scholarly journals Protectionism and free trade correlation at the turn of the centuries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Consensus Pattern

The article studies the theory and practice of using the most important categories of state regulation of foreign trade – protectionism and free trade. That rational regulation in foreign trade policy can lead to the development of nation economies. The study considers historical aspects of the relevance of protectionism and free trade for different countries and their correlation under the influence of technological progress; underlines the urgency of the protectionism at the present stage of development of the world economy. Such a topicality of protectionism is caused by new phenomena in geopolitics and geo-economics that occurred at the turn of the century. The authors agree with the point of view that has been voiced in the past (by Friedrich Liszt), that free trade is an effective policy for developed countries. For those who do not have a highly developed industrial sector, elements of protectionism to protect the domestic economy remain extremely relevant. The policy that is imposed on the underdeveloped countries by the "Washington Consensus" pattern condemns the latter to a permanent lag. The ideas of protectionism remain topical for post-Soviet countries, where deindustrialization occurred during the quarter of a century, the share of the manufacturing sector in the structure of the national economy dropped sharply, and economic growth rates fell.

scholarly journals Development of innovation and investment potential of the industrial sector

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Iryna Anatoliivna Markina ◽  
Serhii Mykolaiovych MARCHYSHYNETS
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
System Development ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The main catalyst for effective transformations in the industrial sector of the economy is innovation and investment policy, which aims to increase the potential, namely the capacity of the manufacturing sector of the Ukrainian economy. The innovation and investment potential closely reflect the objectively existing possibility of socio-economic development of the human system. The purpose of the article is to clarify the basic principles and approaches that reflect the innovation and investment potential and the essence of innovation and investment development. Results. The state ideology in the field of innovation and investment policy is considered. A generalization of the concept of “development” of the philosophical point of view is presented. The decisive role of development in understanding the essence of everything is proved. The vector of development in terms of its regressive or progressive manifestation is considered. It is determined that the stages of development are the stages of system change, which include: appearance, upward stage of development, maximal development or maturity, regressive changes or downward stage, disintegration and death. The tendency of differentiation in socio-economic systems is determined. The essence of “becoming” as a stage in the system development is considered. The essence of the system's maturity is revealed. External and internal sources of system development are considered. On the basis of the theoretical generalization, the key properties of the concept of “development” are given: it acts as a form of constant movement forward from simple to complex form; the degree of development is determined by the influence of external and internal factors; the way of development of the system is determined by its basic motives, the degree of recognition by the system of objectively existing reality; development is possible if it’s provided by the quantitative parameters of the end goal; the form of its implementation is cyclical or spiral; analysis of development must be carried out in two directions of research: in the material and spiritual worlds. The definition of “innovation” is given. The essence of scientific and technological progress as a basis of economic development is considered and the vision of leading scientists-economists on this phenomenon is presented. Quantitative estimates of the impact of innovative GDP growth are provided. The quantitative contribution of various factors of economic growth of a market economy is given. Key words: management, enterprise, potential, innovations, investments, innovation and investment develop-ment.

scholarly journals The Role of Power Generation and Industrial Consumption Uncertainty in De-industrialising Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4I) ◽  
pp. 517-536
Author(s):  
Bushra Yasmin ◽  
Wajeeha Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Natural Outcome ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
The Impact

The term deindustrialisation refers to the process of socio-economic changes taking place due to reduction in the industrial capacity and/or the loss of industrial potential of an economy. This also connotes the secular decline in the share of industrial sector employment as observed in developed countries since 1970s. The secular shift from manufacturing to services sector reflects the impact of discrepancy in productivity growth between the said sectors. A faster rise in productivity in manufacturing sector than in services switches the employment from manufacturing to the services sector, as suggested by Rowthorn and Ramaswamy (1997). Generally, deindustrialisation is considered as the natural outcome of economic development because it involves the transformation from primitive agriculture-based economy to the modern industrial-based. After the establishment of manufacturing sector, the long-run economic growth stimulates an innovation-based economy implying the services sector’s growth [Galor (2005)]. However, the process requires a gradual shift accompanied by allied institutional and infrastructural reforms and the process of deindustrialisation occurs at the later stage of development.

Assessment and analysis of efficiency system management by innovative factors for sustainable development of national economy from the position satisfaction of vital interests population in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Оксана Василівна Бондар-Підгурська ◽  
Алла Олександрівна Глєбова
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
System Management ◽  
Stage Of Development

The scientific and methodological approach to the evaluation and analysis of the efficiency of system management by innovation factors for sustainable development of national economy from the point of view satisfaction vital interest’s population is developed. This is the calculation of the modernized index human development based on the adjective model based on 26 indicators (social, economic and environmental subsystems), as well as using the methods of the main components and the slip matrix. The resultant value is the modernized Human Development Index (MHDІ) of Ukraine. The architectonics MHDІ of Ukraine in 2007–2017 from the position of sub-indices of the ecological, social and economic subsystems is analyzed. Consequently, the scientific and methodological approach based on the MHDI change allows us to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the work and public administration bodies in the context of making managerial decisions regarding the satisfaction of the vital interest’s population. MHDI considers the main regulated parameter of the system management in the innovation factors of sustainable development in socially oriented economy. The tendency of steady decline MHDI of Ukraine in 2007–2017 on 53.45 % was confirmed, which confirms inefficient state regulation of crisis situations in Ukraine. In order to increase the efficiency management of innovative factors by sustainable development of the national economy, from the standpoint of satisfaction vital interest’s population, it is proposed to intensify the use of public debt and savings bonds, market and non-market methods of relief and debt load. This is due to the fact that at the current stage of development in the national economy, public external debt is one of the most significant indicators of the state economy. It is at the same time a criterion for the effectiveness of public financial policy, as well as a threat and opportunity for the Ukrainian economy. In order to optimize its size, various methods, approaches, tools are used. Based on the analysis of world experience, it has been established that the securities market, in particular debt securities, plays a strategic role in regulating this issue. Therefore, it makes sense to recommend government debt bonds and government savings bonds to optimize the amount of external public debt.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Dzhukh ◽  
Olha Mykhailenko ◽  
Maria Alipatova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Right

Any business entity in a competitive environment must assess the degree of its own competitiveness in order to function effectively and assess its prospects for the future. Having information about personal competitive positions, industrial firms have the opportunity to reveal their advantages, choose the right tactics of behavior and strategy, true to the realities of the latest market processes. The basis of competitive advantages of enterprises is the socio-economic and progressive technological and organizational base, the ability to analyze and take timely measures to strengthen competitive advantages. The article analyzes ways to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises. At the current stage of development of the national economy, the main issue to be addressed is the development of effective facilitators and mechanisms that will increase the competitiveness of domestic producers in the market and will guarantee the overall strengthening of Ukraine’s economic situation. The purpose of the article is to identify ways to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise. Compare the tools that allow you to find your weaknesses, the elimination of which can increase the competitiveness of the organization. The strategic goal is to increase the competitiveness of the domestic economy through innovation, which will create advantages for domestic producers to compete with opponents in domestic and international markets, and help Ukraine to take one of the first places among developed countries. Competitiveness is a key concept that is actively used in theory and practice of management, is a multifaceted concept, which translated from Latin means rivalry, the struggle to achieve the best results. This opens for Ukraine the possibility of transition to world standards of rational and reasonable energy consumption, development of natural resources, raising the level of technology, legal protection of intellectual property. The ultimate goal of these shifts is to create progressive and competitive innovative products on world markets. It should be noted that in the context of globalization and ever-increasing competition, the basis of competitiveness is innovation, which allows countries with innovative competitive advantages to take their rightful place in the world community.

scholarly journals Mechanism of improvement of logistics system in agro-industrial complex of Belarus in the conditions of regional trade and economic integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
N. V. Kireyenka ◽  
A. L. Kosava
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Food System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

In conditions of establishing market relations and development of integration processes, efficient functioning of agrarian complex of the Republic of Belarus requires searching for new mechanisms and methods to improve competitiveness. As experience of economically developed countries of the world shows, states and producers actively use diverse logistic solutions, models, strategies and methods for planning and arranging activities. Organization of resource support for agricultural producers and promotion of their products in market according to logistics principles results in a significant economic, social and environmental effect. The paper, in the context of the modern period, presents social and economic indicators of the transport and logistics sector, system of state regulation, structural characteristics of logistics centers, agricultural foreign trade and logistics infrastructure. The main factors were identified hindering development of agrologistics in Belarus. Organizational and economic mechanism has been developed for improving logistical activities at the interstate (EAEU) and national levels have been developed. In case of proposal to create a single agrologistics market of Eurasian Economic Union at the interstate level, it is planned to increase efficiency of the national agrologistics market on the national level based on expansion of logistics infrastructure. Via integration of several prediction methods (expert assessments (pessimistic, optimistic and probabilistic opinions), economic and mathematical (extrapolation, time series analysis), non-standard (verbal information)), a reasonable forecast of development of logistics centers of the Republic of Belarus until 2025 was made. The issues in the paper are of interest for preparation of draft state programs and strategies in the field of agrologistics and development of exchange activities, development of country position in implementation of the agreed agro-industrial policy of the EAEU Member States.Acknowledgments. The study was performed within the framework of the following research programs and assignments: State program of scientific research “Quality and efficiency of agro-industrial production” for 2016–2020, subprogram 1 “Economics of agro-industrial complex”, task 1.3 “Study of theoretical and methodological basis for efficient functioning of the national food system, improvement of foreign economic activity of agro-industrial complex, methods and mechanisms of management for agricultural products quality in the context of deepening regional and international integration ” for 2016–2018; State Research and Technical Program “Agropromkompleks-2020” for 2016–2020, subprogram “Agropromkompleks – efficiency and quality”, task 1.1 “Develop a system of scientifically substantiated recommendations ensuring sustainable and efficient functioning of the national food market, foreign trade policy of the agro-industrial complex of Belarus, forming of mechanism of state regulation of agricultural products quality in the context of development of the world trade and economic space” for 2016–2018.

The Status of Foreign Trades Under Globalization in Developing and Developed Countries With Turkey

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-201
Author(s):  
Nurullah Güleç ◽  
Cihat Öztürk ◽  
Deniz Efendioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Equipment Investment ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Investment Goods ◽  
The Relationship

In Turkey, the volume of foreign trade, which was very small in the first years of the republic, raised due to the increasing population and the reviving economy. Imports and exports for Turkey, the proportion of equipment, investment goods, and raw materials that would have been used for industrialization has increased. Another type of trade that is desired to be implemented in Turkey in recent years is free trade. The implementations for free trade also bring the question together with themselves. Does globalization always affect developing countries in a positive correlation with their economies? The data taken from KOF Index of Globalization from ETH Zurich are going to be used to see the relationship with the data coming from imports and exports. Then for all developing countries a classification study is done and the relation of developing countries and Turkey is examined. The purpose of the chapter is to examine the number of imports and exports due to globalization indexes to understand the real impact and the direction of globalization from the perspective of Turkey.

CONCEPTUAL AND VALUE-BASED ARCHETYPES OF “HAVING” AND “BEING” IN SELF-REGULATION OF ADVERTISING

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 274-284
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Vasylіvna Serdechna
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Interests ◽  
Corporate Social

The publication is devoted to actual problems of theory and practice of self-regulation in the process of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of advertising, which, as part of the information space and mass culture in many countries, influences the formation of value orientations of society. The problem of conceptual bases of management and regulation of the advertising sphere, the correlation of state regulation and self-regulation continues to be relevant for many countries, including European countries. The article deals with the social aspects of self-regulation in the context of the value-semantic archetypes of “having” and “being” from the point of view of the social concept of E. Fromm. Are generalized the particular methods and forms of effective self- regulation in European states, the experience of “having” and “being”, which affect both the functioning and development of self-regulation, and the level of corporate social responsibility of the advertising business, is substantiated. It is shown that the achievement of harmonization of relations between the advertising business, society and the state requires the transformation of the priorities of advertising self-government from the protection of corporate interests to cooperation with society. Some methods and forms of effective self-regulation in European states are generalized, the experience of which can become reference points for both the European advertising community and the global advertising industry. The author substantiates the conclusion that creative possession, when the subjects of advertising self-government have an active motivation of “being”, which supplements and does not exclude the corporate interests of “having”, influences the formation of effective self-regulation in the sphere of advertising.

State regulation of the tourism industry: possible ways od development

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Светлана Огнева ◽  
Svetlana Ogneva ◽  
Светлана Ништ ◽  
Svetlana Nisht
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Business Entities

The article is devoted to the theory and practice of state regulation in the sphere of tourism. The article considers the concept of state regulation, main tasks, functions, and objectives; the main elements of the system of state regulation. Confirmed are the need to change the forms and methods of state regulation in a market economy while maintaining the significant role of the state. The classification of measures of state regulation is proposed. The authors describe characteristic instruments of state regulation applied in accordance with Russian law, in relation to the tourism industry, the peculiarities of application of measures of state regulation of tourism at the regional level and the possibility of transferring some of them to the federal level, and the fixing of these legislative measures. Such measures may include the creation of material safety of organizations of the tourism industry, the classification by security category. It is proposed to form a national system for the protection of tourists aimed at increasing the responsibility of all executive authorities involved in this process. Special attention is paid to interaction of executive authorities and business on the basis of state-private partnership and regulation, in order to reduce administrative burden on tourism and hotel activities. Proposals are made on the transfer of authority to carry out the classification of the objects of the tourism industry bodies self-regulation of business in order to reduce public costs for the implementation of this activity and accountability of hotel organizations for the quality of services provided. Identified are measures to improve the quality of regulation: assessment of alternative ways of achieving this goal (to overcome the flaw of the market) at the stage of development of the draft of regulatory solutions; procedural restrictions on the adoption of measures required for implementation by business entities; providing public procedures of regulatory decision-making.

Post-crisis India’s Merchandise Export Growth: What Has Changed?

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 270-293
Author(s):  
Anirudha Barik
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Jel Code ◽  
The Developed Countries

This article comprehensively examines the growth and pattern of India’s merchandise exports during and following the financial crisis period (2007–08 to 2016–17) using Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics and United Nations Commodity Trade/World Integrated Trade Solution trade data. The entire analysis is based on leading trade indices and indicators and the results confirm that significant change in India’s trading structure is associated with the fast growth of foreign trade. The composition of exports has undergone changes overtime, bearing a strong influence of factor endowments and technology in favour of both human capital intensive and technology intensive sectors. The magnitude of product diversification shows that India’s export basket is poorly diversified but more diversified than BRICS countries except China. India’s export destinations showed a major shift from the developed countries market to the emerging markets in Asia and Africa. However, India holds more increased trade intensity with USA and Hong Kong. Dynamism in labour-intensive manufacturing sector is vital to promote India’s exports of agricultural value-added products and enable more competitive at the world. Also, the development of new markets should be viewed as part of a wider effort to enlarge the India’s foreign trade. JEL Code: F10, F14, F19

scholarly journals Tendencies of Development of Foreign Investment in the World Market of Services of the Industrial Construction

Upravlenie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Смирнов ◽  
E. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
International Investment ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union

Basic and functional priorities of innovative development of our country should be estimated and considered, first of all, in the context of its cooperation with the European Union (EU) which is our main external economic partner. It is caused by a complex of historical, economic, geographical, cultural and political factors and regularities. However progressive approaches of developed countries to forming of the national innovative systems (NIS) are also important from the point of view of their use for the solution of the same problems in Russia. Forming of mechanisms of interstate regulation of innovative development at the level of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) shall consider: orientation to broad support of the basic and improving innovations, a combination of state regulation and a market mechanism in development of the innovative sphere, assistance to the international investment cooperation and a transfer of technologies, protection of interests of an innovative entrepreneurship, social aspects of orientation of interstate innovative policy. In the article the problems of development of an innovative cooperation at the level of EEU in the context of creation of effective integration consolidation are analyzed and generalized.

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