The Impact of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on Ethnic Stratification in Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Whatley ◽  
Rob Gillezeau
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Ethnic Heterogeneity ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Ethnic Boundaries ◽  
Ethnic Stratification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reversal Of Fortune

In the last 15 years, economists and economic historians have argued that Africa has undergone a “reversal of fortune” and that ethnic fragmentation is a significant cause of Africa's underdevelopment. In this article, we join these narratives by arguing that the transatlantic slave trade increased the degree of ethnic heterogeneity in Africa today. Using both correlational and causal instrumental variables analysis, we find an economically and statistically significant positive relationship between slave exports and ethnic heterogeneity. This relationship is robust to changes in the scheme for drawing ethnic boundaries and the choice of observational unit.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Business Strategy Implementation of Vietnam Garment Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Hoang Viet Nguyen ◽  
Duc Nhuan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the impact of factors affecting on business strategy implementation of Vietnam garment companies. A total of 192 questionnaires were administered to respondents chosen from 82 Vietnam garment companies. The findings indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between 05 factors: Strategy formulation-Human resources-Communication-Corporate culture-Organizational structure and business strategy implementation from the sample point of view.

scholarly journals The Impact of Participative Decision-Making on Organizational Commitment: A Study among Employees of Mobile Telecom Companies in Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Salah Sanad ◽  
Anitha S.
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Continuance Commitment ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mobile Telecom

Purpose: The study aimed at examining the relationship between participative decision-making and organizational commitment among employees working in mobile telecom companies in Yemen. Approach/Methodology/Design: This study is descriptive-analytical. The study population comprised the employees working at the four mobile telecom companies in Sana'a, Yemen's capital city (Yemen Mobile, Sabafon, MTN and Y-Telecom). One hundred twenty questionnaires were collected and were valid for the data analysis. Different statistical tools, including regression analysis and correlation coefficients, were applied, and data were analyzed using SPSS. Findings: The regression analysis output shows a significant positive relationship between participative decision-making and affective commitment (β = 0.48, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the regression analysis shows a significant positive relationship between participative decision making and continuance commitment (β = 0.59, p < 0.001). In addition, the significance of regression analysis tested using the regression coefficients shows a significant positive relationship between participative decision-making and normative commitment (β = 0.72, p < 0.001). Practical Implications: The study recommends that the companies managers need to motivate and inspire their employees to actively participate in the decision-making process to enhance their level of organizational commitment. Originality/value: The study presents evidence from a new setting where insufficient analysis has been performed to investigate the direct relationship between the variables tested.

scholarly journals Impact of enforcement and corporate governance attributes on performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
José Villanueva García ◽  
Maria Antonia García-Benau ◽  
Ana Zorio Grima
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Consolidated Financial Statements ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
Financial Scandals ◽  
The Impact

Since 2005, consolidated financial statements of European listed groups have been prepared according to IFRS. Nevertheless, the recent economic crisis on top of financial scandals has highlighted the role of oversight agencies and the importance of corporate governance. The purpose of this study is to look into the impact of corporate governance and the work of the Spanish Securities Exchange Commission (CNMV) on the performance of Spanish listed groups; as well as observing the links between enforcement actions and corporate governance. In a sample of 116 Spanish listed groups during the period 2005-2011 we have applied structural equations model (SEM) for hypothesis testing. The results obtained suggest there is a significant positive relationship between the corporate governance variables and company performance and a significant negative relationship between enforcement and performance. We also identify a significant positive relationship between enforcement action and corporate governance, which validates the theoretical model proposed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Debt Capacity on Firm’s Growth: (A Case Study of Selected Firms from Pharmaceutical Industry in Pakistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
IHTESHAM KHAN ◽  
SYED WAQAR AHMAD SHAH ◽  
ASAD KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Debt Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The ultimate goal of all activities within organizations is to achieve higher growth and finding new sources for mounting firm capital. This study aims to investigate debt capacity as the source of firm capital and its impact on firm’s growth. The objectives of this research to shows the relationship between market to book ratio and debt to asset ratio. Multiple liner regression is used between Growth and book leverage. By selected pharmaceutical sector that has been listed at Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan. In this research 8 companies are selected that are listed at Karachi Stock Exchange during the period of 2005-2014. In this paper secondary data is used. The result reveals a significant positive relationship between the debt to asset ratio and market to book ratio and debt to asset ratio. It displays that there is no negative effect of debt capacity on firm’s growth.

Building New Relationships

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-254
Author(s):  
Afaf Mubarak Bugawa ◽  
Noora Abdulla Janahi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

Given the current widespread popularity of social media, such as Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and many other applications, understanding users' attitudes and usage behavior of social media applications becomes a necessity in order to develop future placements of such technologies and increase the level of trust among the users. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to shed light on the impact of trustworthiness of social media on the intention to use it. Data is gathered through a quantitative method, in which a questionnaire is used as a primary data. A convenient sampling is applied, in which the most easily accessible managers and employees in Ministry of Interior in Bahrain are chosen. The results demonstrate that there is a significant positive relationship between trustworthiness and intention to use social media. The study recommends future works to study the impact of security awareness on the usage of social media in public sector in Bahrain.

Examining the Impact of Risk Tolerance and Risk Aversion on the Individual Financial Performance in the Kingdom of Bahrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Habil Slade Ogalo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

With growing tougher economic conditions, everyone is struggling to safeguard their financial assets and invest them carefully. However, there are certain unavoidable risk factors that every person should be aware of since they have a potential to influence individual`s financial stability. With this notion, the present study attempted to investigate how individual financial performance can be managed and enhanced. Therein, the study attempted to examine the role of risk tolerance and risk aversion factors in an individual towards its financial performance. Through sampling 450 white collar working professionals from retail and financial sectors in the kingdom of Bahrain, the present study found a significant positive relationship between risk tolerance and individual financial performance. Accordingly, the study also reported a significant positive relationship between risk aversion and financial performance. The study has contributed towards a very important topic particularly in an emerging economy like Bahrain. The study forwards implications for practice and scope for future studies based on the findings.

scholarly journals Determinants of financial performance of Islamic banks: an intellectual capital perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasawar Nawaz ◽  
Roszaini Haniffa
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Accounting Performance ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of intangible resources, i.e. intellectual capital (IC) on financial performance of 64 Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) operating in 18 different countries for the period 2007-2011, while controlling for firm-specific variables, namely, bank size, level of risk, listing status, and firm complexity. Design/methodology/approach The required data to calculate different constituents of IC are derived from Bankscope database. Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) methodology devised by Pulic is used to determine the impact of IC on financial performance of IFIs. Findings Results indicate a significant positive relationship between VAIC and accounting performance based on return on assets (ROA). The results further indicate a significant positive relationship between accounting performance and capital employed efficiency (CEE) and human capital efficiency (HCE), but no significant relationship with regards to structural capital efficiency. Overall, the results suggest that value creation capability of IFIs is highly influenced by HCE and CEE. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the present study lies in its methodological tool, the VAIC methodology, which has been criticized by some researchers as not really measuring IC. Despite the inherent limitation of the VAIC methodology which relies on secondary data published in annual reports, it is still considered by some researchers as one of the best available tool to measure firms’ IC in the absence of access to detailed internal information on IC. Practical implications The findings may serve as a useful input for Islamic bankers in managing their investments in IC within their institutions. Originality/value The main contribution of this paper is to use a previously little-studied area, Islamic banking and finance, to identify the effect of intellectual capital on performance.

The impact of financial management practices and competitive advantage on the loan performance of MFIs

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Korutaro Nkundabanyanga ◽  
Brendah Akankunda ◽  
Irene Nalukenge ◽  
Immaculate Tusiime
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of financial management practices and competitive advantage on loan performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study, the authors surveyed 70 MFIs in Kampala, Uganda. The authors applied principal component analysis to reduce the number of factors and identify the important elements that capture financial management practices, competitive advantage and loan performance of MFIs. The authors put forward and tested three hypotheses relating to the significance of the relationship between these three variables of MFIs using the statistical software package, SPSS and also apply the normal theory approach developed by Sobel (1982) and Baron and Kenny (1986) in testing the mediation by competitive advantage. Findings Robust financial management practices are associated with better loan performance of MFIs. Results also reveal a significant positive relationship between the competitive advantage of the MFIs and their loan performance. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship between competitive advantage and loan performance is found. Moreover results also show a full mediation effect of competitive advantage on the association of financial management practices and loan performance, implying that the association of financial management practices of the MFIs on their loan performance is entirely through their competitive advantage. Research limitations/implications Although there is plenty of literature on loan performance, financial management practices and competitive advantage, there is scarce literature on their effective conceptualization. This together with the imprecise definition of competitive advantage may have affected conceptualization of the authors study. Thus, in this study, the authors do not claim highly refined measurement concepts. Moreover, many of the extant studies for instance have measured loan performance quantitatively, yet process factors which are inherently qualitative in nature can better explain variances in loan performance concept. More research is therefore needed to better refine qualitative concepts used in this study. Practical implications Efforts by the MFIs management to improve loan performance must be matched with adoption of financial management practices that provide MFIs with sustained competitive advantage over their rivals. Originality/value In order to explain loan performance of MFIs, and drawing from social economics, management and accounting strands, this study shows that assessing the role of competitive advantage in the relationship between financial management practices and loan performance is imperative. Also, many of the extant studies have measured loan performance quantitatively, yet process factors or antecedents which are inherently qualitative in nature can better explain variances in loan performance concept. Thus this study calls for the refinement of loan performance concept and accounting for endogeneity.

scholarly journals Impact of democracy on literacy rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Md Arif Hosen ◽  
Sujan Chandra Paul ◽  
Md Harun Or Rosid
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of democracy indices on the literacy rate. Panel Data of 134 Countries from 2007-2018 were collected from the website the World Bank and Gapminder. This study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Pooled Ordinary Least Square (POLS), Driscoll-Kraay (DK), Second Stage Least Square (2SLS), Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) methods. This research has found that political participation index and political culture index has a significant positive relationship with literacy rate in all the method. The functioning of the government index has a significant positive relationship and electoral process and the pluralism index has a significant negative relationship with literacy rate in all the methods except the GMM method. The civil liberties index has a significant negative relationship with literacy rate in POLS and in the other models, there is no significant relationship between the civil liberties index and literacy rate.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study of the Impact of Intellectual Capital on the Financial Performance of Indian IT Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Ahmed Musa Khan
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Market Valuation ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The Impact

In the present scenario, intellectual capital has been established as an important corporate asset because conventional performance measurement techniques are incapable of measuring the intangible dimensions of corporate performance. It is a challenge, especially for knowledge driven firms, to measure the impact of intangibles on their financial performance. e main objective of this study is to show the impact of intellectual capital on the financial performance of the Indian IT sector. In order to conduct the study, the sample was drawn from the IT sector for which the sector index of BSE, namely the BSE IT,had been selected. In all,data from 51 companies from the Information Technology (IT) sector for the financial years ranging from 2006 to 2016 were taken. The data used in this study was extracted from the CMIE’s Prowess. The VAICTM was used to measure the intangibility of these firms. The results show thatonly the VAICTM had a significant positive association with profitability of the Indian IT sector, while it had an insignificant relationship with productivity and market valuation. The CEE had a significant positive relationship with productivity and profitability in the IT sector, while, in the case of market valuation, it had an insignificant impact. The HCE had aninsignificant impact on profitability and productivity, while, in the case of market valuation, it had a negative significant impact. The SCE had a significant positive association with market valuation only while it had an insignificant relationship with the productivity and profitability of the Indian IT sector.

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