Προβιοτικές και τεχνολογικές ιδιότητες οξυγαλακτικών βακτηρίων. In vitro και in vivo επίδραση στο ελικοβακτήριο του πυλωρού

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Πέτρος-Αχιλλέας Μαραγκουδάκης
Keyword(s):  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Σκοπός: Ο σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν η εξέταση του προβιοτικού δυναμικού στελεχών οξυγαλακτικών βακτηρίων μέσω μίας σειράς in vitro δοκιμών, και της μετέπειτα εφαρμογής επιλεγμένων στελεχών σε in vivo μοντέλα ποντικών έναντι της λοίμωξης του Η. pylori και της ελκώδους κολίτιδας, αλλά και σε τεχνολογικό επίπεδο στην παρασκευή γιαουρτιού.Υλικά και μέθοδοι: Στη διατριβή αυτή μελετήθηκαν 51 στελέχη Lactobacillus του Εργαστηρίου Γαλακτοκομίας του Γεωπονικού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, απομονωμένα κυρίως από γαλακτοκομικά προϊόντα και κόπρανα προβάτων, καθώς και 22 στελέχη Enterococcus και Streptococcus, απομονωμένα από κόπρανα προβάτων. Τα στελέχη αυτά εξετάστηκαν σε μία σειρά in vitro δοκιμών που αφορούν την επιβίωσή τους σε συνθήκες εξομοίωσης του ανθρώπινου γαστρεντερικού συστήματος, οι οποίες περιελάμβαναν επιβίωση σε χαμηλό pH, επιβίωση παρουσία των πρωτεολυτικών ενζύμων πεψίνη και παγκρεατίνη, και επιβίωση παρουσία χολικών αλάτων.Στην συνέχεια τα στελέχη εξετάστηκαν σε δοκιμές βασικές για την ασφάλεια χρήσης τους στον ανθρώπινο οργανισμό. "Ολα τα στελέχη δοκιμάστηκαν ως προς την αιμολυτική τους δραστικότητα, και τα στελέχη γαλακτοβακίλλων συγκεκριμένα για την ανθεκτικότητά τους έναντι επιλεγμένων αντιβιοτικών.Παράλληλα, εξετάστηκαν in vitro βασικές ιδιότητες που θεωρούνται επιθυμητές για τα προβιοτικά στελέχη, όπως υδρόλυση των χολικών αλάτων, μελέτη της υδροφοβίας και της ικανότητας πρόσδεσης των γαλακτοβακίλλων σε κύτταρα Caco-2, ικανότητά διέγερσης κυττάρων του ανθρώπινου οργανισμού (PBMCs), καθώς και μελέτη της αντιμικροβιακής δράσης έναντι παθογόνων βακτηρίων και της δυνατότητάς αναστολής της πρόσδεσης παθογόνων σε κύτταρα Caco-2.Στην συνέχεια πραγματοποιήθηκαν in vivo μελέτες σε ποντίκια, για την εξακρίβωση του προβιοτικού χαρακτήρα επιλεγμένων στελεχών. Τα στελέχη L. casei Shirota ACA-DC 6002 και L. paracasei subsp. tolerans ACA-DC 4037 χορηγήθηκαν σε ποντίκια επιμολυσμένα με Η. pylori και αξιολογήθηκε η επίδραση των γαλακτοβακίλλων αυτών στον αποικισμό του παθογόνου και στην αξιολόγηση του βαθμού και της δραστικότητας στο στομάχι. Επίσης, τα στελέχη αυτά χρησιμοποιήθηκαν και για την πρόληψη TNBS- κολίτιδας σε ποντίκια.Τέλος, επιλεγμένα στελέχη γαλακτοβακίλλων αξιολογήθηκαν για την τεχνολογική τους εφαρμογή, μελετώντας την ικανότητά οξίνϊσης του γάλακτος και τη χρήση τους ως καλλιέργειες για την παρασκευή γιαούρτηςΑποτελέσματα: Ορισμένα στελέχη βρέθηκαν να έχουν ικανοποιητική επιβίωση σε συνθήκες εξομοίωσης του ανθρώπινου πεπτικού συστήματος. Κανένα στέλεχος δεν βρέθηκε να έχει ισχυρή (β-) αιμολυτική δράση, ενώ η αντοχή των γαλακτοβακίλλων έναντι επιλεγμένων αντιβιοτικών δεν παρουσιάστηκε διαφορετική από την έμφυτη και αναμενόμενη, ανάλογα το είδος των εξεταζόμενων γαλακτοβακίλλων, ενώ αρκετά στελέχη παρουσίασαν ικανότητα υδρόλυσης χολικών αλάτων. Τα στελέχη παρουσίασαν ποικιλόμορφη πρόσδεση στους οργανικούς διαλύτες, αλλά γενικά τα περισσότερα στελέχη δεν παρουσίασαν μεγάλη υδροφοβία, ενώ αρκετά στελέχη γαλακτοβακίλλων παρουσίασαν ικανοποιητική πρόσδεση σε κύτταρα Caco-2 (>5%), με το στέλεχος L. plantarum ACA-DC 146 (25% πρόσδεση) να ξεχωρίζει. Το ίδιο στέλεχος, μαζί με το L. paracasei subsp. tolerans ACA-DC 4037 βρέθηκαν να προκαλούν την έκκριση υψηλών επιπέδων φλεγμονωδών κυτταροκινών (IL-12, TNF-α και IFN-γ) από PBMCs, ενώ αντίθετα το στέλεχος L. casei Shirota ACA-DC 6002 προκάλεσε την έκκριση της αντιφλεγμονώδους κυτταροκίνης IL-10. Παρόλο που κανένα από τα υπερκείμενα των στελεχών δεν παρεμπόδισε τα στελέχη E. coli, S. typhimurium και Η. pylori, ορισμένα στελέχη, όπως τα L. casei Shirota, L. plantarum ACA-DC 146 και L. paracasei subsp. tolerans ACA-DC 4037 προκάλεσαν την αναστολή της πρόσδεσης εντερικών παθογόνων (E. coli και S. typhimurium) σε κύτταρα Caco-2 σε επίπεδα μέχρι και 50%.In vivo, η χορήγηση του L. casei Shirota ACA-DC 6002 σε ποντίκια οδήγησε στην μείωση του βαθμού και της δραστικότητας της γαστρίτιδας αλλά και στον αποικισμό του Η. pylori. Παρόμοια αποτελέσματα, αλλά σε μικρότερη έκταση, παρατηρήθηκαν με την χορήγηση του στελέχους L. paracasei subsp. tolerans ACA-DC 4037. Παράλληλα, το στέλεχος L. casei Shirota ACA-DC 6002 δείχνει να παρέχει προστασία σε ποντίκια κατά την πρόκληση ελκώδους κολίτιδας με την χορήγηση TNBS.Σε τεχνολογικό επίπεδο, κανένα από τα εξεταζόμενα στελέχη δεν παρουσίασε υψηλή ικανότητα οξύνισης στο γάλα και κατά συνέπεια δεν ήταν δυνατόν να χρησιμοποιηθούν ως εναρκτήριες καλλιέργειες για την παρασκευή γιαούρτης. Από την άλλη, καθώς κανένα στέλεχος δεν παρεμποδίζει αλλά και δεν παρεμποδίζεται από τις παραδοσιακές εναρκτήριες καλλιέργειες γιαούρτης, ήταν δυνατή η χρήση τους ως συμπληρωματικές καλλιέργειας για την παρασκευή γιαούρτης. Στην συνέχεια επιλεγμένα στελέχη χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για το σκοπό αυτό και το στέλεχος L. paracasei subsp. tolerans ACA- DC 4037 ξεχώρισε όταν χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως συμπληρωματική καλλιέργεια για την παρασκευή γιαούρτης με εμβόλιο πηγμένου γάλακτος (1% ν/ν) στους 42°C, λόγω της υψηλής μικροβιακής, φυσικοχημικής και οργανοληπτικής ποιότητας του προϊόντος. Συμπεράσματα: Τα στελέχη L. casei Shirota ACA-DC 6002, L. plantarum ACA-DC 146 και L. paracasei subsp. tolerans ACA-DC 4037, επέδειξαν υποσχόμενο προβιοτικό δυναμικό κατά την διάρκεια εκτεταμένων in vitro και in vivo δοκιμών. Η μελέτη αυτή επιβεβαιώνει τις προβιοτικές ιδιότητες του L. casei Shirota και επιδεικνύει την πιθανή εφαρμογής του στη λοίμωξη του Η. pylori και στην ελκώδη κολίτιδα στον άνθρωπο. Επιπλέον, το στέλεχος L paracasei subsp. tolerans ACA-DC 4037 διαθέτει επίσης δυναμικό χρήσης έναντι του Η. pylori αλλά και στην παρασκευή ενός επιτυχημένου προβιοτικού γιαουρτιού. Τέλος, το στέλεχος L. plantarum ACA-DC 146 μπορεί να εξεταστεί in vivo σε μοντέλα αλλεργικών αντιδράσεων, λόγω της υψηλής αντιφλεγμονώδους επίδρασής τους σε ανθρώπινα περιφερειακά μονοπύρηνα (PBMCs.)

scholarly journals Role of interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor in leukocyte recruitment to acute dermal inflammation

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Issekutz ◽  
Nancy Lopes ◽  
Thomas B. Issekutz
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Lps Activation ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α are involved in inflammation and their production is stimulated by various agents, especially endotoxin (LPS). Here, using the human IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and a new monoclonal antibody (mAb 7F11) to rabbit TNF, the role of endogenous IL-l and TNF production in acute (3h) leukocyte (PMNL) recruitment to dermal inflammation in rabbits has been studied. IL-1RA inhibited by 27% the PMNL accumulation in reactions induced by killed Escherichia coli (p < 0.05) but not by LPS. The monoclonal antibody to TNF inhibited by 27% and 38% (p < 0.002) the PMNL accumulation in LPS and E. coli reactions respectively, but a combination of the mAb with IL-1RA was not more effective. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelium with LPS for 3 h activated endothelium to induce PMNL transendothelial migration in vitro, which was not inhibited by IL-1RA, antibody to TNF-α, IL-1 or to IL-8. In conclusion, TNF and IL-1 may partially mediate acute PMNL infiltration in vivo to LPS and Gram negative bacteria, but there is a major IL-1/TNF independent mechanism, at least in dermal inflammation, which may be due to direct LPS activation of the microvasculature or perhaps the generation of cytokines other than IL-1 and TNF.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Inflammatory Effects of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chong Li ◽  
Yongpeng He ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Yuting Gou ◽  
Shuting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Lung And Kidney

This study is aimed at identifying the bioactive components in lotus leaf flavonoid extract (LLFE) and analyzing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of LLFE in vitro and in vivo. The flavonoids in LLFE were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. The effect of LLFE on damaged 293T cells (H2O2, 0.3 mmol/L) was determined by MTT assay, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes was measured by kits. We studied the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of LLFE on D-Gal/LPS (30 mg/kg·bw and 3 μg/kg·bw)-induced aging mice. We also evaluated the main organ index, pathological changes in the liver, lung, and kidney, liver function index, biochemical index, cytokine level, and mRNA expression level in serum and liver. The results showed that LLFE contains baicalein, kaempferol, kaempferid, quercetin, isorhamnetin, hyperoside, lespenephryl, and rutin. LLFE reduced the oxidative damage sustained by 293T cells, increased the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px, and decreased the level of MDA. The animal studies revealed that LLFE reduced oxidative damage and inflammation in injured mice, inhibited increases in AST, ALT, MDA, and NO, increased SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px levels, upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-12, and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Furthermore, the expression of antioxidant- and anti-inflammatory-related mRNA was consistent with the above results.

Inhibition of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (HDAC) SAHA Leads to Downregulation of STAT1 Activation.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1311-1311
Author(s):  
Corinna Leng ◽  
Cuiling Li ◽  
Judy Ziegler ◽  
Anna Lokshin ◽  
Suzanne Lentzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to reduce development of graft versus host disease [GVHD] following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation [BMT]. Administration of the HDAC inhibitor suberonylanilide hydroxamic acid [SAHA] resulted in a significantly reduced GVHD-dependent mortality following fully MHC-mismatched allogeneic BMT. Median Survival Time (MST) for vehicle and SAHA-treated mice were 7.5 days and 38 days respectively. However, SAHA treatment did not affect T cell activation nor T cell expansion in vitro and in vivo as determined by MLR assays, phenotypic analysis of donor T cells with regard to expression of the CD25 activation antigen and calculation of donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers on days +3 and +6 post-BMT. Thus, SAHA treatment was not able to inhibit the strong upregulation of CD25 antigen on CD8+ T cells observed during induction of GVHD on days +3 and +6 post-BMT. We therefore focused on the effects of SAHA treatment on efferent immune effects including cytokine secretion and intracellular signaling events in vitro and in vivo following GVHD induction. SAHA treatment broadly inhibited lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and allo-antigen-induced cytokine/chemokine secretion in vitro like MIP-1-α, IP-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 and led also to a significant decrease in IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in vivo following induction of GVHD. Concomitantly, SAHA treatment inhibited phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 in response to LPS and allo-activation in vitro. Furthermore, analysis of liver tissue and spleens from SAHA-treated animals with GVHD showed a significant decrease in phosphorylated STAT1. In contrast SAHA treatment had only moderate effects on p38 or ERK1,2 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway underscoring the relevance of the inhibition of the STAT1 pathway. In conclusion, GVHD is associated with a strong induction of phosphorylation of STAT1 in the liver and spleen and SAHA-dependent reduction of GVHD is associated with systemic and local inhibition of pSTAT1 and modulation of the inflammatory cytokine milieu during the efferent immune response.

scholarly journals Immuno-enhancement effects of Platycodon grandiflorum extracts in splenocytes and a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rat model

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Mi Noh ◽  
Jeong-Mi Kim ◽  
Hak Yong Lee ◽  
Hyun-Kyung Song ◽  
Sang Ok Joung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Platycodon Grandiflorum ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background Platycodon grandiflorum is a flowering plant that is used in traditional medicine for treating pulmonary and respiratory disorders. It exerts various pharmacological effects, including immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities. The purpose of this study was to confirm the in vitro and in vivo immune-enhancing effects of P. grandiflorum extract (PGE) on splenocytes isolated from cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppressed rats. Methods For in vitro analysis, splenocytes were treated with PGE at various doses along with CP. Cell viability was measured by a WST-1 assay, and NK cell activity and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was also examined. In addition, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and cytokine levels were measured. For in vivo analysis, Sprague Dawley rats were treated with various doses of PGE along with CP. Complete blood count (CBC) was performed, and plasma levels of IgA, IgG, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 were quantified. Additionally, tissue damage was assessed through histological analyses of the thymus and spleen. Results PGE treatment enhanced cell viability and natural killer cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, and increased the production of CP-induced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) in splenocytes. In addition, in CP-treated rats, PGE treatment induced the recovery of white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, along with mid-range absolute counts, and increased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA). Moreover, PGE attenuated CP-induced spleen and thymic damage. Conclusions Our results confirmed that PGE exerts an immune-enhancing effect both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PGE may have applications as a component of immunostimulatory agents or as an ingredient in functional foods.

scholarly journals Differential Regulation of DAP12 and Molecules Associated with DAP12 during Host Responses to Mycobacterial Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 2477-2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Aoki ◽  
Anna Zganiacz ◽  
Peter Margetts ◽  
Zhou Xing
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Lung Macrophage ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Kinetic Expression ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT DAP12 and its associating molecules MDL-1, TREM-1, and TREM-2 are the recently identified immune regulatory molecules, expressed primarily on myeloid cells including monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and neutrophils. However, little is known about the regulation of their expression during host antimicrobial responses. We have investigated the effect of pulmonary mycobacterial infection and type 1 cytokines on the expression of these molecules both in vivo and in vitro. While DAP12 was constitutively expressed at high levels in the lungs, the MDL-1, TREM-1, and TREM-2 molecules were inducible during mycobacterial infection. Their kinetic expression was correlated with that of the type 1 cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). In primary lung macrophage cultures, high constitutive levels of DAP12 and TREM-2 were not modulated by mycobacterial or type 1 cytokine exposure. In contrast, expression of both MDL-1 and TREM-1 was markedly induced by mycobacterial infection and such induction was inhibited by concurrent exposure to IFN-γ. On mycobacterial infection of TNF-α−/− and IFN-γ−/− mice in vivo or their lung macrophages in vitro, TNF-α was found to be critical for mycobacterially induced MDL-1, but not TREM-1, expression whereas IFN-γ negatively regulated mycobacterially induced MDL-1 and TREM-1 expression. Our findings thus suggest that DAP12 and its associating molecules are differentially regulated by mycobacterial infection and type 1 cytokines and that MDL-1- and TREM-1-triggered DAP12 signaling may play an important role in antimicrobial type 1 immunity.

scholarly journals Differential Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Expression and Release from Peritoneal Mouse Macrophages In Vitro in Response to Proliferating Gram-Positive versus Gram-Negative Bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 4422-4429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cui ◽  
David C. Morrison ◽  
Richard Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria elicited markedly different in vitro tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) responses when placed in coculture with peritoneal murine macrophages. These include quantitative differences in TNF-α mRNA expression and corresponding protein product secretion as well as kinetic differences in the profiles of the TNF-α responses. Further, lipopolysaccharide (from E. coli) is a major contributing factor to these differences, as revealed by comparative experiments with endotoxin-responsive (C3Heb/FeJ) and endotoxin-hyporesponsive (C3H/HeJ) macrophages. Nevertheless, the eventual overall magnitude of the TNF-α secretion of macrophages in response to S. aureus was at least equivalent to that observed with E. coli, while appearing at time periods hours later than the E. coli-elicited TNF-α response. Both the magnitude and kinetic profile of the TNF-α responses were found to be relatively independent of the rate of bacterial proliferation, at least to the extent that similar results were observed with both viable and paraformaldehyde-killed microbes. Nevertheless, S. aureus treated in culture with the carbapenem antibiotic imipenem manifests markedly altered profiles of TNF-α response, with the appearance of an early TNF-α peak not seen with viable organisms, a finding strikingly similar to that recently reported by our laboratory from in vivo studies (R. Silverstein, J. G. Wood, Q. Xue, M. Norimatsu, D. L. Horn, and D. C. Morrison, Infect. Immun. 68:2301–2308, 2000). In contrast, imipenem treatment of E. coli-cocultured macrophages does not significantly alter the observed TNF-α response either in vitro or in vivo. In conclusion, our data support the concept that the host inflammatory response of cultured mouse macrophages in response to viable gram-positive versus gram-negative microbes exhibits distinctive characteristics and that these distinctions are, under some conditions, altered on subsequent bacterial killing, depending on the mode of killing. Of potential importance, these distinctive in vitro TNF-α profiles faithfully reflect circulating levels of TNF-α in infected mice. These results suggest that coculture of peritoneal macrophages with viable versus antibiotic-killed bacteria and subsequent assessment of cytokine response (TNF-α) may be of value in clarifying, and ultimately controlling, related host inflammatory responses in septic patients.

scholarly journals A ComparativeIn VitroStudy of the Effects of Separate and Combined Products ofCitrus e fructibusandCydonia e fructibuson Immunological Parameters of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Baars ◽  
M. C. Jong ◽  
I. Boers ◽  
A. F. M. Nierop ◽  
H. F. J. Savelkoul
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Specific Stimulation

This paper examined the effects of the combined product,Citrus e fructibus/Cydonia e fructibus(Citrus/Cydonia; Citrus and Cydonia: each 0.01 g/mL), and separate products of Citrus (0.01 g/mL) and Cydonia (0.01 g/mL) on the immunological pathways involved in seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from five healthy and five grass pollen-allergic donors were isolated and analyzedin vitroafter polyclonal and allergen-specific stimulation of T cells in the presence of the three extracts. The analyses demonstrated acceptable cell survival with no signs of toxicity. Citrus mainly had a selective effect on reducing allergen-specific chronic inflammatory (TNF-α; Citrus compared to Cydonia and Citrus/Cydonia: −87.4 (P<0.001) and −68.0 (P<0.05), resp.) and Th2 pathway activity (IL-5; Citrus compared to Cydonia: −217.8 (P<0.01); while, both Cydonia and Citrus/Cydonia mainly affected the induction of the allergen-specific Th1 pathway (IFN-γ; Cydonia and Citrus/Cydonia compared to Citrus: 3.8 (P<0.01) and 3.0 (P<0.01), resp.). Citrus and Cydonia demonstrated different working mechanisms in the treatment of SAR and the combination product did not demonstrate larger effects than the separate preparations. Further effectiveness and efficacy studies comparing the effects of the products on SARin vivoare indicated.

scholarly journals Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid (PDL) inhibit the replication of influenza A virus through regulating TLR3/MyD88 signaling pathway

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhihui ◽  
Yuqian Zhang ◽  
Gang Tian ◽  
Zehua Wang ◽  
Ronghua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid (PDL) as a famous Chinese patent medicine has been widely used for treating upper respiratory tract infection. However, the antiviral effect of PDL remain unclear. Here, the antiviral effect of in vitro and in vivo of PDL against influenza A virus were for the first time investigated. Methods The in vitro inhibitory effect of PDL on influenza A virus was investigated using MDCK cell model. The in vivo inhibitory effect on influenza virus pneumonia was evaluated with the ICR female mice (14-16 g) model infected by influenza A virus (A/FM/1/47, H1N1, mouse-adapted). Moreover, expression levels of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IP10, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ in lung tissue were measured by qRT-PCR. The potential mechanism of PDL against acute lung injury caused by influenza A virus was investigated by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Our results indicated that in vitro PDL has a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on different subtypes of influenza A viruses and in vivo PDL could dose-dependently prevent weight loss of mice, increase food intake and reduce mortality caused by influenza A H1N1 virus. Furthermore, PDL could markedly improve the acute lung injury caused by influenza A virus and significantly reduce the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IP10, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ. Mechanistic research indicated that the protective effect of PDL on viral pneumonia might be achieved by inhibiting TLR3/MyD88/IRAK4/TRAF3 signaling pathway. Conclusion PDL not only showed a good inhibitory effect on influenza A virus in vitro, but also exhibited a significant protective effect against lethal influenza virus infection in vivo. These findings provide evidence for the clinical treatment of influenza A virus infection with PDL.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Urtica thunbergiana Ethanol Extract on Atopic Dermatitis-Induced NC/Nga Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Hien T.T. Ngo ◽  
Minzhe Fang ◽  
Eunson Hwang ◽  
Yoosung Kim ◽  
Bom Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Urtica Thunbergiana

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease that persists or repeatedly recurs in both childhood and adulthood. Urtica thunbergiana (UT) is an aroma herb with little-known pharmacological effects and anti-inflammatory activities against AD. This study investigated the immunomodulatory efficacy of 50% ethanol-extracted UT in necrosis factor-alpha/interferon-gamma (TNF-α/IFN-γ)-stimulated HaCaT cells in vitro and AD-Biostir-induced NC/Nga mice in vivo. The results showed that UT exhibits a dose-dependent increase in scavenged free radicals, reaching 76.0% ± 1.4% of scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl at a concentration of 250 µg/mL. In addition, UT significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells: interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine, macrophage-derived chemokine, and regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted. UT-treated HaCaT cells showed inhibition of the overexpression of chemokine-regulated signaling molecules, such as nuclear factor-kappa B, inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). UT dietary administration in AD-Biostir-induced NC/Nga mice treated and improved AD-like symptoms, such as scales, epidermal thickening, the dermatitis severity score, high trans-epidermal water loss, reduced skin hydration, increased mast cells, elevated serum immunoglobulin E levels, and an enlarged spleen. UT treatment inhibited the expression of phosphorylated forms of MAPKs, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1, and regulator IκBα. It also upregulated filaggrin (FLG) production. Therefore, UT shows high anti-AD activity both in vitro and in vivo, and can be a useful anti-AD agent.

scholarly journals Undaria pinnatifida Fucoidan-Rich Extract Induces Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1987372
Author(s):  
Hwan H. Lee ◽  
Yoo J. Cho ◽  
Daeung Yu ◽  
Donghwa Chung ◽  
Gun-Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Undaria Pinnatifida ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Fucoidans are widely used as an ingredient of dietary supplements. We investigated the immune stimulatory activities of Undaria pinnatifida ( Alariaceae) fucoidan-rich extract (UPF-RE) in vitro as well as in vivo . In vitro, the extract stimulated Raw 264.7 cells to produce significant nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6). It also induced the proliferation of primary mouse splenocytes and the secretion of IL-4, which correlated with the phosphorylation of Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein. In in vivo experiments, first, 50 mg/kg of 3 different types of UPF-RE, DSU02, DSU02L (low molecular weight, <3 kDa), and DSU02H (high molecular weight, >10 kDa), were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice. After 14 days, the frequencies of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells and NK cells from each group were analyzed. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined. The frequencies of CD3+ and CD4+ showed a statistically significant increase in splenocytes isolated from the DSU02 and DSU02H groups. Also, there was significant production of TNF-α and IFN-γ from the DSU02 group. Second, 3 different concentrations of DSU02 (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) were orally administered. After 14 days, the proliferative capacity of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was investigated, and the plasma concentrations of IgM and total IgG were determined. Plasma concentration of IgM from the DSU02 150 mg/kg group was statistically significantly higher compared with that from the other groups. We suggest that UPF-RE could be a good candidate for a natural immune stimulator to induce innate as well as adaptive immune responses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document