Combating Global Warming—Reducing CO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plant

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R Summerfield ◽  
S H Goldthorpe ◽  
C J Bower
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Energy Penalty ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gas Fields

The threat of global warming is sufficient to warrant ‘least regrets’ measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, in particular through increased efficiency in energy production and use. British Coal has set up a programme to contribute to the international responses to the threat. It is concentrating on investigating options for removing carbon dioxide from fossil-fuelled power plants in case expensive fallback options become necessary. Screening of the options commenced with flowsheeting studies which estimated the thermal efficiency of a number of process schemes. These screening studies concluded that carbon dioxide (CO2) control could be retrofitted to existing coal-fired power stations, but that the new generation of gasification-based systems is more promising. CO2 separation could be more easily integrated into advanced power plants as they operate at high pressure, resulting in increased CO2 partial pressure which reduces the energy penalty associated with the separation. The CO2 would need to be exported as a liquid stream for storage in exhausted oil or gas fields. Costs of such power plants and CO2 disposal options have been developed. These studies suggest that, using proven technology, the cost of electricity would rise by about 42 per cent. If novel gas separation systems based on membranes can be developed, the increase in electricity cost could be limited to around 34 per cent. This paper discusses the options and presents the results of costing studies.

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF THE COST OF ELECTRICITY ON THE VOLUME OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Kononov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
The Cost

The strategy of low-carbon development of the economy and energy of Russia provides for the introduction of a fee (tax) for carbon dioxide emissions by power plants. This will seriously affect their prospective structure and lead to an increase in electricity prices. The expected neg-ative consequences for national and energy security are great. But serious and multilateral research is needed to properly assess these strategic threats

Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 764 ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshit Ameta ◽  
Shikha Panchal ◽  
Noopur Ameta ◽  
Suresh C. Ameta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Organic Fuels ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Alternate Fuels

World is facing problems of global warming as well as energy crisis. Both these problems can be solved to a reasonable extent by photoreduction of carbon dioxide. Here, photocatalysis enters the scene. Photocatalytic reduction to synthetic organic fuels like formaldehyde, methanol, formic acid, acetic acid, methane, etc. will provide a solution to the problem of energy crisis as it will give us alternate fuels, which can be burnt into fuel cells to generate electricity. Once we get electricity at the cost of carbon dioxide, one can convert this form of energy to any other form of energy. Secondly, it will give a solution to put a check on the increasing amount of carbon dioxide, which is the main culprit of global warming. Any conventional fuel on burring will add some molecules of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but synthetic fuels derived by photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide will not add even a single molecule of carbon dioxide in the environment. It can be considered as a short term loan of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as the carbon dioxide molecules utilized in the synthesis of alternate fuels are generated back on burning it in fuel cell.

CREATION OF MINI-POWER PLANTS BASED ON BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY ON REMOTE SUMMER PASTURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Savvateeva ◽  
◽  
V.P. Druzyanova ◽  
S.A. Petrova ◽  
N.S. Khiterkheeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Cost

The need for widespread introduction of renewable energy sources requires giving attention to all his components as follows energetic, environmental, operational, economic and social efficiency. Today, a more promising way is the use of solar energy to obtain liquid and gaseous fuels in detail to produce liquid and gaseous fuels [1, 10, 11]. In contrast to wind turbines and photovoltaic power stations, the cost of introducing biogas plants pays back from 5 to 26 months, that depend on the volume of reactors [12]. With the introduction of biogas technologies, the following goals can be achieved: cheap production of heat and electric energy (individual and state level), increasing crop yields through the using of effluent (individual and state level); improving the quality of agricultural products - the production of ecologically safe products; improving the social conditions of the rural population by creating a closed energy-saving production (individual and state level); preservation of forest plantations and reduction of soil erosion (mainly at the state level); savings due to lower energy costs and fertilizers (state level); reduction of internal migration from rural areas (state level).

Green for ICT, Green by ICT, Green by Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-121
Author(s):  
Joël Penhoat ◽  
Mikko Samuli Vaija ◽  
Dinh-Thuy Phan-Huy ◽  
Guillaume Gérard ◽  
Zakaria Ournani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
Network Equipment ◽  
Set Up

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change claims that global warming can be avoided by “reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions globally around 2050 and concurrent deep reductions in emissions of non-carbon dioxide forcers, particularly methane.” To protect the planet and guarantee prosperity for all, The United Nations has set up a sustainable development program made up of 17 goals. Among them, Goal 12 establishes sustainable consumption and production patterns so that a social and economic growth does not increase the pressure on Earth's resources, and Goal 13 constrains global warming. This chapter explores some actions the telecommunication companies have implemented: assessing the issues of mineral resources on network equipment, improving data centre energy consumption, reducing the average electricity intensity of the transmitting data, contributing to the energy transition.

scholarly journals Chemical, thermal and economic aspects for the energy balance of coal gasification power plants with and without CO2 recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Said M. A. Ibrahim ◽  
Mostafa E.M Samy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Co2 Recovery ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Kinetics Of

This paper presents a methodology for studying the chemical, thermal processes and economics for the gasification systems employed in coal fired power stations through thermodynamic analyses based on thermodynamic laws in order to gain some new aspects of the plant performance. A resourceful computer program is developed and designed to calculate all necessary design and performance data for four selected coal fired power plants for all coal ranks. Detailed manual calculations were performed for the results. Comparison of computer and manual results are in excellent agreement which indicates that the present program is an accurate quick powerful tool for all users. The main findings of this paper are that Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Power Generation Plants with CO2 recovery increase the plant's thermal efficiency and decrease the CO2 emission. The thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and kinetics of each reaction to the gas combinations were most likely tested by each of the techniques when using a variety of fuels under the condition of "Oxygen gas at 30 bar pressure". The economic analysis is based on analyzing the economics of carbon dioxide capture and storage and the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from power plants. Finally, with new developments, the capture and sequestration of CO2   could lead to.  

scholarly journals A Coal-Fired Power Plant With Zero Atmospheric Emissions

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Martinez-Frias ◽  
Salvador M. Aceves ◽  
J. Ray Smith ◽  
Harry Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents the thermodynamic analysis of a coal-based zero-atmospheric emissions electric power plant. The approach involves an oxygen-blown coal gasification unit. The resulting synthetic gas (syngas) is combusted with oxygen in a gas generator to produce the working fluid for the turbines. The combustion produces a gas mixture composed almost entirely of steam and carbon dioxide. These gases drive multiple turbines to produce electricity. The turbine discharge gases pass to a condenser where water is captured. A stream of carbon dioxide then results that can be used for enhanced oil recovery, or for sequestration. This analysis is based on a 400 MW electric power generating plant that uses turbines that are currently under development by a U.S. turbine manufacturer. The power plant has a net thermal efficiency of 42.6%. This efficiency is based on the lower heating value of the coal, and includes the energy necessary for coal gasification, air separation and for carbon dioxide separation and sequestration. The paper also presents an analysis of the cost of electricity (COE) and the cost of conditioning carbon dioxide for sequestration for the 400 MW power plant. Electricity cost is compared for three different gasification processes (Texaco, Shell, and Koppers-Totzek) and two types of coals (Illinois #6 and Wyodak). Cost of electricity ranges from 5.16 ¢/kWhr to 5.42 ¢/kWhr, indicating very little sensitivity to the gasification processes considered and the coal types used.

Development Status and Energy Penalty of Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1598-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yong Liu ◽  
Xiao Feng Zhang ◽  
Ji Fa Zhang ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Fang Qin Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Energy Penalty

Carbon dioxide is claimed to be responsible for 60 percent of the global warming caused by greenhouse gases. CCS is important for reducing CO2emissions. Most technologies are in demonstration stage. Carbon capture accounts for two thirds of total cost of CCS. The trend of CCS is also described.

scholarly journals Short introspections regarding the sawdust briquetting as sustainable solution for the environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Imre Kiss ◽  
Vasile Alexa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Power Stations

Wood pellets have only become an important part of this boom in the past few years. Owners of large coal-fired power stations in Europe started searching for a way to fulfill the new regulations and to find a solution for the declining economic relevance of traditional coal-fired power stations due to their high carbon dioxide emissions. The answer was to give the old dirty giants a green coat of paint by “co-firing” regular coal power plants with wood pellets. Wood pellets have similar burning qualities to traditional coal and the costs of converting boilers to burn wood pellets are low. The idea of declaring wood pellets as a carbon neutral energy source was based on the assumption that the released emissions of carbon dioxide during the burning process are neutralized by the carbon that is captured and stored in newly growing trees. The idea of using wood as a renewable source was backed by environment organizations. More recent pellet investment projects as well as facilities currently under construction show that the production of wood pellets is being outsourced by the energy firms to companies specialized in wood pellet production. These firms are 100-percent focused on sourcing the raw material, operating the wood pellet production plant and handling the logistics for transporting the renewable resource.

scholarly journals Low Cost Automatic Street Light Control System With and Without Relay

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3790-3794
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Light Control ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

modern society entirely depends on electricity for daily life. It has become the key component for modern technology, without electricity most of the equipments which we are using daily will not work at all. Internet is our gateway for knowledge and we also depend on it a lot to get the things which are surrounding us very easily. Under this situation we are not using proper electrical energy in case of street lights. Street lights are perfect solution for night base loads at most of the utility companies during 1930’s were seeking for night timed base loads especially coal based power plants. In India approximately 40 million street lights are there which will generates a total demand of 4000 MW. The cost required to satisfy this demand will also very high. In most of the places maintenance of street lights is very poor. Even though several technologies have used to automatic control of street light but they may turn into several failures because of high cost, improper maintenance, environmental effects on the components or some other major issues. In this paper a low cost maintenance free automatic street light control system is proposed which can be used with relay al well as without relay by using basic electronics components. A small experimental set up has done in laboratory and it can be concluded that the street light automatically turns on and off depends on the darkness of the environment. It can be implemented anywhere irrespective of environmental conditions without any maintenance

Carbon Dioxide Capture from Air: A Simple Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Brandani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Direct Capture ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Cost

A simplified analysis is presented in order to compare direct capture of carbon dioxide from air, i.e. air capture, and capture from fossil fuelled power plants. For air capture the literature shows conflicting data on the estimates of the costs of the technology, which range from 30 US$/t CO2 to $1000 US$/t CO2. This clearly creates uncertainty especially for those who have to implement long term policies to mitigate climate change. The aim of this contribution is not to assign a fixed cost to air capture, but to show that it is possible to make a common sense estimate of the ratios of cost and energy requirement of air capture compared to carbon capture from power plants. These ratios are at least 10 times for the cost and 3 to 4 times for the energy needed to produce a high purity carbon dioxide stream at atmospheric pressure.

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