scholarly journals The Impact Of Aerobic Exercise Intervention On Balance Ability And Perceptualfunction Among The Synthetic Drug Addicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (8S) ◽  
pp. 261-261
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Synthetic Drug ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise on Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Grei Shele ◽  
Jessica Genkil ◽  
Diana Speelman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Androgen Levels

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that is characterized by menstrual irregularity and elevated serum androgens, and is often accompanied by insulin resistance. The etiology of PCOS is unknown. Lifestyle interventions and weight loss, where appropriate, remain first-line treatments for women with PCOS. Regular physical activity is recommended for women with PCOS to maintain a healthy weight and cardiovascular fitness. Purpose: To review the evidence for the impact of various exercise interventions on hormone levels in women with PCOS. Methods: A systematic review of original studies indexed in PubMed that utilized an exercise intervention in women with PCOS and reported hormone values pre- and post-intervention. Studies in which the effects of the exercise intervention could be determined were included. Results: Vigorous aerobic exercise improves insulin measures in women with PCOS. Resistance or strength training may improve androgen levels, though additional studies are warranted. Studies with yoga are limited but suggest improvements in androgens. Limited information is available on the impact of exercise on adipokines and anti-Müllerian hormone, warranting further investigation. Conclusions: Recommended guidelines for women with PCOS include vigorous aerobic exercise and resistance training to improve measures of insulin sensitivity and androgen levels.

scholarly journals Sex Moderates the Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Some Aspects of Cognition in Cognitively Intact Younger and Middle-Age Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaakov Stern ◽  
Seonjoo Lee ◽  
David Predovan ◽  
Richard P. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

We recently reported the results of a randomized, parallel-group, observer-masked, community-based clinical trial of 132 cognitively normal individuals aged 20–67 with below median aerobic capacity who were randomly assigned to one of two 6-month, four-times-weekly conditions: aerobic exercise and stretching/toning. We now assessed potential sex moderation on exercise-related changes in aerobic capacity, BMI and cognitive function. There was no sex moderation of the effect of aerobic exercise on aerobic capacity or BMI. We had previously reported an effect of aerobic exercise on executive function that was moderated by age. We found additional moderation by sex, such that in any age range men improved more than women. Processing speed showed significant sex moderation but not significant age moderation. In men, processing speed significantly improved by week 12 (b = 0.35, p = 0.0051), but the effect was diminished relative to week 12 at week 24 (b = 0.24, p = 0.0578). In women, there was no exercise effect at either time point (week 12: b = −0.06, p = 0.4156; week 24: b = −0.11, p = 0.1841). Men benefited cognitively more than women from aerobic exercise. This study highlights the importance of using sex-disaggregated analyses when assessing the impact of physical exercise intervention, and the need to ascertain the underlying mechanisms for differential cognitive benefit by sex.

Feasibility and Perception of the Impact From Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
Ruth M. Swartwood
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Background: The subjective experience of participating in aerobic exercise is unknown in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the subjective perceptions of the feasibility and impact of a 6-month, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention by older adults with AD and their family caregivers. Methods: Ten older adults with AD who completed the intervention and their family caregivers participated in four focus group interviews. Results: Four converging themes were identified: “There was no perceived positive change in cognitive symptoms,” “The 6-month exercise program was socially rewarding,” “The 6-month exercise program increased physical strength,” and “Participation in aerobic exercise was a positive experience.” Family caregivers further identified two additional themes: “The exercise program led to improved attitude in older adults with AD” and “The exercise program reduced caregiver stress.” Discussion: Aerobic exercise is a feasible and well-perceived intervention for older adults with AD and their family caregivers.

scholarly journals Effects of aerobic exercise on thyroid hormonal change responses among adolescents with intellectual disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefelegn Zenebe Altaye ◽  
Soumitra Mondal ◽  
Kesatie Legesse ◽  
Mahmud Abdulkedir
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Hormonal Change ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week aerobic exercise programme on the changes in the plasma level concentration of thyroid hormones in adolescents with intellectual disabilities.MethodologyUsing purposive sampling, a total of 36 adolescents with intellectual disabilities were selected to participate in the study. The training programme consisted of 16 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercises at an intensity of 45–75 hours. These exercises were performed in three sessions a week, and each session took 30–45 min: 10 min warm-up, 15–30 min main aerobic workout and 5 min cool-down exercises. The plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) and of thyroid stimulating hormone were measured before and after 16 weeks of aerobic exercise intervention.ResultsAfter 16 weeks of intervention, a significant change was observed in the plasma level concentration of thyroid (T3 and T4) and thyroid stimulating hormones (p<0.05) in the group treated with aerobic exercise.ConclusionWe concluded that aerobic exercise had an impact on the change in the plasma level concentration of thyroid and thyroid stimulating hormones in adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

Spin Exercise Improves Semantic Fluency in Previously Sedentary Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe R. Nocera ◽  
Keith M. McGregor ◽  
Chris J. Hass ◽  
Bruce Crosson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
The Impact

Studies suggest improvements of neurocognitive function among older adults who undergo aerobic exercise training. This study sought to examine the impact of an aerobic exercise intervention on verbal fluency in sedentary older adults. Twenty community-dwelling older adults were recruited and enrolled in either a spin exercise group or a control condition. Participants were evaluated with an estimated V02max test and on measures of letter, category, and switching verbal fluency both before and after a 12-week intervention period. Spin exercise resulted in a significant improvement in category (semantic) verbal fluency when compared with the control group (15% vs. 2% increase, respectively; P = .001). Spin exercise also resulted in a significant improvement in estimated V02max (P = .005). Also important, the spin exercise group demonstrated a high level of adherence (mean adherence = 82.5%). Spin exercise can be an effective mode of aerobic exercise to improve semantic fluency in previously sedentary older adults.

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Induces Alternative Splicing of Neurexins in Frontal Cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Elisa Innocenzi ◽  
Ida Cariati ◽  
Emanuela De Domenico ◽  
Erika Tiberi ◽  
Giovanna D’Arcangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

Aerobic exercise (AE) is known to produce beneficial effects on brain health by improving plasticity, connectivity, and cognitive functions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still limited. Neurexins (Nrxns) are a family of presynaptic cell adhesion molecules that are important in synapsis formation and maturation. In vertebrates, three-neurexin genes (NRXN1, NRXN2, and NRXN3) have been identified, each encoding for α and β neurexins, from two independent promoters. Moreover, each Nrxns gene (1–3) has several alternative exons and produces many splice variants that bind to a large variety of postsynaptic ligands, playing a role in trans-synaptic specification, strength, and plasticity. In this study, we investigated the impact of a continuous progressive (CP) AE program on alternative splicing (AS) of Nrxns on two brain regions: frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus. We showed that exercise promoted Nrxns1–3 AS at splice site 4 (SS4) both in α and β isoforms, inducing a switch from exon-excluded isoforms (SS4−) to exon-included isoforms (SS4+) in FC but not in hippocampus. Additionally, we showed that the same AE program enhanced the expression level of other genes correlated with synaptic function and plasticity only in FC. Altogether, our findings demonstrated the positive effect of CP AE on FC in inducing molecular changes underlying synaptic plasticity and suggested that FC is possibly a more sensitive structure than hippocampus to show molecular changes.

scholarly journals Regular Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity and Walking Are Associated with Divergent but Not Convergent Thinking in Japanese Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Chong Chen ◽  
Yasuhiro Mochizuki ◽  
Kosuke Hagiwara ◽  
Masako Hirotsu ◽  
Shin Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Convergent Thinking ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

The beneficial effects of regular physical activity (PA) on cognitive functions have received much attention. Recent research suggests that regular PA may also enhance creative thinking, an indispensable cognitive factor for invention and innovation. However, at what intensity regular PA brings the most benefits to creative thinking remains uninvestigated. Furthermore, whether the levels of regular PA affect the acute PA effects on creative thinking is also unclear. In the present study, using a previous dataset that investigated the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on creative thinking in healthy Japanese young adults (22.98 ± 1.95 years old) in the year 2020, we tested the association between different intensities of regular PA (i.e., vigorous, moderate, and walking) and creative thinking with the cross-sectional baseline data using multiple linear regression. We also investigated whether regular PA levels were associated with the acute aerobic exercise intervention effects on creative thinking. The results showed that cross-sectionally, the regular PAs were differentially associated with divergent but not convergent thinking. Specifically, whereas the amount of vigorous-intensity PA was positively associated with fluency and flexibility, the amount of walking was positively associated with novelty on the alternate uses test (AUT) measuring divergent thinking. Importantly, the explained variances of fluency, flexibility, and novelty were 20.3% (p = 0.040), 18.8% (p = 0.055), and 20.1% (p = 0.043), respectively. None of the regular PAs predicted convergent thinking (i.e., an insight problem-solving task), nor were they associated with the acute aerobic exercise intervention effects on divergent and convergent thinking. These findings suggest that engaging in regular vigorous-intensity PA and walking may be useful strategies to enhance different aspects of divergent thinking in daily life.

scholarly journals Brain Structure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Executive Control Changes after a 9-Week Exercise Intervention in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Lina Zhu ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Xiaoxiao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Younger Adults

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is assumed to exert beneficial effects on brain structure and executive control (EC) performance. However, empirical evidence of exercise-induced cognitive enhancement is not conclusive, and the role of CRF in younger adults is not fully understood. Here, we conducted a study in which healthy young adults took part in a moderate aerobic exercise intervention program for 9 weeks (exercise group; n = 48), or control condition of non-aerobic exercise intervention (waitlist control group; n = 72). Before and after the intervention period maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) as an indicator of CRF, the Flanker task as a measure of EC performance and grey matter volume (GMV), as well as cortical thickness via structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were assessed. Compared to the control group, the CRF (heart rate, p < 0.001; VO2max, p < 0.001) and EC performance (congruent and incongruent reaction time, p = 0.011, p < 0.001) of the exercise group were significantly improved after the 9-week aerobic exercise intervention. Furthermore, GMV changes in the left medial frontal gyrus increased in the exercise group, whereas they were significantly reduced in the control group. Likewise, analysis of cortical morphology revealed that the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC.L) and the left precuneus (PCUN.L) thickness were considerably increased in the exercise group, which was not observed in the control group. The exploration analysis confirmed that CRF improvements are linked to EC improvement and frontal grey matter changes. In summary, our results support the idea that regular endurance exercises are an important determinant for brain health and cognitive performance even in a cohort of younger adults.

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