Changing the properties of protective and decorative coatings during operation of furniture products

10.12737/2189 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Новоселова ◽  
Irina Novoselova ◽  
Фокина ◽  
Irina Fokina
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Paint Film ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Over Time

The authors conducted research to identify changes in the properties of coatings of furniture over time. Furniture products stored in warehouses and operated for five years were observed. The obtained results allow us to draw some conclusions. Change of gloss during operation on the inner surfaces was larger than on the facade and front ones. Factor fully affecting the change of decorative properties of the internal surfaces is paint film abrasion during usage by furniture contents (given that the coating of internal surfaces have smaller, compared with other, layer thickness).

scholarly journals Influence of TiO2 Nanocrystals on Alkyd Resin Paint Films to Protect Metals

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Le Huy Hai ◽  
Le Mai Xuan Truc ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Trung
Keyword(s):  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Paint Film ◽  
Powder Coating ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Actual Equipment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Tio2 Nanomaterials ◽  
Paint Films ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Aim and Objectives: Nowadays, nanomaterials technology is developing very quickly and bringing high economic efficiency for many industries including paint. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of paint properties when replacing TiO2 powder coating with nano TiO2 at different ratios. Materials and Methods: The research method is selecting the traditional alkyd paint formula, then replacing this coating powder TiO2 with nano TiO2 to monitor the properties of the paint film over time. Methods of analyzing the properties of the paint film are based on Vietnam standards. Results: The study results showed that TiO2 coating powder replaced by TiO2 nanomaterials has increased the properties of the paint film, improving the thickness, gloss, and durability of the paint film. Nano TiO2 increases from 0.5% to 24% by weight, the impact increased by about 11% (73 to 82 kg.cm), Glossy 60° increased by about 12%, Glossy 85° increased by about 12%, especially the durability of paint film over time increased nearly double. Nano TiO2 is a more expensive material than TiO2, so it should replace less than 4% by weight to increase the quality of the paint film, this ratio is changed according to the actual equipment requirements. Conclusions: The higher the rate of replacing TiO2 materials with TiO2 nano, the better the properties of the paint film. Therefore, nano-material TiO2 is a good coating in alkyd resin for metal paint, it improves the properties of paint film better than TiO2 material.

scholarly journals Association of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness, an Index of Neurodegeneration, With Depressive Symptoms Over Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. e2134753
Author(s):  
Frank C. T. van der Heide ◽  
Indra L. M. Steens ◽  
Anouk F. J. Geraets ◽  
Yuri D. Foreman ◽  
Ronald M. A. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber

scholarly journals Shallow firn cores 1989–2019 in southwest Greenland's percolation zone reveal decreasing density and ice layer thickness after 2012

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Åsa K. Rennermalm ◽  
Regine Hock ◽  
Federico Covi ◽  
Jing Xiao ◽  
Giovanni Corti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Percolation Zone ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Southwest Greenland

Abstract Refreezing of meltwater in firn is a major component of Greenland ice-sheet's mass budget, but in situ observations are rare. Here, we compare the firn density and total ice layer thickness in the upper 15 m of 19 new and 27 previously published firn cores drilled at 15 locations in southwest Greenland (1850–2360 m a.s.l.) between 1989 and 2019. At all sites, ice layer thickness covaries with density over time and space. At the two sites with the earliest observations (1989 and 1998), bulk density increased by 15–18%, in the top 15 m over 28 and 21 years, respectively. However, following the extreme melt in 2012, elevation-detrended density using 30 cores from all sites decreased by 15 kg m−3 a−1 in the top 3.75 m between 2013 and 2019. In contrast, the lowest elevation site's density shows no trend. Thus, temporary build-up in firn pore space and meltwater infiltration capacity is possible despite the long-term increase in Greenland ice-sheet melting.

scholarly journals Does Adhesive Layer Thickness and Tag Length Influence Short/Long-Term Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive Systems? An In-Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2635
Author(s):  
Naji Kharouf ◽  
Tarek Ashi ◽  
Ammar Eid ◽  
Levi Maguina ◽  
Jihed Zghal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Self Etch ◽  
Over Time

(1) Background: This study investigated the effect of the adhesive layer thickness and the length of resin tags on dentin bond strength of five universal adhesives applied in self-etch mode. (2) Methods: One hundred and fifty extracted human third molars were used. Five different universal adhesives were applied in self-etch mode on the dentin surface. Half of the specimens were subjected to an aging procedure for six months. A shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed and the results were statistically analyzed with a t-test and one-way ANOVA test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was executed to measure the adhesive layer thickness and tag depth. (3) Results: No statistical differences were found between the five adhesive systems after a 24 h storage period, regardless of layer thickness and tag depth (p < 0.05). After 6 months of aging in water at 37 °C, Iperbond Max and Scotchbond Universal preserved the bond strength over time (p < 0.05), whilst the SBS of Iperbond Ultra, FuturaBond M+, and Ibond Universal decreased significantly after the aging period. No relation was observed between the adhesive thickness or tags’ length on SBS. (4) Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, the stability over time of the bond strength of universal adhesives depends on their compositions regardless of the adhesive layer thickness and/or tags’ length.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Replication of Internal Biological Surfaces

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
J. A. Nowell ◽  
J. Pangborn ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Cerebral Ventricles ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Biological Surfaces ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Lung And Kidney ◽  
Scanning Electron

Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century, used injection replica techniques to study internal surfaces of the cerebral ventricles. Developments in replicating media have made it possible for modern morphologists to examine injection replicas of lung and kidney with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Deeply concave surfaces and interrelationships to tubular structures are difficult to examine with the SEM. Injection replicas convert concavities to convexities and tubes to rods, overcoming these difficulties.Batson's plastic was injected into the renal artery of a horse kidney. Latex was injected into the pulmonary artery and cementex in the trachea of a cat. Following polymerization the tissues were removed by digestion in concentrated HCl. Slices of dog kidney were aldehyde fixed by immersion. Rat lung was aldehyde fixed by perfusion via the trachea at 30 cm H2O. Pieces of tissue 10 x 10 x 2 mm were critical point dried using CO2. Selected areas of replicas and tissues were coated with silver and gold and examined with the SEM.

Structure and Orientation of As Precipitates in LT-MBE Grown GaAs

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 900-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Claverie ◽  
Zuzanna Liliental-Weber
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Crystalline Quality ◽  
Insulating Properties ◽  
Lt Gaas

GaAs layers grown by MBE at low temperatures (in the 200°C range, LT-GaAs) have been reported to have very interesting electronic and transport properties. Previous studies have shown that, before annealing, the crystalline quality of the layers is related to the growth temperature. Lowering the temperature or increasing the layer thickness generally results in some columnar polycrystalline growth. For the best “temperature-thickness” combinations, the layers may be very As rich (up to 1.25%) resulting in an up to 0.15% increase of the lattice parameter, consistent with the excess As. Only after annealing are the technologically important semi-insulating properties of these layers observed. When annealed in As atmosphere at about 600°C a decrease of the lattice parameter to the substrate value is observed. TEM studies show formation of precipitates which are supposed to be As related since the average As concentration remains almost unchanged upon annealing.

The stabilization of B.C.C. Cu in Cu/Nb nanolayered composites

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
H. Kung ◽  
A.J. Griffin ◽  
Y.C. Lu ◽  
K.E. Sickafus ◽  
T.E. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metastable Structure ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Potential Improvement ◽  
Two Phases

Materials with compositionally modulated structures have gained much attention recently due to potential improvement in electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties. Specifically, Cu-Nb laminate systems have been extensively studied mainly due to the combination of high strength, and superior thermal and electrical conductivity that can be obtained and optimized for the different applications. The effect of layer thickness on the hardness, residual stress and electrical resistivity has been investigated. In general, increases in hardness and electrical resistivity have been observed with decreasing layer thickness. In addition, reduction in structural scale has caused the formation of a metastable structure which exhibits uniquely different properties. In this study, we report the formation of b.c.c. Cu in highly textured Cu/Nb nanolayers. A series of Cu/Nb nanolayered films, with alternating Cu and Nb layers, were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering onto Si {100} wafers. The nominal total thickness of each layered film was 1 μm. The layer thickness was varied between 1 nm and 500 nm with the volume fraction of the two phases kept constant at 50%. The deposition rates and film densities were determined through a combination of profilometry and ion beam analysis techniques. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) was used to examine the structure, phase and grain size distribution of the as-sputtered films. A JEOL 3000F high resolution TEM was used to characterize the microstructure.

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