Quantifying Internal Load in Pre-Professional Contemporary Dancers: The Association Between Objective Heart-Rate Derived Outcome Measures and Subjective Dancers’ and Teachers’ Perceptions

Background: Monitoring heart rate is one of the most common methods used to quantify internal training load (ITL) in athletes. The aim of this study was to determine whether subjective measurements can be used as a simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive method for assessing ITL in pre-professional contemporary dancers.Method: A total of 16 first-year contemporary dance students participated in this study. Students wore heart rate monitors during 56 training sessions. After each session, students completed the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale and teachers completed the rate of observed exertion (ROE) scale. For each session, we calculated the session-RPEs (sRPE), session-ROEs (sROE), and heart-rate-derived ITLs [i.e., Banister TRaining IMPulse method (TRIMP) and Edwards TRIMP]. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the association between sRPE, sROE, Banister TRIMP, and Edwards TRIMP.Results: Between-individual correlation between Banister TRIMP and subjective dancers’ (sRPE) and teachers’ perceptions (sROE) were moderate (r = .49, p < 0.01) to large (r = .57, p < 0.01). Between-individual correlations between Edwards TRIMP and the subjective perceptions (sRPE and sROE) were very large (r = .74, p < 0.01; and r = .79, p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant large (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) to almost perfect (r = 0.93, p < 0.01) within-individual correlation between the sRPE and the two measured TRIMP methods. There was a statistically significant small (r = .29, p < 0.01) to almost perfect (r = .92, p < 0.01) within-individual correlation between the sROE and the two measured TRIMP methods. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the sRPE is a simple, non-invasive, inexpensive, and valid method for quantifying ITL in pre-professional dancers.

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Relationship between Invasive and Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Measures in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573398x16666200516180118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

Vicente Benavides-Córdoba ◽

Mauricio Palacios Gómez

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Right Ventricle ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Systolic Pressure ◽

Control Group ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Non Invasive

Introduction: Animal models have been used to understand the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, to describe the mechanisms of action and to evaluate promising active ingredients. The monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model is the most used animal model. In this model, invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic variables that resemble human measurements have been used. Aim: To define if non-invasive variables can predict hemodynamic measures in the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model. Materials and Methods: Twenty 6-week old male Wistar rats weighing between 250-300g from the bioterium of the Universidad del Valle (Cali - Colombia) were used in order to establish that the relationships between invasive and non-invasive variables are sustained in different conditions (healthy, hypertrophy and treated). The animals were organized into three groups, a control group who was given 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously (sc), a group with pulmonary hypertension induced with a single subcutaneous dose of Monocrotaline 30 mg/kg, and a group with pulmonary hypertension with 30 mg/kg of monocrotaline treated with Sildenafil. Right ventricle ejection fraction, heart rate, right ventricle systolic pressure and the extent of hypertrophy were measured. The functional relation between any two variables was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: It was found that all correlations were statistically significant (p <0.01). The strongest correlation was the inverse one between the RVEF and the Fulton index (r = -0.82). The Fulton index also had a strong correlation with the RVSP (r = 0.79). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the RVEF and the RVSP was -0.81, meaning that the higher the systolic pressure in the right ventricle, the lower the ejection fraction value. Heart rate was significantly correlated to the other three variables studied, although with relatively low correlation. Conclusion: The correlations obtained in this study indicate that the parameters evaluated in the research related to experimental pulmonary hypertension correlate adequately and that the measurements that are currently made are adequate and consistent with each other, that is, they have good predictive capacity.

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Training Characteristics of Male and Female Professional Road Cyclists: A 4-Year Retrospective Analysis

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 534-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Teun van Erp ◽

Dajo Sanders ◽

Jos J. de Koning

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Load ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Intensity ◽

Male And Female ◽

Stress Score ◽

Training Stress ◽

Training Impulse

Purpose: To describe the training intensity and load characteristics of professional cyclists using a 4-year retrospective analysis. Particularly, this study aimed to describe the differences in training characteristics between men and women professional cyclists. Method: For 4 consecutive years, training data were collected from 20 male and 10 female professional cyclists. From those training sessions, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and power output (PO) were analyzed. Training intensity distribution as time spent in different heart rate and PO zones was quantified. Training load was calculated using different metrics such as Training Stress Score, training impulse, and session rating of perceived exertion. Standardized effect size is reported as Cohen’s d. Results: Small to large higher values were observed for distance, duration, kilojoules spent, and (relative) mean PO in men’s training (d = 0.44–1.98). Furthermore, men spent more time in low-intensity zones (ie, zones 1 and 2) compared with women. Trivial differences in training load (ie, Training Stress Score and training impulse) were observed between men’s and women’s training (d = 0.07–0.12). However, load values expressed per kilometer were moderately (d = 0.67–0.76) higher in women compared with men’s training. Conclusions: Substantial differences in training characteristics exist between male and female professional cyclists. Particularly, it seems that female professional cyclists compensate their lower training volume, with a higher training intensity, in comparison with male professional cyclists.

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The Relationships between Internal and External Load Measures for Division I College Football Practice

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports8120165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Eric J. Sobolewski

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

External Load ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

American Football ◽

Division I ◽

Football Players ◽

Internal Load ◽

Total Distance ◽

Meaningful Relationships ◽

Training Impulse

The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between internal and external load measures in American football. Thirty football players wore a portable integrated monitor unit for 10 weeks during the fall football season. Relationships between internal and external load measurements were determined. Internal load consisted of heart rate zones and heart rate-derived measures and session Ratings of Perceived Exertion (sRPE). External load consisted of distance in different speed zones, total distance traveled, and accelerations. There were many significant positive relationships, but the meaningful relationships (r > 0.5) were between heart rate-derived measures of load (Training Impulse and heart rate reserve) and low-intensity movement and total distance. Only accelerations between 1 and 1.99 m·s−2 were moderately correlated to heart rate-derived internal load. RPE values alone did not correlate strong enough with any of the measure but sRPE training load (sRPE-TL) correlated to most external values. Overall, moderate correlations were present between heart rate-derived internal load to total distance and lower intensity movement. sRPE-TL values had high correlations but were highly dependent on duration, not perceived exertion. When addressing load in American football, duration of the session is a key component in determining internal load as HR data and sRPE alone do not correlate highly with external loads.

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Quantifying Training Loads in Contemporary Dance

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2016-0159 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 796-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Annie C. Jeffries ◽

Lee Wallace ◽

Aaron J. Coutts

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Load ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Contemporary Dance ◽

Related Factors ◽

Dance Training ◽

Metabolic Equivalents

Purpose:To describe the training demands of contemporary dance and determine the validity of using the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) to monitor exercise intensity and training load in this activity. In addition, the authors examined the contribution of training (ie, accelerometry and heart rate) and non-training-related factors (ie, sleep and wellness) to perceived exertion during dance training.Methods:Training load and ActiGraphy for 16 elite amateur contemporary dancers were collected during a 49-d period, using heart-rate monitors, accelerometry, and sRPE. Within-individual correlation analysis was used to determine relationships between sRPE and several other measures of training intensity and load. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to determine a predictive equation to estimate sRPE during dance training.Results:Average weekly training load was 4283 ± 2442 arbitrary units (AU), monotony 2.13 ± 0.92 AU, strain 10677 ± 9438 AU, and average weekly vector magnitude load 1809,707 ± 1015,402 AU. There were large to very large within-individual correlations between training-load sRPE and various other internal and external measures of intensity and load. The stepwise multiple-regression analysis also revealed that 49.7% of the adjusted variance in training-load sRPE was explained by peak heart rate, metabolic equivalents, soreness, motivation, and sleep quality (y = –4.637 + 13.817%HRpeak + 0.316 METS + 0.100 soreness + 0.116 motivation – 0.204 sleep quality).Conclusion:The current findings demonstrate the validity of the sRPE method for quantifying training load in dance, that dancers undertake very high training loads, and a combination of training and nontraining factors contribute to perceived exertion in dance training.

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Relationship of Heart Rate, Perceived Exertion, and Intra-Abdominal Pressure in Women

Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology ◽

10.31189/2165-6193-9.3.97 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 97-103

Author(s):

Ali E. Wolpern ◽

Johanna D. de Gennaro ◽

Timothy A. Brusseau ◽

Wonwoo Byun ◽

Marlene J. Egger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Pelvic Floor ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Incremental Exercise ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Future Research ◽

Abdominal Pressure ◽

Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Background: Exercise increases intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) acutely, which may impact the pelvic floor of women. IAP during exercise demonstrates high variability among women but is not routinely assessed. Assessing less invasive measures related to IAP during exercise may facilitate study of how IAP impacts the pelvic floor. Methods: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) with IAP during a standard treadmill test. We describe the trend of IAP by predicted aerobic fitness during incremental exercise. IAP was measured using a validated transducer placed in the upper vagina. Heart rate and RPE were collected during the first 3 stages of the standard Bruce treadmill protocol. Relationships of heart rate and RPE with IAP were determined by Pearson correlation coefficients. Predicted aerobic fitness values for each participant were ranked in tertiles with IAP by treadmill stage. Results: Twenty-four women participated in this study (mean age: 24.7 ± 5.4 years; body mass index: 22.5 ± 2.2 kg·m−2). There were significant relationships between heart rate and IAP (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) and RPE and IAP (r = 0.60, P < 0.001) across treadmill stages. Tertiles of predicted aerobic fitness and IAP displayed similar trends as other exercise measures such as heart rate and ventilation during incremental exercise. Conclusion: Heart rate and RPE could be used as proxy measures of IAP during incremental exercise. Aerobic fitness may help explain IAP variability in women and provide context for future research on IAP and pelvic floor health.

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Acupuncture on Lactate, Perceived Exertion in Recreational Athletes Submitted to HIIT

10.20944/preprints202008.0034.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Soares Pernambuco ◽

Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale ◽

João Rafael Valentim-Silva ◽

Carlos Alberto de Souza Filho ◽

Vinicius do Espirito Santo de Jesus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Acupuncture Points ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Recreational Athletes ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Activity Intensity ◽

Lactate Levels

Studies have demonstrated the positive effects of acupuncture on athletic performance. The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of acupuncture on heart rate, the perceived exertion scale and lactate levels in recreational athletes. Fifteen competitive males engaged in HIIT. The characteristic was 29.86±2.51 years old, heart rate reserve 59.00±3.33, lactate 3.17±0.50 mM/DL. The subjects were submitted to two exercise sessions. Both training sessions consisted of 10 burpees, 12 thrusters and 14 box jumps (75 cm high) for 12 minutes. Activity intensity was between 85 and 95% of maximum heart rate. Acupuncture points: ST36, L3, LI11. The student’s t-test was adopted, Shapiro-Wilk test was applied for normality, and Pearson correlation. There was a positive correlation of r = 0.69 between lactate levels and heart rate. Lactate: Lac1 15.00±1.18 – Lac2 19.59± 1.46 p= 0.0001*; Heart 1rate: HRF 163.71±7.27 – HRF2 177.60±6.99 p=0.0001*; Blood pressure: SBP1 174.86±1.57 – SBP2 180.86±1.77 p= 0.0001*; PES1: 19.4±1.14; PES2 16.8±0.84 p= 0.0001*; weight1 – 182,57±12,05; weight 2 206,43±11,39 p=0.0325*. Acupuncture increased lactate accumulation, heart rate and blood pressure, suggesting that the exertion reached after acupuncture is higher than without acupuncture. The acupuncture technics improved the athlete performance.

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The relationship between movement behavior, musculoskeletal discomfort, and cardiometabolic measures among sedentary office workers

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181321651149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 1240-1242

Author(s):

Nguyen Athena ◽

Arippa Federico ◽

Pau Massimiliano ◽

Harris Adamson Carisa

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Office Workers ◽

Movement Behavior ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Musculoskeletal Discomfort ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Steps Per Day ◽

Positive Correlations

Background: Sedentary behavior is associated with musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) and especially prevalent in office workers. Objective: This cross-sectional analysis examined postures and activities of office workers to determine whether there were associations between posture/activity levels, MSD, and cardiometabolic measures. Methods: Participants completed baseline questionnaires, wore an inertial measuring unit, blood pressure cuff, and heart rate monitor to quantify posture, physical activity, and cardiometabolic measures. The relationships among posture/activity, MSD, and cardiometabolic data were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: There were weak to moderate negative correlations between steps per day, hours spent standing, and hours spent walking and MSD. Weak to moderate positive correlations existed between time spent sitting, transitions, and MSD, yet there were moderate correlations between the number of transitions and measures of heart rate. Conclusion: Future interventions should take into consideration comprehensive approaches to decrease sedentary time throughout the day and maximize worker health.

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Abstract 237: Using the Thoracic Impedance to Predict Measures From Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure in Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.140.suppl_2.237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Andoni Elola ◽

Elisabete Aramendi ◽

Unai Irusta ◽

Per-Olav Berve ◽

Fredrik K Arnwald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Invasive Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Detection ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Test Sets ◽

Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background: During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), pulse detection can be challenging. Invasive blood pressure measurements (IBP) can help monitoring patient hemodynamics, but arterial catheter placement is difficult. Transthoracic impedance (TI) measured between the defibrillator pads can detect circulation activity. We hypothesized that TI changes can predict the corresponding IBP, and potentially be used to non-invasively detect pulse during CPR. Materials and methods: We included 28 out of hospital cardiac arrest patients receiving CPR by the Oslo Emergency Service who had concurrent recordings of IBP (radial artery, BD, 20G, US) and TI (via defibrillator pads, LP15, Stryker, US). 5-second segments with stable and CPR artefact free signals were extracted (Figure). The circulation component of the TI signal (Figure, red line) was extracted using a Kalman smoother. Ten waveform features were computed per segment and fed into a random forest regressor to predict systolic and diastolic arterial pressures (SAP, DAP), their difference (DifAP) and area of the IBP signal (ArAP). Pearson correlation coefficients between the regression model and the IBP metrics were computed. Data were divided by patient into training/test sets to fit and evaluate the model, respectively, and the process was repeated 500 times. Results: 235 minutes (2261 segments) were extracted with median (Q1-Q3) values of 71.3(39.2-88.1) mmHg for SAP, 44.2(30.0-50.0) mmHg for DAP, 25.6(7.1-38.8) mmHg for DifAP and 63.4(17.0-85.9) mmHg*sec for ArAP. The correlation coefficients between TI-predicted and IBP-measured SAP, DAP, DifAP and ArAP were 0.62 (0.49-0.72), 0.36 (0.22-0.49), 0.69 (0.57-0.76) and 0.64 (0.50-0.73), respectively. Conclusions: Different hemodynamic phases can be observed in both TI and IBP (Figure). TI-based predictions showed good correlation with IBP measures. This could lead to new non-invasive methods to monitor different phases of circulation based on the TI.

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Abstract 128: RNA-seq Based Non-Invasive Endovascular Biopsy of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ethan Winkler ◽

David McCoy ◽

Zhengda Sun ◽

Daniel Cooke

Keyword(s):

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Detachable Coil ◽

Illumina Hiseq ◽

Non Invasive

Introduction: To-date, there is no accurate means to identify which bAVMs will bleed and treatment remains controversial. Hypothesis: We developed an endovascular biopsy (EB) technique to isolate endothelial cells (ECs) from bAVMs in patients. We hypothesized this technique would allow RNA-seq analysis of relevant bAVM-related molecular pathways. Methods: EB was performed during angiography for bAVM patients undergoing resection. Cells were obtained from a bAVM juxta-nidal feeding artery and iliac artery (control) with a detachable coil and 0.035 inch wire. ECs were isolated with fluorescence assisted cell sorting (FACS). bAVM tissue was obtained from surgery, dissociated and underwent FACS sorting. Total RNA extraction and library preparation was performed, and samples sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencer. Reads were aligned with Kallisto, and differentially expressed genes identified between bAVM and control with Sleuth using likelihood ratio tests. Correlations between EB and resected tissues were calculated with Pearson correlation coefficients. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used to assess for cell clustering. Results: EB was performed in 4 patients without complication or adverse event. PCA showed separation of bAVM ECs from controls. Analysis demonstrated 106 differentially expressed genes (FDR p ≤ 0.05). KEGG pathway analysis on these genes revealed enrichment in bAVM-related RAS/MAPK cell signaling functionally related to trophic factor, chemokine and gap junction signaling pathways. Detected genes were strongly correlated between EB and ECs isolated from resected tissues (R 2 = 0.77 for artery, nidus, and vein tissue). Results shown in Figure 1 . Conclusions: EB is a safe technique to permit non-invasive sequencing of bAVMs. These results implicate dysregulated KRAS/MAPK signaling in adult bAVMs. Whether this technique will allow for better natural history prediction or targeted medical therapies requires future study.

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Internal Load of Female Varsity Ice Hockey Players During Training and Games During a Season

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1555-3484 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Lynne Bigg ◽

Alexander Shand Davis Gamble ◽

Lawrence L. Spriet

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Strong Correlation ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Ice Hockey ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Internal Load ◽

Hockey Players ◽

Training Impulse

AbstractThis study quantified internal load, using sessional rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and heart-rate derived training impulse (TRIMP), of female varsity ice hockey players throughout a season. Twenty-four female (19.8±1.4 yr, 68.0±6.9 kg) varsity ice hockey players participated in this prospective cohort study. Internal load was captured using sRPE and TRIMP for each on-ice session. Internal load was significantly higher (p<0.05) for games (sRPE: 324±202 AU, TRIMP: 95±60 AU) compared to training (sRPE: 248±120 AU, TRIMP: 68±32 AU). Overall, goalies had a higher internal load than forwards (sRPE and TRIMP) and defence (TRIMP), with no differences between forwards and defence. Micro-cycle periodization was present, with training sessions several days prior to game days having the highest internal load (sRPE and TRIMP) and tapering down as subsequent training sessions approached game day. For the meso-cycle assessment, for both training and competition combined, the post-season sRPE was greater than the pre-season (p=0.002) and regular season (p<0.001). Lastly, the association between sRPE and TRIMP, revealed a large, statistically significant relationship (r=0.592, p<0.001). Internal load was greater during competitions, training sessions and subsequent internal loads suggested prioritization around game days, the post-season phase demanded the highest internal load and there was a strong correlation between sRPE and TRIMP.

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