scholarly journals The challenge of tackling the obesity economic burden: The case of Uruguay

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Kaufmann ◽  
Norma Pontet-Ubal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Specific Health

The estimation of the burden of a disease is one of the tasks with the longest tradition in Health Economics, which allows us to know the volume of resources that a country allocates to a specific health problem, and to compare countries and diseases. Although the fundamental objective of Health Systems is not to reduce the cost of the disease, but to improve the health of the population, the studies of burden of disease establish the economic seriousness of the problem, orienting the priorities of action. Government-funded medical expenditure in Uruguay for the last ten years has tripled in US dollars. The increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has contributed to this growth. According to the World Health Organization, Uruguay has the highest growing trend in the prevalence of both overweight and obesity in South America. We have previously estimated that economic burden linked to obesity will be more than US$500 million by 2020, a figure close to 1% of the country’s GDP. In this study, we tried to generate a measure of value to ascertain the cost of inaction in the fight against obesity and its consequences linked to several non-communicable diseases. The cost of inaction is not defined as the cost of not doing, but as the cost of not implementing the right policies (in this case health prevention policies) at the right time.

scholarly journals Impact of nanosystems in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita M Pinto ◽  
Daniela Lopes-de-Campos ◽  
M Cristina L Martins ◽  
Patrick Van Dijck ◽  
Cláudia Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
The World ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered by the World Health Organization as a high priority pathogen for which new therapies are needed. This is particularly important for biofilm implant-associated infections once the only available treatment option implies a surgical procedure combined with antibiotic therapy. Consequently, these infections represent an economic burden for Healthcare Systems. A new strategy has emerged to tackle this problem: for small bugs, small particles. Here, we describe how nanotechnology-based systems have been studied to treat S. aureus biofilms. Their features, drawbacks and potentialities to impact the treatment of these infections are highlighted. Furthermore, we also outline biofilm models and assays required for preclinical validation of those nanosystems to smooth the process of clinical translation.

Right diagnosis, right treatment: SAFER PRACTICES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Silverston
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Error ◽  
World Health ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

Choosing the right treatment for the patient requires that the right diagnosis is made first. In primary and ambulatory care, however, diagnostic errors are both common and commonly preventable. The World Health Organization has recommended that all health professionals should receive formal training in the principles of diagnostic reasoning and the causes of diagnostic error, and that strategies and interventions to reduce the risk of diagnostic error should be used in clinical practice. This article describes a mnemonic checklist, SAFER PRACTICES, which can be used in an integrated approach to the prevention and detection of diagnostic errors that starts in the classroom and continues through to the consulting room.

Rhinovirus and Influenza Disease Swamedication Information System using the Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Husnul Khotimah ◽  
Tijaniyah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Cost

Self-medication, known as self-medication, has now been widely used by people to treat their own diseases without a doctor's prescription. This is because the cost of examining and just consulting a doctor is very expensive for the community. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) self-medication is defined as the selection and use of drugs, including herbal and traditional medicine, by individuals to treat themselves from disease or symptoms of disease. As well as the world of digital information is currently mushrooming in various information systems to provide information to the public in real time. Therefore, the author will make a research on how web-based information systems can provide information to the public about self-medication for coughs and colds, which people often suffer from. The Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method is one of the superior methods for calculating the parameters for drug decisions that can be consumed by the public, making it easier for people to choose the type of medicine according to the disease they are suffering

scholarly journals Democracy Backsliding as a Danger of Sustainable Development in the Post-Pandemic Period: Social and Legal aspects of Decision

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Oleg Tkach ◽  
Оleh Batrymenko ◽  
Dmytro Nelipa ◽  
Mykola Khylko
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The article considers topical issues of the threat of collapse of democracy. Examples of the democracy collapse have shown the lack of free and fair elections in the world, which threatens the independence of the judiciary, restrictions on the right to freedom of speech, which limits the ability of the political opposition to challenge the government, to prosecute, to offer alternatives to the regime. The collapse of democracy in connection with the spread of COVID-19 is being considered, as the democratic spectrum has repeatedly resorted to excessive control, discriminatory restrictions on freedoms such as movement and assembly, and arbitrary or coercive coercion. Attention is drawn to the fact that the outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 has led to the introduction in all countries of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of the individual in order to prevent the spread of this infectious disease, declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Thus, the unusual nature of the COVID - 19 coronavirus pandemic poses numerous dilemmas to the public, governments, parliaments, the judiciary, law enforcement and many other actors when it comes to the need for effective protection of health and, ultimately, human life, as well as adherence to and ensuring the fundamental democratic principles of man and society.

scholarly journals What factors need to be considered when assessing the financial costs of medicines

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
A S Fedorenko ◽  
A T Burbello ◽  
M V Pokladova ◽  
M A Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
General Idea ◽  
World Health ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Medical University ◽  
North Western

The article presents possible approaches to assessing the financial costs of medicines. The results of the ABC/VEN and ATC DDD analyzes recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the World Health Organization (WHO) in assessing the financial costs of medicines in a large multidisciplinary hospital are described. The evaluation of ABC/VEN and ATC/DDD analyzes, their advantages and disadvantages is given. It is shown that the ABC/VEN analysis gives only a general idea of planning financial expenditures and ATC/DDD about real drug consumption in the treatment of one patient. The financial costs of treating one patient vary significantly and depend on many factors: disease nosology, severity, division profile, etc. It was determined which factors should be taken into account both in estimating the cost of medicines and in planning financial expenditures for the next year. (For citation: Fedorenko AS, Burbello AT, Pokladova MV, Ivanova MA. What factors need to be considered when assessing the financial costs of medicines. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):64-72. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810264-72).

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN PERMUKIMAN VERTIKAL DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Budiana Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

The percentage of green open space (RTH) in Jakarta is only 9.6%. It is very lower than the minimum limit which be set by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is 30% of total area of a city. One cause of the least of remaining green open space in Jakarta is the fast growing of settlements. To prevent green open space in Jakarta is not diminished, Jakarta Provincial Government needs to change the strategy of development of settlements from horizontal to vertical. Vertical settlement is shaped in flats or apartments. Flats or apartments are the right alternative to answer the high demand of land for settlement on one side and still be able to maintain the integrity of the vast green open space on the other side. Despite this effort to realize the vertical settlements are blocked by three factors, i.e.: society, developer, and the Provincial Government of Jakarta. To overcome these problems, there are three factors to consider in determining government policy, namely: discourse / narratives, politic interest, and actors / network.

scholarly journals The Importance of the World Health Organization Sugar Guidelines for Dental Health and Obesity Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Breda ◽  
Jo Jewell ◽  
Amélie Keller
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Strong Recommendation ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a reduced intake of free sugars throughout the life course (strong recommendation) with a reduction of free sugars intake to less than 10% of the total energy intake (strong recommendation) and preferably below 5% of the total energy intake (conditional recommendation) in both adults and children. Available data clearly show that people already consume significantly more sugar than they should, increasing the risk for dental caries, overweight and obesity. The WHO recommendations are intended for use by the policy makers as a benchmark for assessing intake of sugars by populations and as a driving force for policy change. To create a favorable environment, enabling the overall amount of free sugar intake to be as low as possible and to reduce the frequency of consumption of sugar-rich foods, a range of public health interventions is advised.

scholarly journals Adipotsitokiny v nauchnoy i klinicheskoy praktike

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Kosygina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Health Organization

In recent decades, overweight and obesity have become a major problem for most countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than a billion people worldwide are overweight and more than 300 million are obese. These clinical and experimental studies highlight a clear relationship between obesity and several chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, high risk of oncological diseases, disorders of the reproductive sphere, pathology of the musculoskeletal system, as well as deviations in mental status and processes of social adaptation. Therefore, considerable efforts of modern endocrinology focused on the study of etiopathogenetic aspects that underlie these diseases and identification of possible markers.

The Global Politics of Neglected Tropical Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 567-582
Author(s):  
Obijiofor Aginam
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
International Health ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Cost

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of diseases that are prevalent among the poorest populations of the world. They pose a formidable obstacle to the socioeconomic development of the already impoverished communities where they are prevalent. Over the past several decades the World Health Organization (WHO)—as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work—has led global efforts to tackle the mortality and morbidity burdens of NTDs. In partnership with other actors, WHO’s global NTD Plan and Roadmap have oscillated between the politics and financial constraints of the organisation as an intergovernmental organisation of sovereign states and the lack of incentives to catalyse private and corporate actors towards effective action. The global politics of NTDs is now firmly anchored on public-private partnerships. These partnerships nonetheless raise questions about the moral obligation towards underwriting the cost of eradicating these diseases in the developing world. The chapter argues that enlightened self-interest and humanitarianism should compel the industrialised world towards a pragmatic action to address the mortality and morbidity burdens of NTDs among the poorest populations of the world.

The World Heath Organization's Disaster Reduction Policies in Africa at the Dawn of 1990's: Steps in the Right Direction?

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Maniza S. Zaman ◽  
Sandro Calvani
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Emergency Preparedness And Response ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Disaster Preparedness And Response ◽  
National Disaster

AbstractThe World Health Organization, Panafrican Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response (WHO/EPR) was established in 1988, and officially opened in March 1989, as a practical and functional response to the identified need for a regional institution to deal effectively with the health and related consequences of both natural and man-made disasters. The principal objective of the Centre is to aid member countries in the prevention and/or reduction of the adverse health effects of disasters, be they direct or indirect, by strengthening national capacities for disaster preparedness and response. The WHO has reoriented its disaster operations unit to incorporate preparedness activities, particularly within an overall developmental framework which is crucial for reducing losses, both human and material, in the event of a disaster. In keeping with this focus, the Centre has defined its goals and activities: development of national disaster preparedness programs; training of national and international personnel in health emergency preparedness and response; production and dissemination of technical publications on disaster preparedness and management; undertaking risk assessment missions; and executing relevant research projects.

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