Study on Change of Intestinal Microbiota, BDNF and the Factors on Regulation of Food Intake Acording to Aerobic Exercise Intervention in Obese Human

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148
Author(s):  
Ja-Il Choi ◽  
Jeong-Yeop Shin
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Obese Human

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Training with Brisk Walking Increases Intestinal Bacteroides in Healthy Elderly Women

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morita ◽  
Yokoyama ◽  
Imai ◽  
Takeda ◽  
Ota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Brisk Walking ◽  
Healthy Elderly

This study examined the effect of an exercise intervention on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in healthy elderly women. Thirty-two sedentary women that were aged 65 years and older participated in a 12-week, non-randomized comparative trial. The subjects were allocated to two groups receiving different exercise interventions, trunk muscle training (TM), or aerobic exercise training (AE). AE included brisk walking, i.e., at an intensity of ≥ 3 metabolic equivalents (METs). The composition of the intestinal microbiota in fecal samples was determined before and after the training period. We also assessed the daily physical activity using an accelerometer, trunk muscle strength by the modified Kraus–Weber (K-W) test, and cardiorespiratory fitness by a 6-min. walk test (6MWT). K-W test scores and distance achieved during the 6MWT (6MWD) improved in both groups. The relative abundance of intestinal Bacteroides only significantly increased in the AE group, particularly in subjects showing increases in the time spent in brisk walking. Overall, the increases in intestinal Bacteroides following the exercise intervention were associated with increases in 6MWD. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training that targets an increase of the time spent in brisk walking may increase intestinal Bacteroides in association with improved cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy elderly women.

scholarly journals Regular Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity and Walking Are Associated with Divergent but Not Convergent Thinking in Japanese Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Chong Chen ◽  
Yasuhiro Mochizuki ◽  
Kosuke Hagiwara ◽  
Masako Hirotsu ◽  
Shin Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Convergent Thinking ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

The beneficial effects of regular physical activity (PA) on cognitive functions have received much attention. Recent research suggests that regular PA may also enhance creative thinking, an indispensable cognitive factor for invention and innovation. However, at what intensity regular PA brings the most benefits to creative thinking remains uninvestigated. Furthermore, whether the levels of regular PA affect the acute PA effects on creative thinking is also unclear. In the present study, using a previous dataset that investigated the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on creative thinking in healthy Japanese young adults (22.98 ± 1.95 years old) in the year 2020, we tested the association between different intensities of regular PA (i.e., vigorous, moderate, and walking) and creative thinking with the cross-sectional baseline data using multiple linear regression. We also investigated whether regular PA levels were associated with the acute aerobic exercise intervention effects on creative thinking. The results showed that cross-sectionally, the regular PAs were differentially associated with divergent but not convergent thinking. Specifically, whereas the amount of vigorous-intensity PA was positively associated with fluency and flexibility, the amount of walking was positively associated with novelty on the alternate uses test (AUT) measuring divergent thinking. Importantly, the explained variances of fluency, flexibility, and novelty were 20.3% (p = 0.040), 18.8% (p = 0.055), and 20.1% (p = 0.043), respectively. None of the regular PAs predicted convergent thinking (i.e., an insight problem-solving task), nor were they associated with the acute aerobic exercise intervention effects on divergent and convergent thinking. These findings suggest that engaging in regular vigorous-intensity PA and walking may be useful strategies to enhance different aspects of divergent thinking in daily life.

scholarly journals Brain Structure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Executive Control Changes after a 9-Week Exercise Intervention in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Lina Zhu ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Xiaoxiao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Younger Adults

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is assumed to exert beneficial effects on brain structure and executive control (EC) performance. However, empirical evidence of exercise-induced cognitive enhancement is not conclusive, and the role of CRF in younger adults is not fully understood. Here, we conducted a study in which healthy young adults took part in a moderate aerobic exercise intervention program for 9 weeks (exercise group; n = 48), or control condition of non-aerobic exercise intervention (waitlist control group; n = 72). Before and after the intervention period maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) as an indicator of CRF, the Flanker task as a measure of EC performance and grey matter volume (GMV), as well as cortical thickness via structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were assessed. Compared to the control group, the CRF (heart rate, p < 0.001; VO2max, p < 0.001) and EC performance (congruent and incongruent reaction time, p = 0.011, p < 0.001) of the exercise group were significantly improved after the 9-week aerobic exercise intervention. Furthermore, GMV changes in the left medial frontal gyrus increased in the exercise group, whereas they were significantly reduced in the control group. Likewise, analysis of cortical morphology revealed that the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC.L) and the left precuneus (PCUN.L) thickness were considerably increased in the exercise group, which was not observed in the control group. The exploration analysis confirmed that CRF improvements are linked to EC improvement and frontal grey matter changes. In summary, our results support the idea that regular endurance exercises are an important determinant for brain health and cognitive performance even in a cohort of younger adults.

scholarly journals Increased proinflammatory and oxidant gene expression in circulating mononuclear cells in older adults: amelioration by habitual exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey B. Gano ◽  
Anthony J. Donato ◽  
Gary L. Pierce ◽  
Hamza M. Pasha ◽  
Katherine A. Magerko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1

We tested the hypothesis that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of older adults demonstrate a proinflammatory/-oxidative gene expression profile that can be improved by regular aerobic exercise. PBMC were isolated from young ( n = 25, 18–33 yr) and middle-aged/older ( n = 40, 50–76 yr) healthy adults. The older adults had greater mRNA expression (real-time RT-PCR) of the proinflammatory/-oxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (1.58-fold, P < 0.05) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (1.12-fold, P < 0.05), the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (1.90-fold, P < 0.05) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (1.47-fold, P < 0.05), and the oxidant-producing enzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (0.91-fold, P < 0.05) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (2.60-fold, P < 0.05). In 11 subjects (58–70 yr), maximal oxygen consumption (+11%) and exercise time (+19%) were increased (both P < 0.001), and expression of the above proinflammatory/-oxidative genes was or tended to be decreased in PBMC after vs. before 2 mo of aerobic exercise (brisk walking ∼6 days/wk, 50 min/day, 70% of maximal heart rate). Expression of interleukin-6 was not different with age or exercise intervention. Age group- and exercise intervention-related differences in gene expression were independent of other factors. PBMC of healthy older adults demonstrate increased expression of several genes associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which is largely ameliorated by habitual aerobic exercise. This proinflammatory/-oxidative gene signature may represent a therapeutic target for lifestyle and pharmacological prevention and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise improves hippocampal blood flow for hypertensive Apolipoprotein E4 carriers

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2199034
Author(s):  
Carolyn S Kaufman ◽  
Robyn A Honea ◽  
Joseph Pleen ◽  
Rebecca J Lepping ◽  
Amber Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4

Cerebrovascular dysfunction likely contributes causally to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, Apolipoprotein E4 ( APOE4), may act synergistically with vascular risk to cause dementia. Therefore, interventions that improve vascular health, such as exercise, may be particularly beneficial for APOE4 carriers. We assigned cognitively normal adults (65–87 years) to an aerobic exercise intervention or education only. Arterial spin labeling MRI measured hippocampal blood flow (HBF) before and after the 52-week intervention. We selected participants with hypertension at enrollment (n = 44). For APOE4 carriers, change in HBF (ΔHBF) was significantly ( p = 0.006) higher for participants in the exercise intervention (4.09 mL/100g/min) than the control group (−2.08 mL/100g/min). There was no difference in ΔHBF between the control (−0.32 mL/100g/min) and exercise (−0.54 mL/100g/min) groups for non-carriers (p = 0.918). Additionally, a multiple regression showed an interaction between change in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) and APOE4 carrier status on ΔHBF ( p = 0.035), with reductions in SBP increasing HBF for APOE4 carriers only. Aerobic exercise improved HBF for hypertensive APOE4 carriers only. Additionally, only APOE4 carriers exhibited an inverse relationship between ΔSBP and ΔHBF. This suggests exercise interventions, particularly those that lower SBP, may be beneficial for individuals at highest genetic risk of AD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02000583

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON FATIGUE AND DEPRESSION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3674-3679
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Singh ◽  
◽  
Afsha Mulla ◽  
Farheen Farooque Khan ◽  
Ronika Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
P Value ◽  
Target Heart Rate ◽  
Convenience Sample

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, systemic, inflammatory condition causing pain, disability, and psychological distress. It is the most common chronic inflammatory joint disease, affecting 0.1-1% of the population. Women are affected 3 times more than men. Because of its chronic, painful, and disabling character, RA tends to have a profound impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Materials and methods: In the present study a convenience sample of 30 individuals between 30 to 60 years of age group according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The exercise intervention was participation in aerobic exercise session 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. The session consisted of 3 phases –1)Warm-up phase 2).Aerobic period 3) Cool down phase.Subjects were given their target heart rate for 40% and 60% of their HRmax. They were instructed to start exercising at 40% and progress to 60% as tolerated given their subjective exertion using the Talk Test (being able to talk while exercising without being short of breath). Global Fatigue Index Of The Multidimensional Assessment Of Fatigue Questionnaire (GFI) and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies- Depression Scale (CES-D)were used as outcome measures for evaluating fatigue and severity of depression respectively in the subjects and the data was statistically analysed. Results: Paired t-test was done for pre and post mean values for MAF-GFI scale. The results showed statistically significant values for both the outcome measures (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study concludes that 6 weeks of aerobic exercise showed significant effect in decreasing fatigue and depression in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. KEY WORDS: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Fatigue, Depression, Aerobic Exercise.

Abstract P031: Effect of Exercise on Function and Differentiation of Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs)

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabanita Kundu ◽  
Cleyton Domingues ◽  
Peter Kokkinos ◽  
Eric Nylen ◽  
Sabyasachi Sen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Bone Formation Markers

Approximately 422 million people have diabetes worldwide (2014) and it is predicted that diabetes will rise by nearly 54% by 2030. Aerobic exercise is known to show positive effect on health of diabetic and pre diabetic patients. The effect of exercise has been studied extensively using plasma biochemistry but cellular data is scares. Previously, we have shown endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can act as a strong cellular biomarker of endothelial function following aerobic exercise as an intervention. In this study, we are examining the effect of aerobic exercise on adipocyte derived MSCs to study stromal cell differentiation and as a cellular surrogate of fat metabolism. Methods: Overweight and obese subjects (n=5) were enrolled in a 12 week exercise intervention study. The biweekly exercise sessions were supervised by a trained exercise physiologist and consisted of a 1 hour sessions that included warm-up and cool-down and 30 min of combined aerobic and resistance training at an exercise intensity of 50-80% of heart rate reserve. Physical and biochemical parameters were tested pre and post exercise. Subcutaneous abdominal fat biopsies were obtained and fat derived stromal cells were cultured in vitro for 2-3 weeks. MSCs were analyzed for mRNA gene expression (qRT-PCR) and cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR), pre and post 12 week exercise. Results: With exercise, A1C reduced significantly. An increase of METs was also noticed post exercise. Both basal and maximal respiration increased significantly post exercise when compared with commercially obtained MSCs. Simultaneously, mitochondrial genes COX4 and ATP5B (p= 0.01, 1.4 fold, 0.02, 1.5 fold respectively), Glucose transporter, GLUT1 (p=0.04, 1.8 fold), antioxidants GPX3 and CAT (p= 0.01, 3.2 fold and p=0.04, 1.5 fold respectively) upregulated whereas pro-inflammatory cyclo-oxygenase-2 (p=0.04, 2.5 fold) gene reduced significantly, post exercise. Regarding differentiation potential of multipotent MSCs, post exercise, we noted enhanced expression of bone markers such Alkaline Phosphatase (p= 0.03, 2.7 fold) BGLAP and RUNX2 (1.3 and 1.2 fold) and also for collagen marker COL2 (2.4 fold) expression. For adipogenic differentiation potential PPARG mRNA expression was reduced. Interestingly, serum value of osteocalcin increased significantly from 15.0 (5.5) to 16.3(6.1) ng/ml (9% increase, p=0.03) with 1% increase in bone alkaline phosphatase level, post exercise. Conclusion: We conclude that exercise augments cellular glucose transporters (GLUT1), anti-oxidants and reduce MSC inflammation and up-regulates mitochondrial function and gene expression profile of MSCs. Increased serum value of osteocalcin complement increased gene expression of bone formation markers indicating a cross talk between fat derived MSCs and bone formation, post exercise.

1. The Effects of an Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Daily Activity Patterns

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of participation in an aerobic exercise intervention on daily activity occurring outside of the structured exercise sessions. Participants were randomized into one of the following 4 conditions: 1) No-exercise, 2) Low volume, low intensity exercise (LVLI), 3) High volume, low intensity exercise (HVLI), 4) Low volume, high intensity (LVHI). Physical activity was measured over 7 days with an accelerometer at baseline and during week 8 of the intervention. Activity was defined as: sedentary behaviour (SED; < 100 counts/minute), light physical activity (LPA; 100 to 1951 counts/minute), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; ≥1952 counts/minute), and total physical activity (TPA; LPA + MVPA). Activity was quantified as average total minutes per day of each SED, LPA, MVPA, and TPA. A one-way ANOVA was used to determine if time spent in SED, LPA, MVPA, and TPA changed from baseline to week 8. Seventy-one participants (No-exercise; n=12, LVLI n=17, HVLI n=24, LVHI; n=18,) with a mean age of 54 y and waist circumference of 110 cm completed 8 weeks of the intervention. There were no significant differences in SED, LPA, MVPA, or TPA between groups at baseline. There was no significant change in SED, LPA, MVPA, or TPA at week 8 compared to baseline (p>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in activity variables between exercise conditions. Our observations suggest that daily activity patterns do not change with the implementation of an exercise intervention in men and women.

Abstract P095: Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces Endothelin-1-mediated Vasoconstriction In Postmenopausal Women

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M Wenner ◽  
Caitlin Dow ◽  
Jared Greiner ◽  
Brian Stauffer ◽  
Christopher Desouza
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Vasodilator Response ◽  
Exercise Induced

Endothelin-1 (ET-1)-mediated vasoconstrictor tone is elevated in postmenopausal women (PMW), contributing to their increased cardiovascular risk. Although aerobic exercise is beneficial in reducing ET-1 system activity in men, it is unknown whether this favorable vascular effect is conferred in women. In fact, contrary to men, it is uncertain whether aerobic exercise training improves endothelial dysfunction in PMW. We tested the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training reduces ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction in PMW. We further hypothesized reductions in ET-1 vasoconstrictor tone underly exercise-induced improvements in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in PMW. Methods: Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intra-arterial infusion of selective ET A receptor blockade (BQ-123, 100 nmol/min for 60 min), acetylcholine (4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 μg/100 mL tissue/min) in the absence and presence of ET A receptor blockade and sodium nitroprusside (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/100 mL tissue/min) were determined before and after a 12-week aerobic exercise training intervention in 20 healthy, sedentary PMW (56 + 1 yr). Results: All 20 PMW completed the exercise intervention, walking an average of 4.9 + 0.1 d/wk for 50 + 2 min/d at 71 + 1% of maximal heart rate. After the exercise intervention, BQ-123 elicited no significant change in resting FBF in the previously sedentary PMW compared with significant vasodilation (~25%) before exercise. FBF responses to acetylcholine were markedly higher (~25%; P<0.05) after (from 4.3 + 0.3 to 13.8 + 0.8 mL/100 ml tissue/min) vs before (from 4.1 + 0.2 to 11.3 + 0.8 mL/100 ml tissue/min) exercise training. Moreover, before exercise training the co-infusion of BQ-123 with acetylcholine enhanced (~25%; P<0.05) the vasodilator response (from 4.3 + 0.3 to 13.7 + 0.7 mL/100 mL tissue/min) compared with acetylcholine alone; after exercise training, the presence of BQ-123 did not significantly affect the vasodilator response to acetylcholine. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that aerobic exercise training reduces ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction in PMW. Furthermore, decreased ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction is an important mechanism underlying aerobic exercise-induced improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in PMW.

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