scholarly journals Wood-decaying fungi found in Southern Ghana: A potential source of new anti-infective compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Samuel Yaw Aboagye ◽  
Vincent Amarh ◽  
Paul A. Lartey ◽  
Patrick Kobina Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Southern Ghana

Background: Discovery of bioactive natural products are instrumental for development of novel antibiotics. The discovery and development of natural products such as penicillin represented a major milestone in the treatment of bacterial infections. Currently, many antibiotics have lost their relevance in clinics due to the emergence of drug-resistant microbial pathogens. Hence, there is the need for continuous search of new compounds endowed with potent antimicrobial activity. In this study, wood-decaying fungi (WDF) from Southern Ghana were explored for their potential as sources of novel antimicrobial compounds with intent of expanding the effort into a drug discovery programme in the near future. Methods: A total of 54 WDF isolates were fermented in potato dextrose broth and the secondary metabolites obtained were analyzed for the presence of antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion assay. Chromatography techniques were used for preliminary analysis of the chemical composition of the extracts and for fractionation of the extracts that showed antimicrobial activity. Results: The extracts from 40 out of the 54 WDF isolates exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against either Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli or Candida albicans. Fractionation of these bioactive extracts, followed by bioassay of the organic fractions obtained, indicate that extracts exhibiting antimicrobial activity against more than one of the three test organisms could be attributed to the presence of different bioactive compounds. Analysis of the composition of the extracts revealed that terpenes were predominant. Conclusions: This study suggests that a significant proportion of WDF in Southern Ghana produce antimicrobial compounds which could be potential sources of novel anti-infective agents and support the plans of developing a drug discovery programme in Ghana based on the fermentation of WDF.

scholarly journals Wood-decaying fungi found in Ghana: A rich source of new anti-infective compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Samuel Yaw Aboagye ◽  
Vincent Amarh ◽  
Paul A. Lartey ◽  
Patrick Kobina Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Test Organisms

Background: Discovery of bioactive natural products are instrumental for development of novel antibiotics. The discovery and development of natural products such as penicillin represented a major milestone in the treatment of bacterial infections. Currently, many antibiotics have lost their relevance in clinics due to the emergence of drug-resistant microbial pathogens. Hence, there is the need for continuous search of new compounds endowed with potent antimicrobial activity. Methods: In this study, wood-decaying fungi (WDF) from Ghana were explored for their potential as sources of novel antimicrobial compounds with intent of expanding the effort into a drug discovery programme in the near future. Extracts from cultures of 54 morphologically distinct WDF isolates were analyzed for the presence of antimicrobial agents. Results: The extracts from 40 out of the 54 WDF isolates exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against either Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli or Candida albicans. Fractionation of these bioactive extracts, followed by bioassay of the organic fractions obtained, indicate that extracts exhibiting antimicrobial activity against more than one of the three test organisms could be attributed to the presence of different bioactive compounds. Analysis of the composition of the extracts revealed that terpenes were predominant. Conclusions: This study suggests that a significant proportion of WDF in Ghana produce antimicrobial compounds which could be potential sources of novel anti-infective agents and support the plans of developing a drug discovery programme in Ghana based on the fermentation of WDF.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening of Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Extracts by UPLC-QTOF-MS and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activity

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle St-Pierre ◽  
Dorian Blondeau ◽  
André Lajeunesse ◽  
Julien Bley ◽  
Nathalie Bourdeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Minimal Inhibition Concentration

The continual emergence of pathogen resistance is a recurring challenge and pushes for the development of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we investigated compounds from quaking aspen trees (Populus tremuloides) as potential antimicrobial agents. Several extractions using different solvents were realized, and corresponding antimicrobial activity was tested against eight microorganisms. Results revealed that polar extraction solvents including water, ethanol and methanol gave the best extraction yields (>15.07%). Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) demonstrated that water extracts had the best antimicrobial activity by a weak to moderate inhibition of growth of all eight tested microorganisms in addition to having a bactericidal effect on three of them. The quaking aspen methanol extract also displayed antimicrobial activity but to a lower level than the water extract. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis led to the identification of 92 compounds, mainly polyphenols in both extracts, with 22 molecules previously known for their antimicrobial properties. According to the relative abundance, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5.44% in methanol extract) and kaempferol (5.03% in water extract) were the most abundant antimicrobial compounds. Among antimicrobial molecules identified, nine were from the flavonoid family. The results of our study demonstrate the interest of using quaking aspen as source of antimicrobial compounds.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Activity of Cannabinoids

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
John A. Karas ◽  
Labell J. M. Wong ◽  
Olivia K. A. Paulin ◽  
Amna C. Mazeh ◽  
Maytham H. Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Rapid Emergence

A post-antibiotic world is fast becoming a reality, given the rapid emergence of pathogens that are resistant to current drugs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new classes of potent antimicrobial agents with novel modes of action. Cannabis sativa is an herbaceous plant that has been used for millennia for medicinal and recreational purposes. Its bioactivity is largely due to a class of compounds known as cannabinoids. Recently, these natural products and their analogs have been screened for their antimicrobial properties, in the quest to discover new anti-infective agents. This paper seeks to review the research to date on cannabinoids in this context, including an analysis of structure–activity relationships. It is hoped that it will stimulate further interest in this important issue.

DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS IN NEONATAL SEPSIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
HUGH S. LAM ◽  
PAK C NG
Keyword(s):  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Exogenous Surfactant ◽  
Vlbw Infants

Breakthroughs in the management of sick newborns, including exogenous surfactant therapy, advance ventilation techniques, inhaled nitric oxide, and use of antenatal corticosteroids have led to substantial improvements in the survival of vulnerable preterm infants. Neonatal clinicians now have access to an ever increasing armament of antimicrobial agents to help combat infections. However, even with the support of such advanced therapeutic modalities, strict infection control measures and low thresholds for use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the threat of bacterial infections especially in the most susceptible group of preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have persisted. A recent survey suggests that a significant proportion of VLBW infants (21%) have at least one episode of late-onset culture proven sepsis during their stay in the neonatal unit. Infected infants require longer hospital stay and have higher risk of developing complications, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and adverse long-term neurodevelopment. Neonates with infection often present with subtle and non-specific signs of sepsis. Some may be asymptomatic at the initial stages of infection. Even those infants with signs may not be clinically distinguishable from patients suffering from transient tachypnoea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, apnoea of prematurity or acute exacerbation of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, during early phases of the disease. Such presentations can lead to both delayed treatment of genuinely infected infants and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in non-infected cases, resulting in acceleration of emergence of bacterial resistance, alteration of patterns of bacterial infection, and inefficient treatment of septicaemia. Both early and late-onset infections are important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methods to assist neonatal clinicians diagnose infants in the early stages of infection are, therefore, highly desirable.

scholarly journals Antibacterial potential of indigenous plant extracts against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from New Delhi region

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Jatin Chadha ◽  
Manish Gupta ◽  
Nishtha Nagpal ◽  
Madhav Sharma ◽  
Tarun Adarsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

The extensive use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections has led to the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, becoming increasingly difficult to treat with currently available antibacterial agents. The present study is based on prospecting the ethnomedicinal potential of Indian plant varieties for the treatment of MDR bacteria. Plants produce an array of diverse pharmacological compounds in defence against microbial pathogens which may be employed as a novel intervention strategy to combat MDR human pathogens. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts of four common Indian plants: Azadirachta indica (Neem), Murraya koenigii (Kadipatta), Phyllanthus emblica (Amla), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) prepared in four solvents, water, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform was tested against nine MDR bacterial isolates. Kirby-Bauer well diffusion assays were adopted to assess the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the MDR strains. The potency of plant extracts was examined by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). All MDR isolates including Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis, B. cereus, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly inhibited by the plant extracts. Test extracts showed promising antibacterial potential against MDR P. aeruginosa and Bacillus sp. with low MIC values ranging between 0.02-1.56 mg/ml, while most plant extracts exhibited either moderate MBC values or bacteriostatic effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the potential use of endemic A. indica, M. koenigii, P. emblica, and O. sanctum as therapeutic agents against circulating MDR human pathogens in the national capital.

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship studies of Antimicrobial Compounds:A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahaya Asirvatham ◽  
Jyoti Thakur ◽  
Savita Tauro ◽  
Bharat Dhokchawle
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Qsar Studies ◽  
Structure Activity

: With the current scenario of emerging drug-resistant microbial strains, there prevails a continuous threat to health and the development of new antimicrobial agents is a challenging task. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) has proven to elevate the likelihood of finding a new pharmacophore. Intermolecular binding like hydrophobic bond, electrostatic and steric interactions helps to understand drug interaction with the receptors. Some common conclusions have been drawn after analyzing diverse case studies. Few descriptors were identified to be common in enhancing the antimicrobial activity. The structural features modifying the antimicrobial activity were analyzed using critically published results from significant QSAR studies on antimicrobial compounds. This commentary will assist the synthetic chemist to synthesize novel derivatives which could be potential antimicrobial compounds.

Recent Highlights on the Synthesis of Pyrazoles with Antimicrobial Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline C. Da Silva ◽  
Rosiane M. Martins ◽  
Rafael G. Lund ◽  
Lucas Pizzuti ◽  
Claudio M.P. de Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Made In

Background: Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms such as pyrazoles have a long history and applicability in the field of medicinal chemistry. Many compounds containing pyrazole moiety have been reported in the available literature for their prominent biological activities, including antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms. Over the years, there has been a concern with the many health problems associated with the dramatic increase of microbial infections and resistance to standard drugs, so there is a need for the development of more effective antimicrobial agents. Pyrazoles and their derivatives are promising candidates to bypass these problems with good safety profiles, and there is a wide range of synthetic methodologies for their obtainment. This review aims to compact a literature survey (2012-2017) very informative and helpful for researchers who wish to study or continue the development of new, potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds. Methods: This review encompasses reports on the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of synthetic pyrazoles from the year 2012 to 2017, which were extracted from bibliographic databases such as PubMed, scielo, sciencedirect, scifinder, and scopus. The main keywords in our search were “pyrazole” and “antimicrobial activity”, in which we made efforts to include synthetic and biological methodologies that can be useful for laboratories of different levels of infrastructure. Moreover, inclusion/ exclusion criteria was applied to select quality reports which could demonstrate different tools of antimicrobial evaluation, focusing on the advances made in the area, such as evaluation in silico and exploration of the possible mechanism of action for active compounds. Results: Thirty-four papers were included in this work, which was displayed chronologically from the year 2012 to 2017 in order to enhance the advances made in the area, with at least five reports from each year. We found that the most commonly tested bacterial strains are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and from the year 2016 onwards Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The most common tested fungal strains are Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. The majority of articles expressed the antimicrobial results as a zone of inhibition, leading to the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and a probable mechanism of action for the most prominent compounds, considering cytotoxicity. Aromatic aldehydes and ketones are key reactants to obtain important precursors for the synthesis of pyrazoles, such as chalcones, together with alkyl or phenylhydrazines and thiosemicarbazide. A great variation in the reported MICs was found as there is no standard maximum limit, but many compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity comparable or better than standard drugs, from which 10 reports active compounds with MIC lower than 5 μg mL-1. Conclusion: The findings of this work support the importance of pyrazole moiety in the structure of antimicrobial compounds and the versatility of synthetic methodologies to obtain the target products. Results clearly indicate that they are attractive target compounds for new antimicrobial drugs development. We hope that this information will guide further studies on continuing the search for more effective, highly active antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Graphene Matrices as Carriers for Metal Ions against Antibiotic Susceptible and Resistant Bacterial Pathogens

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Slate ◽  
Nathalie Karaky ◽  
Grace S. Crowther ◽  
Jonathan A. Butler ◽  
Craig E. Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Graphene Foam ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Specific Metal

Due to the ever-increasing burden of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria, the development of novel antimicrobial agents and biomaterials to act as carriers and/or potentiate antimicrobial activity is essential. This study assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of the following ionic metals, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, zinc, and gallium alone and in combination with graphene matrices (which were coated via a drop casting coating method). The graphene foam was utilized as a carrier for the ionic metals against both, antibiotic susceptible and resistant bacterial strains of Acinetobacter baumannii,Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ionic gold, palladium and platinum demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial activity against the susceptible and resistant strains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) visualized cellular ultrastructure damage, when the bacteria were incubated upon the graphene foam alone. This study suggests that specific metal ions applied in combination with graphene foam could present a potential therapeutic option to treat AMR bacterial infections. The application of the graphene foam as a potential carrier could promote antimicrobial activity, provide a sustained release approach and reduce possible resistance acquisition. In light of this study, the graphene foam and ionic metal combinations could potentially be further developed as part of a wound dressing.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf and Stem Extracts of Priva cordifolia (L.f.) Druce

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Niranjan M. H. ◽  
Prabhurajeshwar .
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

In current environment increasing resistance to existing antimicrobial agents and herbal drugs are being investigated as important sources for new agents for testing various diseases related to bacterial infections. The present work is aimed at exploring the preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of leaf and stem extracts of Priva cordifolia belongs to family Verbenaceae. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones and glycosides. The antimicrobial activity was studied using various organisms by means of a disc diffusion method. Susceptibility of some Gram positive organisms (Bacillus substilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative organisms (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli) were tested against leaf and stem extracts (water, methanol and ethanol). Among the various extracts, water stem extract was more effective (19.66±1.52 mm) and ethanol stem extract found to be less effective (1±1) against all the bacteria. It is concluded that the plant extract showed antimicrobial activity because of the presence of these phytochemicals. Further studies are recommended for drug development to treat various infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Chiral Derivatives of Xanthones with Antimicrobial Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Araújo ◽  
Carla Fernandes ◽  
Madalena Pinto ◽  
Maria Tiritan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Derivatives Of

According to the World Health Organization, the exacerbated use of antibiotics worldwide is increasing multi-resistant infections, especially in the last decade. Xanthones are a class of compounds receiving great interest in drug discovery and development that can be found as natural products or obtained by synthesis. Many derivatives of xanthones are chiral and associated with relevant biological activities, including antimicrobial. The aim of this review is to compile information about chiral derivatives of xanthones from natural sources and their synthesized examples with antimicrobial activity.

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