The Effect of Loading the Respiratory Pumps on the Oxygen Consumption of Callionymus Lyra

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-615
Author(s):  
G. M. HUGHES ◽  
B. KNIGHTS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Polyethylene Tubing ◽  
Respiratory Movements ◽  
Mechanical Irritation

1. The oxygen consumption of Callionymus lyra is about 40 c.c./kg./hr. at 11° C. but it varies according to the size and sex. Males have a significantly higher metabolism than females for specimens above 30g. 2. The oxygen consumption is increased in specimens which have rubber horns attached about their opercular openings or have their opercular and buccal cavities cannulated with polyethylene tubing. The effects are least in fish above 90 g. 3. Variations in the resistance to flow out of the opercular cavity were achieved by altering the bore of rubber tubes attached to the horns fixed about the opercular opening. The O2 consumption was significantly increased if the tubes were less than ⅜ in. diameter. 4. It is concluded that the experimental set-up used to measure ventilation volume directly increases the oxygen consumption of the fish, mainly because of an interference with the normal respiratory movements and the general mechanical irritation, but these effects are relatively small for fish above 90 g. With this limitation, however, this method of studying ventilation volume, utilization and O2 consumption has much to recommend it, especially where the effect of changes in environmental conditions is to be studied.

Oxygen Consumption in Platelets of Newborn Infants before and after Stimulation by Thrombin.

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Del Principe ◽  
G Mancuso ◽  
A Menichelli ◽  
G Maretto ◽  
G Sabetta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Healthy Newborn ◽  
Before And After

SummaryThe authors compared the oxygen consumption in platelets from the umbilical cord blood of 36 healthy newborn infants with that of 27 adult subjects, before and after thrombin addition (1.67 U/ml). Oxygen consumption at rest was 6 mμmol/109/min in adult control platelets and 5.26 in newborn infants. The burst in oxygen consumption after thrombin addition was 26.30 mμmol/109/min in adults and 24.90 in infants. Dinitrophenol did not inhibit the burst of O2 consumption in platelets in 8 out of 10 newborn infants, while the same concentration caused a decrease in 9 out of 10 adult subjects. Deoxyglucose inhibited the burst in O2 consumption in newborn infant and adult platelets by about 50%. KCN at the concentration of 10−4 M completely inhibited basal oxygen consumption but did not completely inhibit the burst after thrombin. At the concentration of 10−3 M, it inhibited both basal O2 consumption and the burst in infants and adult subjects.

GASEOUS METABOLISM IN PREMATURE INFANTS AT 32-34°C AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Forrest H. Adams ◽  
Tetsuro Fujiwara ◽  
Robert Spears ◽  
Joan Hodgman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Thirty-four measurements of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient, and rectal temperature were made on 22 premature infants with ages ranging from 2½ hours to 18 days. The studies were conducted at 32-34°C utilizing an open circuit apparatus and a specially designed climatized chamber. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were lowest in the first 12 hours and increased thereafter. The rate of increase in O2 consumption was greater than that of CO2 production, with a consequent fall in respiratory quotient during the first 76 hours of life. A reverse relation of O2 consumption and CO2 production was found following the 4th day of life with a consequent rise in respiratory quotient. There was a close correlation between O2 consumption and rectal temperature regardless of age. A respiratory quotient below the value of 0.707 for fat metabolism was observed in 7 premature infants with ages ranging from 24 to 76 hours.

Splanchnic blood flow, O2 consumption, removal of lactate, and output of glucose in highlanders

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Capderou ◽  
J. Polianski ◽  
J. Mensch-Dechene ◽  
L. Drouet ◽  
G. Antezana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Splanchnic Hemodynamics ◽  
Arterial Blood Glucose ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference

An impairment of gluconeogenesis has been proposed to explain the low arterial blood glucose of highlanders. Therefore, we studied splanchnic blood flow, splanchnic uptake of oxygen and lactate, and output of glucose in nine normal and six anemic highlanders at an altitude of 3,750 m. Splanchnic blood flow, arteriovenous difference for oxygen, and oxygen consumption were comparable at rest in both groups and in lowlanders from the literature, whereas splanchnic output of glucose, and uptake of lactate were approximately twice those in lowlanders. After 10 min of mild exercise in 12 subjects (7 normals, 5 anemic), no significant changes in splanchnic hemodynamics and metabolism were found. During 29% oxygen breathing in 8 subjects (5 normals, 3 anemics), arterial lactate, splanchnic uptake of lactate and output of glucose fell to normal sea-level values. We concluded that splanchnic hemodynamics are similar in adapted highlanders and in lowlanders, and that there is no evidence of an impaired gluconeogenesis at the altitude of the present study.

scholarly journals Eosinophils do respond to fMLP

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
M Yazdanbakhsh ◽  
CM Eckmann ◽  
L Koenderman ◽  
AJ Verhoeven ◽  
D Roos
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction ◽  
Percoll Gradients ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Tetrazolium Reduction ◽  
Normal Human Blood

Eosinophils were isolated from normal human blood by separation over Percoll gradients, which resulted in eosinophil suspensions of a purity higher than 95% and recoveries of about 65%. Normal human eosinophils were found to respond to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) at concentrations greater than 10(-7) mol/L with an increase in the concentration of intracellular free calcium, oxygen consumption, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and chemiluminescence. The maximal response of eosinophils to fMLP was lower than that of neutrophils isolated from the same blood samples and required at least ten times as much fMLP as was needed for neutrophils. Low fMLP concentrations (approximately 10(-8) mol/L), which in themselves did not stimulate O2 consumption by either eosinophils or neutrophils, primed these cells to respond to a suboptimal concentration of another stimulus. Purification of eosinophils after treatment of whole blood with fMLP showed that these eosinophils had lost their ability to respond to fMLP. We conclude that normal eosinophils do respond to fMLP and that therefore fMLP should not be used to isolate eosinophils.

Regulation of Heat Production by Large Moths

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
JAMES EDWARD HEATH ◽  
PHILLIP A. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Thoracic Temperature ◽  
Silk Moth

1. Moths ‘warm-up’ prior to flight at mean rates of 4.06° C./min. in Celerio lineata and 2.5° C./min. in Rothschildia jacobae. The abdominal temperature rises only 2-3° C. during activity. 2. Oxygen consumption of torpid sphinx moths increases by a factor of 2.27 as temperature changes from 26° to 36° C. 3. Oxygen consumption during ‘warm-up’ increases with duration of ‘warm-up’ from about 1000 µl./g. min during the initial 30 sec. to nearly 1600µl./g. min. during the 3rd min. This increase compensates for increasing heat loss from the thorax during ‘warm-up‘. 4. When the moths are regulating thoracic temperature, oxygen consumption increases with decreasing air temperature from a mean of about 400µl./g. min at 31° C. to about 650µl./g. min. at 26° C 5. Values of O2 consumption calculated from the cooling curve of C. lineata are about 85% of the measured values of O2 consumption. 6. The giant silk moth, Rothschildia jacobae, regulates thoracic temperature during activity between about 32° and 36° C. at ambient temperature from 17° to 29° C. Moths kept at high temperatures are active longer, have more periods of activity and expend more energy for thermoregulation than moths kept at low temperatures. 7. Large moths increase metabolism during active periods to offset heat loss and thereby maintain a relatively constant internal temperature. In this regard they may be considered endothermic, like birds and mammals. 8. We estimate that male moths use 10% of their stored fat for thermoregulation, while females may use 50%.

Oxygen consumption during cimetidine and prostaglandin E2 inhibition of acid secretion.

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. E445
Author(s):  
L Y Cheung ◽  
F G Moody ◽  
K Larson ◽  
S F Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Greater Curvature

Oxygen consumption was determined during cimetidine and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 inhibition of acid secretion in exteriorized segments of the greater curvature of dog stomach. Steady-state acid secretion during histamine infusion correlated well with O2 consumption (r = 0.85, P less than 0.01). Cimetidine and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 inhibition of acid secretion produced a reduction of oxygen consumption to resting levels. In contrast, oxygen consumption did not decrease appreciably during thiocyanate inhibition of acid secretion. These observations suggest that the inhibitory action of cimetidine and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 precedes, whereas that of thiocyanate is at a point beyond the transfer of energy to the process of acid production.

Heart rate and O2 consumption after triiodothyronine in the myxedematous rabbit

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Guz ◽  
George S. Kurland ◽  
A. Stone Freedberg
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
O2 Consumption

The basal oxygen consumption and heart rate of the myxedematous rabbit has been studied following the intravenous injection of 200–400 µg of triiodothyronine. The heart rate increased in 1–3 hours after injection which was invariably before the onset of the rise in oxygen consumption at 3.5–14 hours after injection.

Biologically effective rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p in soybean (Glycine max)

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Miller ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Trevor E. Kraus ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Annual Weeds

Miller, R. T., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Kraus, T. E. and Sikkema, P. H. 2012. Biologically effective rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid- in soybean ( Glycine max ). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 517–531. A total of five field studies were conducted over a 2-yr period (2009, 2010) at three Ontario locations to determine the biologically effective rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied preemergence (PRE) for the control of annual weeds in soybean. The rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p required for the control of annual weeds was influenced by environmental conditions. With adequate moisture and above-average temperatures in 2010, between 224 and 374 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p was required for 80% control of common ragweed, common lamb's quarters, and green foxtail 4 wk after treatment (WAT). In contrast, below-average temperatures and excessive moisture in 2009 resulted in higher rates of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p being necessary for the same level of weed control. Pigweed species were least affected by environmental conditions after application at 4 WAT with only 245 g a.i. ha−1 required for 80% control in both years. By 11 WAT, 320 g a.i. ha−1 or less of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p was required to achieve 80% control of these species in 2010, while 845 g a.i. ha−1 or more was needed in 2009 for equivalent control. The potential of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p as a set-up treatment prior to a postemergence (POST) glyphosate application was also examined. Excellent full season control of all weed species was achieved with saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied PRE followed by glyphosate POST. However, there was no difference in yield when saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p was followed by glyphosate POST compared with a single glyphosate POST application.

Function of myoglobin in oxygen consumption by isolated perfused fish hearts

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. R1144-R1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Bailey ◽  
W. R. Driedzic
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cardiac Performance ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Sea Raven ◽  
Hemitripterus Americanus ◽  
O2 Binding

Myoglobin, an intracellular O2-binding protein, plays a protective role in maintaining performance of isolated fish hearts under hypoxic conditions. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the protein contributes to O2 consumption under conditions of increased O2 demand or hypoxia. Isolated myoglobin-rich sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus) hearts and myoglobin-poor ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) hearts were perfused under conditions of changing partial pressure of O2 (PO2) and afterload. Sea raven hearts maintained O2 consumption and cardiac performance at low PO2 and high afterload, whereas ocean pout hearts did not. In other cases sea raven and ocean pout hearts were treated with hydroxylamine, which renders myoglobin incapable of binding O2, and subjected to changing PO2 and afterload. Sea raven hearts could not maintain O2 consumption and cardiac performance, whereas hydroxylamine treatment had no effect on O2 consumption in ocean pout hearts under these conditions. These data provide the first evidence to support the concept that myoglobin plays a role in O2 consumption of hearts.

Oxygen consumption by chick embryos exposed to mechanical (shaking) stress

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-301
Author(s):  
R. R. Schmidt ◽  
S. Kaplan ◽  
J. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Early Return ◽  
Functionally Impaired ◽  
First Time

Stage 34 (8-day) and 41 (15-day) chick embryos (Gallus gallus; in ovo) were exposed (3 min) to two separate amounts of mechanical (shaking) stress. Oxygen consumption determinations, following a temperature equilibration period (60 min), were made on entire, intact eggs using a Warburg apparatus equipped with 130-ml flasks modified to hold the egg. Shaking at 300 excursions per minute (epm) resulted in depressed O2 consumption by stages 34 and 41. Only stage 34 embryos had markedly depressed O2 consumption values when shaken at 100 epm. When exposed to 300 epm and reincubated for either 1, 2, or 4 hr prior to O2 consumption determinations stage 34 embryos, following an early return to control levels exhibited a marked fall in O2 consumption by 4 h reincubation. The stage 41 embryos, on the other hand, demonstrated a gradual rise to control O2 consumption levels by 4 h reincubation. Oxygen consumption has now been shown for the first time in an embryonic system (at two distinct developmental stages) to be functionally impaired by mechanically induced stress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document