Post-exercise Whole Body Cryotherapy Treatment Increases Energy Intake Among Well-trained Athletes

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) treatment after exercise on appetite regulation and energy intake. METHODS: Twelve male athletes participated in two trials on different days. In both trials, participants performed high-intensity intermittent exercise. After 10 min following the completion of the exercise, they were exposed to a 3-min WBC treatment (−140 °C, WBC trial) or underwent a rest period (CON trial). Blood samples were collected to assess plasma acylated ghrelin, serum leptin, and other metabolic hormone concentrations. Respiratory gas parameters, skin temperature, and ratings of subjective variables were also measured after exercise. At 30 min post-exercise, energy and macronutrient intake were evaluated during an ad libitum buffet meal test. RESULTS: Although appetite-regulating hormones (acylated ghrelin and leptin) significantly changed with exercise (p = 0.047 for acylated ghrelin and p < 0.001 for leptin), no significant differences were observed between the trials. Energy intake during the buffet meal test was significantly higher in the WBC trial (1371 ± 481 kcal) than the CON trial (1106 ± 452 kcal, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Cold exposure using WBC following strenuous exercise increased energy intake in male athletes.

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Physical Exercise Combined with Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Evaluating the Level of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Other Oxidant Stress Indicators in Kayakers

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2014/402631 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Paweł Sutkowy ◽

Beata Augustyńska ◽

Alina Woźniak ◽

Andrzej Rakowski

Keyword(s):

Oxidant Stress ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Whole Body ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Post Exercise ◽

National Team ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽

Gpx Activity

The influence of exercise combined with whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on the oxidant/antioxidant balance in healthy men was assessed. The study included 16 kayakers of the Polish National Team, aged 22.7 ± 2.6, subjected to WBC (−120°C–−145°C; 3 min) twice a day for the first 10 days of a 19-day physical training cycle: pre exercise morning stimulation and post exercise afternoon recovery. Blood samples were taken on Day 0 (baseline) and on Days 5, 11 and 19. The serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated dienes (CD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, vitamin E, urea, cortisol, and testosterone were determined, along with the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and morphological blood parameters. On 5th day of exercise/WBC, the baseline GPx activity decreased by 15.1% (P<0.05), while on 19th day, it increased by 19.7% (P<0.05) versus Day 5. On Day 19 TBARS concentration decreased versus baseline and Day 5 (by 15.9% and 17.4%, resp.;P<0.01). On 19 Day urea concentration also decreased versus 11 Day; however, on 5th and 11th days the level was higher versus baseline. Combining exercise during longer training cycles with WBC may be advantageous.

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Cryostimulation for Post-exercise Recovery in Athletes: A Consensus and Position Paper

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living ◽

10.3389/fspor.2021.688828 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Romain Bouzigon ◽

Olivier Dupuy ◽

Ivo Tiemessen ◽

Massimo De Nardi ◽

Jean-Pierre Bernard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Whole Body ◽

International Institute ◽

Muscle Injuries ◽

Cold Stimulation ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Cold Room ◽

Extreme Cold ◽

International Experts ◽

Post Exercise Recovery ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy

Recovery after exercise is a crucial key in preventing muscle injuries and in speeding up the processes to return to homeostasis level. There are several ways of developing a recovery strategy with the use of different kinds of traditional and up-to-date techniques. The use of cold has traditionally been used after physical exercise for recovery purposes. In recent years, the use of whole-body cryotherapy/cryostimulation (WBC; an extreme cold stimulation lasting 1–4 min and given in a cold room at a temperature comprised from −60 to −195°C) has been tremendously increased for such purposes. However, there are controversies about the benefits that the use of this technique may provide. Therefore, the main objectives of this paper are to describe what is whole body cryotherapy/cryostimulation, review and debate the benefits that its use may provide, present practical considerations and applications, and emphasize the need of customization depending on the context, the purpose, and the subject's characteristics. This review is written by international experts from the working group on WBC from the International Institute of Refrigeration.

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The Effect of Repeated Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Sirt1 and Sirt3 Concentrations and Oxidative Status in Older and Young Men Performing Different Levels of Physical Activity

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Gabriela Wojciak ◽

Jadwiga Szymura ◽

Zbigniew Szygula ◽

Joanna Gradek ◽

Magdalena Wiecek

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Men ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Whole Body ◽

Stress Index ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Long Distance ◽

Antioxidant Defence ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽

The Impact

Background: The activity of antioxidant enzymes and sirtuins (Sirt) decreases along with age, which is counteracted by aerobic training. Sirtuins increase antioxidant defence. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) increases total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in young men. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of 24 WBC treatments on the blood concentration of selected sirtuins and the level of antioxidant defence as well as oxidative stress index of training and non-training men depending on age. Methods: The study involved 40 males. In each group, there were 10 non-training older and young men (60 NTR and 20 NTR), and 10 older and young long-distance runners (60 TR, 20 TR). During an 8-week period, participants underwent 24 WBC treatments (3 min −130 °C), which were performed three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). The concentrations of Sirt1, Sirt3, TAC, total oxidative status and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the blood were determined before 1 WBC and after 1 WBC, 12 WBC and 24 WBC. Results: After 1 WBC, the activity of GPx and the concentration of Sirt1 and TAC in 60 TR and TAC in 60 NTR increased. After 12 WBC, the level of Sirt1 in 20 NTR and SOD in 20 TR increased. After 24 WBC, the level of Sirt1 increased in 60 TR and in 20 NTR, Sirt3 in 60 TR and SOD in 20 TR. Conclusions: Cryogenic temperatures increase blood levels of Sirt1 and Sirt3 and systemic antioxidant defence in men, but the effect is dependent on age, level of performed physical activity and the number of applied treatments.

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Histamine H1 and H2 receptors are essential transducers of the integrative exercise training response in humans

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abf2856 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (16) ◽

pp. eabf2856

Author(s):

Thibaux Van der Stede ◽

Laura Blancquaert ◽

Flore Stassen ◽

Inge Everaert ◽

Ruud Van Thienen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Interval Training ◽

Whole Body ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Muscle Perfusion ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Training Response ◽

Exercise Muscle

Exercise training is a powerful strategy to prevent and combat cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, although the integrative nature of the training-induced adaptations is not completely understood. We show that chronic blockade of histamine H1/H2 receptors led to marked impairments of microvascular and mitochondrial adaptations to interval training in humans. Consequently, functional adaptations in exercise capacity, whole-body glycemic control, and vascular function were blunted. Furthermore, the sustained elevation of muscle perfusion after acute interval exercise was severely reduced when H1/H2 receptors were pharmaceutically blocked. Our work suggests that histamine H1/H2 receptors are important transducers of the integrative exercise training response in humans, potentially related to regulation of optimal post-exercise muscle perfusion. These findings add to our understanding of how skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system adapt to exercise training, knowledge that will help us further unravel and develop the exercise-is-medicine concept.

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The improvement of cognitive deficits after whole-body cryotherapy – A randomised controlled trial

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.exger.2021.111237 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 146 ◽

pp. 111237

Author(s):

Joanna Rymaszewska ◽

Katarzyna M. Lion ◽

Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz ◽

Julia E. Rymaszewska ◽

Elżbieta Trypka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Whole Body ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy

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Effect of Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Morphological, Rheological and Biochemical Indices of Blood in People with Multiple Sclerosis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132833 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2833

Author(s):

Bartłomiej Ptaszek ◽

Aneta Teległów ◽

Justyna Adamiak ◽

Jacek Głodzik ◽

Szymon Podsiadło ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Whole Body ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Indices ◽

Rheological Indices ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽

The Impact

The aim of this study was to examine and assess the impact of a series of 20 whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) treatments on the biochemical and rheological indices of blood in people with multiple sclerosis. In this prospective controlled study, the experimental group consisted of 15 women aged 34–55 (mean age, 41.53 ± 6.98 years) with diagnosed multiple sclerosis who underwent a series of whole-body cryotherapy treatments. The first control group consisted of 20 women with diagnosed multiple sclerosis. This group had no intervention in the form of whole-body cryotherapy. The second control group consisted of 15 women aged 30–49 years (mean age, 38.47 ± 6.0 years) without neurological diseases and other chronic diseases who also underwent the whole-body cryotherapy treatment. For the analysis of the blood indices, venous blood was taken twice (first, on the day of initiation of whole-body cryotherapy treatments and, second, after a series of 20 cryotherapy treatments). The blood counts were determined using an ABX MICROS 60 hematological analyzer (USA). The LORCA analyzer (Laser–Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer, RR Mechatronics, the Netherlands) was used to study the aggregation and deformability of erythrocytes. The total protein serum measurement was performed using a Cobas 6000 analyzer, Roche and a Proteinogram-Minicap Sebia analyzer. Fibrinogen determinations were made using a Bio-Ksel, Chrom-7 camera. Statistically significant differences and changes after WBC in the levels of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), elongation index, total extend of aggregation (AMP), and proteins (including fibrinogen) were observed. However, there was no significant effect of a series of 20 WBC treatments on changes in blood counts, rheology, and biochemistry in women with multiple sclerosis. Our results show that the use of WBC has a positive effect on the rheological properties of the blood of healthy women.

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The effects of whole-body cryotherapy on oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis patients

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2010.08.006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 406-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Elżbieta Miller ◽

MaŁgorzata Mrowicka ◽

Katarzyna Malinowska ◽

Jerzy Mrowicki ◽

Joanna Saluk-Juszczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Whole Body ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy

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IMPACT OF WHOLE BODY CRYOTHERAPY ON THE BLOOD PLASMA VISCOSITY AND FIBRINOGEN CONCENTRATION IN WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.1432 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (79) ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

Bartłomiej Ptaszek ◽

Jakub Marchewka ◽

Aneta Teległów

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Body Height ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Whole Body ◽

Fibrinogen Concentration ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy

Study aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of whole body cryotherapy on the plasma viscosity and fibrinogen in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Study group: The study groups consisted of 10 womens with rheumatoid arthritis, aged 57.2 ± 9.4, who underwent systemic cryotherapy treatments (3 min treatment time, -120°C chamber temperature, 10 treatment sessions, 5 times a week). Their average body height was 165.5 ± 4.6 cm, weight 68.5 ± 4.9 kg and BMI 24.8 ± 2.2 kg/m2. In order to analyse plasma parameters, venous blood samples were drawn from the participants of the study twice. The first study was held on the day of beginning treatments and the second test was conducted after a series of 10 treatments. Methodology: The viscosity of the blood plasma was determined in the viscometer (type D-52159 Roetgen, Myrenne Co., Germany). Determination of plasma fibrinogen was performed using the Bio-Ksel, Chrom – 7 camera. Results: Analysing the average values of plasma viscosity and fibrinogen in women with rheumatoid arthritis before and after whole body cryotherapy, no statistically significant differences were found. Conclusions: Regular usage of cryotherapy treatments (whole body cryotherapy) not affect the levels of fibrinogen and plasma viscosity in women with rheumatoid arthritis.

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