scholarly journals The impact of cage ventilation on rats housed in IVC systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Krohn ◽  
Axel Kornerup Hansen ◽  
Nils Dragsted
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
The Impact

Today the use of individually ventilated cage systems (IVC systems) is common, especially for housing transgenic rodents. Typically, in each cage a ventilation rate of 40 to 50 air changes per hour is applied, but in some systems even up to 120 air changes per hour is applied. To reach this rate, the air is blown into the cage at a relatively high speed. However, at the animal's level most systems ventilate with an air speed of approximately 0.2 m/s. In the present paper, two studies were conducted, one analysing whether an air speed below 0.2 m/s or just above 0.5 m/s affects the rats, and another study analysing whether air changes of 50, 80 and 120 times per hour affect the rats. In both studies, monitoring of preferences as well as physiological parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure, was used to show the ability of the animals to register the different parameters and to avoid them if possible. Air speeds inside the cage of as high as 0.5 m/s could not be shown to affect the rats, while the number of air changes in each cage should be kept below 80 times per hour to avoid impacts on physiology (heart rate and systolic blood pressure). Also the rats prefer cages with air changes below 80 times per hour if they have the opportunity of choosing, as shown in the preference test.

Effects of self-contained breathing apparatus on ventricular function during strenuous exercise

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Nelson ◽  
Mark J. Haykowsky ◽  
Jonathan R. Mayne ◽  
Richard L. Jones ◽  
Stewart R. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Esophageal Pressure ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Breathing Apparatus

The purpose of this study was to investigate left-ventricular function during strenuous exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). With the use of two-dimensional echocardiography, images of the left ventricle (LV) were acquired during sustained exercise (3 × 10 min) under two conditions: 1) SCBA, or 2) low resistance breathing valve. Twenty healthy men volunteered for the study, and in each condition subjects wore fire protective equipment. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, cavity areas during systole and diastole (ESCA and EDCA, respectively), esophageal pressure, ventilation rate, oxygen consumption, perceived physical, thermal and respiratory distress, and core temperature were measured at regular intervals. Urine specific gravity (<1.020 g/ml) and hematological variables were used to infer hydration status. All subjects began both trials in a euhydrated state. No differences were found between conditions for heart rate, systolic blood pressure, ventilation rate, oxygen consumption, perceived distress, or any hematological variables. Peak expiratory esophageal pressure was always higher ( P < 0.05), while EDCA and stroke area (SA) were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) with the SCBA. ESCA, end-systolic transmural pressure (ESTMP), and LV contractility (ESTMP/ESCA) were similar between conditions. Sustained exercise with fire protective equipment resulted in significant reductions in EDCA, ESCA, and SA from the start of exercise, which was associated with a 6.3 ± 0.8% reduction in plasma volume, an increase in core temperature (37.0 ± 0.4 to 38.8 ± 0.3°C), and a significant increase in heart rate (146.9 ± 2.1 to 181.7 ± 2.4 beats/min) throughout exercise. The results from this study support research by others showing that increased intrathoracic pressure reduces LV preload (EDCA); however, the novelty of the present study is that when venous return is compromised by sustained exercise and heat stress, SA cannot be maintained.

The impact of low levels of carbon dioxide on rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Krohn ◽  
Axel Kornerup Hansen ◽  
Nils Dragsted
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minor Extent ◽  
Anaesthetic Effect

The widespread use of individually ventilated cage (IVC) systems today has made the impact of CO2 on rodents a highly important matter. Leaving cages from these systems without ventilation increases CO2 concentrations inside the cages, as CO2 generated from the animals is no longer removed actively. In modern IVC systems the CO2 levels may reach 3-5% within a very short time, as the cages are very tightly sealed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 1%, 3%, and 5% CO2 by studying the preferences of the animals as well as changes in the heart rate and systolic blood pressure as measured by telemetry. The rats avoided the cages, which contained 3% CO2. In the telemetric study an anaesthetic effect on the rats were seen at 3% as a drop in the heart rate, and at 5% CO2 a drop in the systolic blood pressure was also seen. The results from the present study could indicate that CO2 levels of up to 3% do not affect the animals, or at least only to a minor extent, but that if the animals are exposed to CO2 levels of higher than 3% they are affected directly as seen by changes in physiological parameters and preferences.

The Impact of Workload on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in En-Route and Tower Air Traffic Control

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Vogt ◽  
Tim Hagemann ◽  
Michael Kastner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports three studies on the application of ambulatory monitoring in air traffic control (ATC). The aim of the first study was to explore a set of psychophysiological measures with respect to ATC workload sensitivity and feasibility at the workplace. Nearly all physiological measures showed the expected changes during work. Significant positive correlations were found between cardiovascular responses and the number of aircraft under control, especially heavy, fast, climbing, and descending aircraft. The following en-route (Study 2) and tower (Study 3) simulations identified the relative impact of air traffic features. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, self-reported concentration, and upset were significantly higher in the simulations with 12 aircraft continuously under control compared to only 6. A high versus low number of potential conflicts between aircraft in the en-route setting (Study 2) also caused significant increases of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, self-reported concentration, and upset. On the basis of these results, a new workload model for air traffic controllers was suggested and implemented.

scholarly journals “AMPE” Exercise Programme Has Positive Effects on Anthropometric and Physiological Parameters of School Children: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOSES M. Omoniyi1 ◽  
AFIFA Daniel ◽  
ASAMOAH M. Anthony ◽  
SARPONG Priscilla ◽  
SARPONG Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
School Children ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Positive Effects

BACKGROUND: Projection of the effectiveness of house-hold physical activity may be a vital tool to improve active lifestyle. Although ampe is a common house-hold recreational physical activity among all population groups especially school children in Ghana, no empirical evidence of its effects on the anthropometric and physiological parameters of the children. This pilot study examined the effect of ampe exercise programme on the anthropometric and physiological parameters of school children.METHODS: Purposive and stratified sampling techniques were applied to recruit 78 school children (ages of 9 to 12, mean age of 10.65±0.94 years). The participants attended 40 minutes of ampe exercise program three times per week, for four weeks consecutively. Body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio; % body fat, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured prepost training.RESULTS: Ampe exercise programme produced positive effects on all parameters. Body weight (0.31%) and body mass index (0.58%) decreased significantly (P<0.05). Systolic blood pressure (3.15%), diastolic blood pressure (1.92%) and heart rate (2.13) significantly improved (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Ampe exercise programme is effective as paediatric obesity house-hold intervention to provide the impetus for active lifestyles of school children.

scholarly journals Association between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Arterial Stiffness in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3266
Author(s):  
Laura Willinger ◽  
Leon Brudy ◽  
Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz ◽  
Peter Ewert ◽  
Jan Müller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Objectively Measured

Background: The association between physical activity (PA) and arterial stiffness is particularly important in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who are at risk for arterial stiffening. The aim of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured PA and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with CHD. Methods: In 387 children and adolescents with various CHD (12.2 ± 3.3 years; 162 girls) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed with the “Garmin vivofit jr.” for 7 consecutive days. Arterial stiffness parameters including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) were non-invasively assessed by oscillometric measurement via Mobil-O-Graph®. Results: MVPA was not associated with PWV (ß = −0.025, p = 0.446) and cSBP (ß = −0.020, p = 0.552) in children with CHD after adjusting for age, sex, BMI z-score, peripheral systolic blood pressure, heart rate and hypertensive agents. Children with CHD were remarkably active with 80% of the study population reaching the WHO recommendation of average 60 min of MVPA per day. Arterial stiffness did not differ between low-active and high-active CHD group after adjusting for age, sex, BMI z-score, peripheral systolic blood pressure, heart rate and hypertensive agents (PWV: F = 0.530, p = 0.467; cSBP: F = 0.843, p = 0.359). Conclusion: In this active cohort, no association between PA and arterial stiffness was found. Longer exposure to the respective risk factors of physical inactivity might be necessary to determine an impact of PA on the vascular system.

scholarly journals FRI0618-HPR EFFECTS OF MUSIC THERAPY ON PAIN, ANXIETY, AND VITAL SIGNS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES PATIENTS DURING BIOLOGICAL DRUGS INFUSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 914.2-914
Author(s):  
S. Boussaid ◽  
M. Ben Majdouba ◽  
S. Jriri ◽  
M. Abbes ◽  
S. Jammali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Biological Therapies ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
The Mean

Background:Music therapy is based on ancient cross-cultural beliefs that music can have a “healing” effect on mind and body. Research determined that listening to music can increase comfort and relaxation, relieve pain, lower distress, reduce anxiety, improve positive emotions and mood, and decrease psychological symptoms. Music therapy has been used greatly in various medical procedures to reduce associated anxiety and pain. Patients have a high level of anxiety when they are in the hospital, this is the case of patients with rheumatic diseases who consult regularly to have intravenous infusion of biological therapies.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of music therapy on pain, anxiety, and vital signs among patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases during intravenous infusion of biological drugs.Methods:Fifty patients were divided into two groups: The experimental group G1 (n=25) received drug infusion while lestening to soft music (30 minutes); and the control group G2 (n=25) received only drug infusion. Measures include pain, anxiety, vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate). The pain was measured using visual analogic scale (VAS). The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used for measuring anxiety, low anxiety ranges from 20 to 39, the moderate anxiety ranges from 40 to 59, and high anxiety ranges from 60 to 80. Vital signs (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], heart rate [HR], and respiratory rate [RR]) were measured before, during and immediately after the infusion.Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis.Results:The mean age in G1 was 44.45 years (26-72) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.8. Including the 25 patients, 12 had rheumatoid arthritis, 10 had ankylosing spondylitis and 3 had psoriatic arthritis. The mean disease duration was 8 years. In G2, the mean age was 46 years (25-70) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.75, 12 had rheumatoid arthritis, 11 had ankylosing spondylitis and 2 had psoriatic arthritis. The mean disease duration was 7.5 years. The biological drugs used were: Infliximab in 30 cases, Tocilizumab in 12 cases and Rituximab in 8 cases.Before the infusion, the patients of experimental group had a mean VAS of 5/10±3, a mean STAI of 50.62±6.01, a mean SBP of 13.6 cmHg±1.4, a mean DBP of 8.6 cmHg±1, a mean HR of 85±10 and a mean RR of 18±3. While in control group the mean VAS was 5.5±2, the mean STAI was 50.89±5.5, the mean SBP was 13.4±1.2, the mean DBP was 8.8±1.1, the mean HR was 82±8 and the mean RR was 19±2.During the infusion and after music intervention in G1, the mean STAI became 38.35±5 in G1 versus 46.7±5.2 in G2 (p value=0.022), the mean SBP became 12.1±0.5 in G1 versus 13±1 in G2 (p=0.035), the mean DBP became 8.1±0.8 in G1 versus 8.4±0.9 in G2 (p=0.4), the mean HR became 76±9 in G1 versus 78±7 in G2 (p=0.04) and the mean RR became 17.3±2.1 in G1 versus 18.2±1.7 in G2 (p=0.39).This study found a statistically significant decrease in anxiety, systolic blood pressure and heart rate in patients receiving music interventions during biological therapies infusion, but no significant difference were identified in diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate.Conclusion:The findings provide further evidence to support the use of music therapy to reduce anxiety, and lower systolic blood pressure and heart rate in patients with rheumatic disease during biological therapies infusion.References:[1] Lin, C., Hwang, S., Jiang, P., & Hsiung, N. (2019).Effect of Music Therapy on Pain After Orthopedic Surgery -A Systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Practice.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Modifying effects of the R389G β1-adrenoceptor polymorphism on resting heart rate and blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea

2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Börgel ◽  
Tino Schulz ◽  
Nina K. Bartels ◽  
Jörg T. Epplen ◽  
Nikolaus Büchner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Cpap Therapy ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

OSA (obstructive sleep apnoea) stimulates sympathetic nervous activity and elevates resting HR (heart rate) and BP (blood pressure). In the present study in a cohort of 309 untreated OSA patients, the resting HR and BP during the daytime were correlated with AHI (apnoea/hypopnea index) and compared with patients with R389R (n=162), R389G (n=125) and G389G (n=22) genotypes of the β1-adrenoreceptor R389G polymorphism. We analysed the impact of the genotype on the decline of HR and BP in a subgroup of 148 patients (R389R, n=86; R389G, n=54; G389G, n=8) during a 6-month follow-up period under CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) therapy during which cardiovascular medication remained unchanged. In untreated OSA patients, we found an independent relationship between AHI and resting HR (β=0.096, P<0.001), systolic BP (β=0.09, P=0.021) and diastolic BP (β=0.059, P=0.016). The resting HR/BP, however, did not differ among carriers with the R389R, R389G and G389G genotypes. CPAP therapy significantly reduced HR [−2.5 (−1.1 to −4.0) beats/min; values are mean difference (95% confidence intervals)] and diastolic BP [−3.2 (−1.5 to −5.0) mmHg]. The decline in HR was more significantly pronounced in the R389R group compared with the Gly389 carriers [−4.1 (−2.3 to −5.9) beats/min (P<0.001) compared with −0.2 (2.1 to −2.6) beats/min (P=0.854) respectively; Student's t test between groups, P=0.008]. Diastolic BP was decreased significantly (P<0.001) only in Gly389 carriers (R389G or G389G) compared with R389R carriers [−5.0 (−2.3 to −7.6) mmHg compared with −2.0 (0.4 to −4.3) mmHg respectively]. ANOVA revealed a significant difference (P=0.023) in HR reduction between the three genotypes [−4.1 (±8.4) beats/min for R389R, −0.5 (±9.3) beats/min for R389G and +1.9 (±7.2) beats/min for G389G]. In conclusion, although the R389G polymorphism of the β1-adrenoceptor gene did not influence resting HR or BP in untreated OSA patients, it may modify the beneficial effects of CPAP therapy on these parameters.

Cardiovascular Responding during Anger and Fear Imagery

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Roberts ◽  
Theodore C. Weerts
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Scene Change ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
Analysis Of Change ◽  
Screening Interview

This study was designed to determine if visualization of anger- and fear-provoking scenes produced differential physiological patterns similar to those produced by in vivo manipulations. Normotensive college students were selected on the basis of their responses to newly developed Anger and Fear/Anxiety questionnaires and for their ability to construct arousing scenes during a screening interview. In a 2 × 2 design (intensity × emotion), four scenes (high and low anger, high and low fear) were constructed individually for each of 16 subjects to imagine. Diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate were monitored during visualization of each scene. Change in diastolic blood pressure was significantly greater for high anger than for high fear as predicted. Analysis of change in heart rate and systolic blood pressure showed significant effects for intensity only. These results provide further support for the concept of physiological differentiation in human emotion and suggest the utility of imagery for systematic study of human emotional responding.

Haemodynamic responses to psychosocial stress during the menstrual cycle

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Manhem ◽  
Christina Jern ◽  
Martin Pilhall ◽  
Guy Shanks ◽  
Sverker Jern
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations

1. The haemodynamic effects of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle were examined in 11 normotensive women (age 20–46 years). The subjects were studied on days 2–8 (follicular phase) and days 18–26 (luteal phase) in a randomized order. A standardized mental stress test and a 24 h recording of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate were performed. 2. Pre-stress resting levels of heart rate and blood pressure were similar during the two phases of the menstrual cycle. 3. During mental stress, the heart rate response was significantly greater during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase (14.7 versus 9.7 beats/min; P < 0.05). 4. Blood pressure, plasma catecholamine concentrations and subjective stress experience increased significantly in response to stress, without any significant differences between the two phases. 5. During 24 h ambulatory monitoring, higher levels of systolic blood pressure and heart rate were observed in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase (P < 0.005 and P < 0.0001, respectively). 6. These data indicate that cyclic variations in female sex hormones not only affect systolic blood pressure and heart rate, but also alter the haemodynamic responses to psychosocial stress.

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