scholarly journals REINFECTION OF Y-VIRUS ON SEED POTATO IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faniya Zamalieva
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Vector Activity ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship

The studies were carried out to identify the relationship between the vector activity of aphids and the intensity of Y-virus reinfection on seed potatoes. The growth rate of viral infection was assessed using the reinfection coefficient, which is the ratio between the rates of infection at the end and beginning of the growing season. The vector activity of aphids was determined for the entire growing season, taking into account the severity coefficients for different aphid species. The critical threshold for the vector activity of aphids was considered to be the abundance level equivalent to 50 specimens of the peach aphid. With the vector activity of aphids at the level of the critical threshold (1 CT), the coefficient of reinfection PVY of Nevskiy variety was at the level of 1. When it increased to 2.6 times the critical threshold, a 3.8… 4.8-fold increase in the coefficient of reinfection occurred. With a further increase in the vector activity of aphids to 4.3 and 10.5 critical threshold, it remained at the same level. The inhibition of the growth of critical threshold is explained by the fact that the Y-virus, as not persistent, remains in the carrier for a short time and therefore is transmitted to the same nearby surrounding plants. The accumulation of viral infection in the early stages of reproduction of the original and original material can occur latently, which is associated with a limited number of samples taken for analysis (200 ... 250 plants or tubers) and, accordingly, a low probability of detecting the degree of infection less than 0.5%. According to the results of calculations during the reproduction of seed with a reinfection coefficient of 4 and reaching the first reproduction with an infestation of 10%, the safe level of infestation of PVY in greenhouse minitubers should not exceed 0.01%, in the first field generation - 0.04%, in the super-super-elite - 0 , 15%, among the super elite - 0.6%, the elite - 2.5%

scholarly journals Flight activity of aphids as potential vectors of viral infection of alfalfa in Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Jovicic ◽  
Andja Radonjic ◽  
Olivera Petrovic-Obradovic
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Vector Activity

Flight activity of aphids as potential vectors of viral infection of alfalfa plants were monitored in Serbia for the first time in Europe. Research was conducted at the location Progar (Srem) for two years using six yellow water traps. A total of 1626 individual winged aphids were collected. The collected specimens were classified into 49 different taxa. During the two-year study, maximum population density of aphids and maximum potential vector activity were noted at the beginning of June, during the second alfalfa intercut. More than 65% of the collected specimens were potential vectors of the most important alfalfa viruses, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The most numerous winged aphid species on alfalfa were Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis pomi/spiraecola and Therioaphis trifolii. The Morisita-Horn similarity index was used to calculate similarities in species composition among the traps. High values of this index showed no significant differences among the aphids in traps. It indicates that one trap alone could provide good insight into the abundance, aphid diversity and number of potential vector species in small alfalfa fields.

scholarly journals Numerical and Species Composition of Insects Transmitting Viral Infection in North Ossetia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fаtima Gerieva ◽  
Irina Gazdanova ◽  
Soltan Basiev
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Mountain Zone ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
Spatial Isolation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

One of the major tasks in the production of original and elite potato seeds is to prevent the rapid re-infection of the healthy material with viruses in the open field. The high rate of infection with each subsequent reproduction reduces seed productivity and worsens the tuber varietal quality. Currently, about two dozen viruses that infect potatoes have been identified. In the field, most of the harmful viruses of potatoes are transmitted by insects such as aphids, cicadas and bedbugs. The purpose of our research was to study the species composition of transmitters and the intensity of their flight in North Ossetia. Studying the activity of the winged aphid vector is a prerequisite for the implementation of protective measures against re-infection of the sanitized material with viruses. The most important criteria characterizing aphids in transferring potato viruses during the growing season were as follows: the species composition, the dynamics of the potato planting periods, the timing of the critical threshold with regards to the number of aphids, and the total vector intensity during the growing season. There are very few aphid vectors in the mountain zone of the Republic of North Ossetia, which is at and above an altitude of 1,650 meters above sea level. Therefore, mountain regions of this height are a natural insulator against viral infection. In the foothill zone, the most numerous aphid vectors are bean, buckthorn, and alder buckthorn-willowherb aphids, whose number varies from 35 to 280 individuals per year on a Merike trap. Keywords: potatoes, insect vectors, a Merike trap, mountain zone, spatial isolation

Monitoring Anticoagulant Therapy by Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time: Hirudin Assessment

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Nurmohamed ◽  
René J Berckmans ◽  
Willy M Morriën-Salomons ◽  
Fenny Berends ◽  
Daan W Hommes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBackground. Recombinant hirudin (RH) is a new anticoagulant for prophylaxis and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis. To which extent the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is suitable for monitoring of RH has not been properly evaluated. Recently, a capillary whole blood device was developed for bed-side monitoring of the APTT and it was demonstrated that this device was suitable to monitor heparin therapy. However, monitoring of RH was not evaluated.Study Objectives. To evaluate in vitro and ex vivo the responsiveness and reproducibility for hirudin monitoring of the whole blood monitor and of plasma APTT assays, which were performed with several reagents and two conventional coagulometers.Results. Large interindividual differences in hirudin responsiveness were noted in both the in vitro and the ex vivo experiments. The relationship between the APTT, expressed as clotting time or ratio of initial and prolonged APTT, and the hirudin concentration was nonlinear. A 1.5-fold increase of the clotting times was obtained at 150-200 ng/ml plasma. However, only a 2-fold increase was obtained at hirudin levels varying from 300 ng to more than 750 ng RH/ml plasma regardless of the assays. The relationship linearized upon logarithmic conversion of the ratio and the hirudin concentration. Disregarding the interindividual differences, and presuming full linearity of the relationship, all combinations were equally responsive to hirudin.Conclusions. All assays were equally responsive to hirudin. Levels up to 300 ng/ml plasma can be reliably estimated with each assay. The manual device may be preferable in situations where rapid availability of test results is necessary.

Barley seed storage under controlled conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Home Environment and Falls for Older Adults With Visual Impairments

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 770-770
Author(s):  
Bonnielin Swenor ◽  
Aleksandra Mihailovic ◽  
Pradeep Ramulu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Engineering Society ◽  
Environment Assessment ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The home environment and features of the home have been identified as important risk factors for falls, and may pose particular risk for older adults with visual impairments given difficulty with hazard perception. We used data from 245 participants in the Falls in Glaucoma Study [mean age: 71 years, mean follow-up: 31 months] with homes graded using our previously validated Home Environment Assessment for the Visually Impaired (HEAVI), which quantifies the number of in-home fall-related hazards and found that neither the number of hazards nor the percentage of hazardous items were associated falls/year. However, each 10-fold increase in lighting was associated with a 35% lower rate of falls/year (RR=0.65, 95%CI=0.46 to 0.92) and there was a 50% reduction in falls/year when lighting was at or above 30 footcandles (minimum lighting level recommended by the Engineering Society of North America) compared to lighting <30 footcandles (RR=0.50, 95%CI=0.26 to 0.96).

scholarly journals The relationship between complement C3 expression and the MUC5B genotype in pulmonary fibrosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. L1-L10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Okamoto ◽  
Susan K. Mathai ◽  
Corinne E. Hennessy ◽  
Laura A. Hancock ◽  
Avram D. Walts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
C3 Gene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Complement System

The common gain-of-function MUC5B promoter variant ( rs35705950 ) is the strongest risk factor for the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While the role of complement in IPF is controversial, both MUC5B and the complement system play a role in lung host defense. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between complement component 3 (C3) and MUC5B in patients with IPF and in bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. To do this, we evaluated C3 gene expression in whole lung tissue from 300 subjects with IPF and 175 healthy controls. Expression of C3 was higher in IPF than healthy controls {1.40-fold increase [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–1.50]; P < 0.0001} and even greater among IPF subjects with the highest-risk IPF MUC5B promoter genotype [TT vs. GG = 1.59-fold (95% CI 1.15–2.20); P < 0.05; TT vs. GT = 1.66-fold (95% CI 1.20–2.30); P < 0.05]. Among subjects with IPF, C3 expression was significantly higher in the lung tissue without microscopic honeycombing than in the lung tissue with microscopic honeycombing [1.40-fold increase (95% CI 1.23– 1.59); P < 0.01]. In mice, while bleomycin exposure increased Muc5b protein expression, C3-deficient mice were protected from bleomycin-induced lung injury. In aggregate, our findings indicate that the MUC5B promoter variant is associated with higher C3 expression and suggest that the complement system may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF.

scholarly journals The relationship between SARS-COV-2 RNA positive duration and the risk of recurrent positive

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Xian-Xiang Chen ◽  
Qi Zhu ◽  
Wen-Xiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The management of discharge COVID-19 patients with recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA is challenging. However, there are fewer scientific dissertations about the risk of recurrent positive. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between SARS-COV-2 RNA positive duration (SPD) and the risk of recurrent positive. Methods This case–control multi-center study enrolled participants from 8 Chinese hospital including 411 participants (recurrent positive 241). Using unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses, generalized additive model with a smooth curve fitting, we evaluated the associations between SPD and risk of recurrent positive. Besides, subgroup analyses were performed to explore the potential interactions. Results Among recurrent positive patients, there were 121 females (50.2%), median age was 50 years old [interquartile range (IQR): 38–63]. In non-adjusted model and adjusted model, SPD was associated with an increased risk of recurrent positive (fully-adjusted model: OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08, P = 0.001); the curve fitting was not significant (P = 0.286). Comparing with SPD < 14 days, the risk of recurrent positive in SPD > 28 days was risen substantially (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.44–6.63, P = 0.004). Interaction and stratified analyses showed greater effect estimates of SPD and risk of recurrent positive in the hypertension, low monocyte count and percentage patients (P for interaction = 0.008, 0.002, 0.036, respectively). Conclusion SPD was associated with a higher risk of recurrent positive and especially SPD > 28 day had a two-fold increase in the relative risk of re-positive as compared with SPD < 14 day. What’s more, the risk may be higher among those with hypertension and lower monocyte count or percentage.

Diagnosis of CNS Involvement Questioned

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-783
Author(s):  
Stuart H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Reye's Syndrome ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Cns Disease ◽  
The Relationship

The report of Dr. Klimek et al. (Pediatrics 58:133, July 1976) concerning the relationship between infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and CNS disease recalls persisting difficulties in establishing the relationship between viral infection and CNS disease. Infection with a viral agent such as the varicella (VZ) virus may be associated with the detectable presence of the virus within the CNS (encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, etc.) or by inflammatory CNS disease in the absence of detectable evidence of the virus (parainfectious demyelinating disease or Reye's syndrome).1

scholarly journals Relations among Valencia orange yields with soil and leaf nutrients in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonez Fidalski ◽  
Pedro Antonio Martins Auler ◽  
Valdomiro Tormem
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
K Fertilization

The Valencia orange orchards established on soils of low fertility in the Northwest region of Paraná State, Brazil, have showed symptoms of Mg deficiency and reduced fruit yields. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between yield with soil and leaf nutrients during 1996/97 growing season. Two sites of low and high productivity were selected in seven orchards. Leaf and soil samples (fertilized rows and interrows) were collected in 1996. The results showed that the citrus yields were negatively related with soil Mg/K and Ca+Mg/K ratios in the fertilized rows, and fruit weight positively correlated with leaf Zn in the low productivity orchards. The fruit weight was positively related with leaf Ca and soil Ca in the fertilized rows of the high productivity orchards. The results suggested an adequate lime and K fertilization managements in the fertilized rows, as well as an adequate Zn supply.

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