scholarly journals Trajectory: A model of the sign and of semiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Winfried Nöth
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Asymptotic Approximation ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Dynamic Relations ◽  
Goal Directedness

This paper examines how far the model of the trajectory as a path that a moving object follows from a source to a goal is an adequate model of the sign and of semiotic processes. Just like intentions, meanings, and messages, also signs have sources and goals. A study of the terms by which the Ancient Greeks referred to signs (sêma, semeîon, and tekmérion) reveals that the idea of goal-directedness is inherent in several respects in this early semiotic vocabulary. The paper studies Charles S. Peirce’s model of the sign as a trajectory by which Peirce describes the “agency of the sign”. Peirce’s semiotic trajectories are without beginnings and ends. Guided by final causality towards a semiotic goal, the sign can reach its goal only by asymptotic approximation. The final section of the paper presents brief notes on the trajectories characteristic of sign processes in semiotic models outlined by Algirdas Greimas and Juri Lotman. Greimas distinguishes a plurality of semiotic trajectories, such as the generative, the thematic, and the figurative one, but the prototype of all trajectories is the narrative one. Bifurcations resulting from conflicting tensions interrupt the unilinearity of the goal-directed trajectories. Besides disjunctions, the model foresees conjunctions in which trajectories merge. The dynamic forces that propel the agents (subjects and objects, agents and patients, senders and receivers, heroes and villains) along such trajectories are polar tensions and conflicts as well as phases of desire and fulfilment. Lotman proposes a dynamic model of human culture as a semiotic space where sign pro - cesses occur like “rushing torrents” or even take the form of “explosions”, suggesting trajectories whose characteristics are nonlinearity, bifurcation, sudden interruption, and unpredictable reorientation. Concomitant with such trajectories are the bidirectional trajectories that describe the dynamic relations between the centre and the periphery of a cultural semiosphere.

Simulation Investigations of Influence of Tooth Depth Coefficient on Dynamic Phenomena in Toothed Gear

2016 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Peruń
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Level ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Toothed Gears ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena

The increase of transverse contact ratio (εα) value usually allows reducing general level of gear vibroactivity. Article put to the test influence of coefficient εα value on dynamic forces in mesh zone with use of dynamic model of toothed gear. From theoretical point of view, the optimum value of transverse contact ratio is equal 2, what mean, that in mesh are always two pair of teeth. Obtainment such value of coefficient εα requires another construction of toothed wheels – wheels with HCR (High Contact Ratio) profile teeth. On result of occurrence of different deviations in toothed gears, as well as the dynamic phenomena, obtainment of continuous two-pair cooperation of gear pair is impossible and when this necessary is, solutions with near or exceed optimum value of coefficient are applied.

A Parameter Investigation Into the Thompson Constant-Velocity Coupling

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. Watson ◽  
B. Gangadhara Prusty ◽  
J. Olsen ◽  
D. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Spherical Geometry ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Intermediate Shaft ◽  
Torque Transmission ◽  
Dynamic Forces

The Thompson coupling is a relatively recent design of constant-velocity coupling, that is, principally based on the double Cardan mechanism. An extra mechanism comprising a spherical pantograph serves to align the intermediate shaft of this coupling and so maintains the constant velocity of the double Cardan mechanism, in a modular fashion. This technical note serves to introduce basic closed form expressions for the coupling’s geometry—which may then be used to derive linkage accelerations and dynamic forces. The expressions are derived using standard identities in spherical geometry. The resulting dynamic model then informs a basic conceptual design optimization, which object is intended to reduce induced driveline vibrations, when the coupling is articulated at nonzero angles of torque transmission.

Plague, Civil War, and Epochal Evolution in Vergil’s Georgics

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-146
Author(s):  
Hunter H. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Civil Discord

Vergil’s Noric cattle plague in Georgics 3 develops a more direct correlation between contagious disease and civil discord. In Vergil’s account, the initially conflicting symptoms of the disease (e.g. excessive heat and cold) collapse bodies into liquefied homogeneity, indicating plague’s power to create uniformity among a population and ultimately offer a clean slate upon which to rewrite the body politic. But in that process, the eradication of individual identities—expressed through Vergil’s anthropomorphized cattle—and the open-ended spread of the disease that concludes Book 3 suggest the poet’s ambivalence toward prospects of recovery from contagion as civil war. Through heaps of undistinguishable cadavera and Golden-Age imagery that neutralizes old enmities, as well as through verbal echoes of passages indicting fraternal strife elsewhere in the Georgics, the poet acknowledges the excesses of individual ambition. But he qualifies Lucretian polemic against desire and ambition as markers of personal identity: when pestilence strikes Aristaeus’ beehive in Book 4, its remedy—a violent ritual (the bougonia) that produces homogenous, loyal offspring—fails to offer an adequate model for human existence. The final section of the chapter looks to the failed attempt at settling Crete in the Aeneid as a coda to disease in the Georgics: the episode recalls depictions of epidemic disease in Georgics 3 and 4, clarifying the meaning of Aristaeus’ new hive as a caveat for Aeneas’ attempt to restore the Trojan race.

scholarly journals Estranged relations: coercion and care in narratives of supported decision-making in mental healthcare

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Stone ◽  
Renata Kokanovic ◽  
Felicity Callard ◽  
Alex F Broom
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Dynamic Relations

Supported decision-making has become popular among policymakers and mental health advocates as a means of reducing coercion in mental healthcare. Nevertheless, users of psychiatric services often seem equivocal about the value of supported decision-making initiatives. In this paper we explore why such initiatives might be rejected or ignored by the would-be beneficiaries, and we reflect on broader implications for care and coercion. We take a critical medical humanities approach, particularly through the lens of entanglement. We analyse the narratives of 29 people diagnosed with mental illness, and 29 self-identified carers speaking of their experiences of an Australian mental healthcare system and of their views of supported decision-making. As a scaffolding for our critique we consider two supported decision-making instruments in the 2014 Victorian Mental Health Act: the advance statement and the nominated person. These instruments presuppose that patients and carers endorse a particular set of relationships between the agentic self and illness, as well as between patient, carer and the healthcare system. Our participant narratives instead conveyed ‘entangled’ relations, which we explore in three sections. In the first we show how ideas about fault and illness often coexisted, which corresponded with shifting views on the need for more versus less agency for patients. In the second section, we illustrate how family carers struggled to embody the supported decision-making ideal of the independent yet altruistic nominated person, and in the final section we suggest that both care and coercion were narrated as existing across informal/formal care divisions. We conclude by reflecting on how these dynamic relations complicate supported decision-making projects, and prompt a rethink of how care and coercion unfold in contemporary mental healthcare.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Force Modeling for Broaching Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Kamath Cholpadi ◽  
Appu Kuttan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Damping Coefficients ◽  
Force Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Experimental Corroboration

There is a demand for mechanistic force model that can predict and simulate the broaching process. In this paper, an attempt has been made for mechanistic force modeling of the broaching operation and experimental corroboration with the simulated result. The stiffness and damping coefficients for dynamic model are computed from the natural frequency of the broaching system and actual damped natural frequency has been obtained experimentally. Experimental work has been carried to compute the dynamic model parameters such as mass, stiffness, and damping coefficients. The simulated dynamic forces are illustrated graphically and are closely in agreement with the results obtained through manual broaching process.

A Dynamic Model of Presidential Nomination Campaigns

1980 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Difference Equation ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Presidential Nomination ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Selection Of

Recent campaigns have demonstrated the importance of dynamic elements in affecting the selection of presidential nominees. This paper develops a mathematical model to analyze these dynamics. The heart of the model is the assumed relationship between the ability to acquire resources and success in primaries and caucuses. The expenditure of resources leads to greater electoral success, while greater electoral success (in particular, exceeding expectations in a primary or caucus) leads to greater resource-gathering capabilities. A difference equation model of these relationships is proposed. I prove that any campaign of this form is necessarily unstable, which implies that most candidates will be “winnowed out” necessarily, while only a very few, but at least one candidate, will necessarily “have momentum.” This result is true whether there are two or many contenders. However, I also argue that the larger the number of candidates, the stronger the dynamic forces, and thus the more rapid the “winnowing out” process.

Dynamic 3D modeling and simulation of nanoparticles manipulation using an AFM nanorobot

Robotica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Korayem ◽  
A. K. Hoshiar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Disk Model ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Process Implementation ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Good Agreement

SUMMARYDue to the growing use of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) nanorobots in the moving and manipulation of cylindrical nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes and nanowires) and the fact that these processes cannot be simultaneously observed, a computer simulation of the involved forces for the purpose of predicting the outcome of the process becomes highly important. So far, no dynamic 3D model that shows changes in these forces in the course of process implementation has been presented. An algorithm is used in this paper to show in 3D, the manner by which the dynamic forces vary in the mentioned process. The presented model can simulate the forces exerted on the probe tip during the manipulation process in three directions. Because of the nonlinearity of the presented dynamic model, the effective parameters have been also studied. To evaluate the results, the parameters of the 3D case (cylindrical model) are gradually reduced and it is transformed into a 2D model (disk model); and we can observe a good agreement between the results of the two simulations. Next, the simulation results are compared with the experimental results, indicating changes in lateral force. With the help of the offered dynamic model, the cantilever deformation and the forces interacting between probe tip and particle can be determined from the moment the probe tip contacts the nanoparticle to when the nanoparticle dislodges from the substrate surface.

Geometric and Kinematic Modeling of a Variable Displacement Hydraulic Bent-Axis Piston Pump

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abuhaiba ◽  
Walter W. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Main Shaft ◽  
Kinematic Modeling ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Variable Displacement ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle

One of the problems of a hydraulic hybrid vehicle (HHV) reported from testing by EPA is that the noise levels emitted by the hydraulic system are not acceptable. The pump is the main source of noise in HHV systems. However, the lack of space, the high pressure, and the dynamics of components within the pump have prevented either direct observation or measurement of potential noise causing mechanisms within the pump structure. As a result, there are several theories as to the source of the noise from the pump units but little concrete information to further isolate and reduce the noise generation. In this paper, a kinematic and a geometric model of a bent-axis pump have been created as part of a complete dynamic model. The other elements of the complete dynamic model that are not discussed in this paper include finding the variation of piston pressure, flow rate, and dynamic forces acting on the pump components as a function of angular rotations of both the main shaft and the yoke in the time and frequency domains. These elements address the harmonics of the forces acting on the case of the pump and will be presented in a future paper. The model was constructed using MATHEMATICA™ software and verified against very well known conditions of the motion of the main shaft and the yoke. It was found that the model predicted the variations of the angular velocities and accelerations of the entire pump’s parts starting from the main shaft to the yoke.

Progresses on the Way to a Dynamic Model

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 872-875
Author(s):  
Heiner Bubb
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Motion Prediction ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
New Models ◽  
Posture Prediction

Anthropometric human models are useful especially when treating static layout problems. Animation tools normally are used to visualize working processes, but not for changing the hardware design of a working place. Questions about forces applied by humans can presently be answered only by the help of paper and pencil procedures. Even if such procedures exist in a software version, they remain appendages to the existing geometrical orientated modeling programs. Within the research project “RAMSIS-dynamic”, which was supported by BMW, new models have been developed for force, posture, and motion prediction based on experimental data. The procedure predicting the maximum forces uses calculated torque-ellipsoids. Dependencies of posture, gender and age are also considered in this model. For the posture prediction model the assumption is made that people try to minimize the ratio between necessary and maximum torque over all joints of their body. The resulting torque can be measured using a specially designed device. Additionally a model simulating target orientated motions of the limbs with low dynamic forces has been developed. This model considers some important factors like visual behavior, obstacle avoidance and different grasping modes. The three models were evaluated by comparison with real observed forces, postures and movements.

Short-term volume and turgor regulation in yeast

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Schaber ◽  
Edda Klipp
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Intracellular Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hydrodynamic Property ◽  
Turgor Regulation ◽  
Thermodynamic Framework

Volume is a highly regulated property of cells, because it critically affects intracellular concentration. In the present chapter, we focus on the short-term volume regulation in yeast as a consequence of a shift in extracellular osmotic conditions. We review a basic thermodynamic framework to model volume and solute flows. In addition, we try to select a model for turgor, which is an important hydrodynamic property, especially in walled cells. Finally, we demonstrate the validity of the presented approach by fitting the dynamic model to a time course of volume change upon osmotic shock in yeast.

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