scholarly journals Impact and Selectivity of Insecticides to Predators and Parasitoids

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Lemes Fernandes ◽  
Leandro Bacci ◽  
Maria Sena Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Lower Solubility ◽  
De Se ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

Problems with the use of insecticides has brought losses, such as, negative impact on natural enemies. When these beneficial insects reduce cause the eruption of pests and resurgence it’s more common. Thus principles of conservation these arthropods are extremely important in the biological natural control of pests, so that these enemies may present a high performance. Because of the negative impacts caused by insecticides on agriculture and their harmful effects on natural enemies, the objective of this article is to approach two important subjects, divided into three parts. Part I relates to the description of the main crop pests and their natural enemies; Part II involves the impact of insecticides on predators and parasitoids and Part III focuses on the selectivity of several groups of insecticides to natural enemies. Before spraying insecticides, it is necessary to choose a product that is efficient to pests and selective to natural enemies. So, it is indispensable to identify correctly the groups and species of natural enemies, since insecticides have an impact on their survival, growth, development, reproduction (sexual ratio, fecundity, longevity and fertility), and behavior (motility, orientation, feeding, oviposition and learning) of insects. The mechanisms of toxicity and selectivity of insecticides are related to the properties of higher or lower solubility and molecular weight. Besides, characteristics of the cuticular composition of the integument of natural enemies are extremely important in the selectivity of a product or the tolerance of a certain predator or parasitoid to this molecules. Impacto e Seletividade de Inseticidas para Predadores e Parasitóides Resumo.Dentre os problemas advindos do uso de inseticidas, a destruição de inimigos naturais é fator importante. Estes insetos benéficos podem reduzir problemas de erupção de pragas secundárias, ressurgência de pragas e manter a praga abaixo do nível de dano econômico. Dessa forma a conservação de inimigos naturais, para que os mesmos exerçam alta performance frente às pragas, é de extrema importância em controle biológico de pragas. Método de controle essencial utilizados nos programas de manejo integrado de pragas. Tendo em vista os impactos negativos dos inseticidas na agricultura e os seus efeitos adversos sobre os inimigos naturais, este artigo visa abordar dois assuntos importantes, que para isso é dividido em três partes. A parte I relacionada com o reconhecimento das principais pragas agrícolas e seus inimigos naturais; a parte II envolve o impacto dos inseticidas sobre os predadores e parasitóides e a parte III abordará sobre a seletividade dos diversos grupos de inseticidas aos inimigos naturais. Antes de se pulverizar inseticida é necessário a escolha de um produto que seja seletivo e eficiente, assim torna-se imprescindível identificar de forma correta os grupos e espécies de inimigos naturais. Uma vez que os inseticidas apresentam impacto sobre a sobrevivência, o crescimento e desenvolvimento, na reprodução (razão sexual, fecundidade, longevidade e fertilidade), no comportamento (mobilidade, orientação, alimentação, oviposição e aprendizado). Os mecanismos de toxicidade e seletividade dos inseticidas estão relacionados às propriedades de maior ou menor solubilidade e peso molecular. Além disso, características da composição cuticular do integumento dos inimigos naturais são de extrema importância na seletividade de um produto ou a tolerância de determinado predador ou parasitóide.

scholarly journals Penyuluhan Tentang Bahaya Penyalahgunaan Narkotik, Psikotropika dan Zat Aditif Bagi Siswa Siswi SMA dan SMK Mutiara 17 Agustus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwitiyanti Dwitiyanti ◽  
Kriana Efendi ◽  
Supandi Supandi
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Community Services ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

<p>The community services which was carried out entitled "<strong> </strong>Counseling About The Danger Of Narkotic, Psychotropics and Aditive Subtance Abuse For High School Students Mutiara 17 Augustus", aimed to increase students' knowledge and awareness of negative impact of drug abuse and to direct teenagers to channel energy in positive activities, as well as raising awareness raising and establishing self-defense against the dangers posed by drug abuse. The targets achieved were improving understanding and providing information regarding the use, dangers and impacts of drug abuse. Method of implementation of Empowerment Activities and Community Service to partners in the form of mapping of students by way of data the number of students, gender, age, hobbies, smoking/not. The counseling was done by describing psychotropic narcotic drugs and other additives, negative impacts of drug abuse, discussion and questioning, distribution of leaflets aware of drug abuse and evaluation. The result of this dedication shows the students have an increased understanding compared to before being given counseling about the drug and its harmful effects, thereby increasing students' awareness of the impact that can be generated.</p>

scholarly journals Please Like Me: Ingratiation as a Moderator of the Impact of the Perception of Organizational Politics on Job Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7455
Author(s):  
Triana Fitriastuti ◽  
Pipiet Larasatie ◽  
Alex Vanderstraeten
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Perception Of Organizational Politics ◽  
The Impact

Drawing from the negative impacts of the perception of organizational politics (POP) on the literature on organizational outcomes, the model proposed in this study examines a nonlinear relationship of POP on job satisfaction. In a similar way, ingratiation as a moderator variable is tested. Based on a survey of 240 state-owned enterprise employees in Indonesia, this study finds that POP exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with job satisfaction. Low and high levels of POP have a negative impact on job satisfaction. Nevertheless, our most intriguing finding is that ingratiation behavior not only strengthens POP’s effects on job satisfaction, but can also alter the direction of the relationship in which its shape is represented by a U-shape. This shape indicates that the employees who engage in high levels of ingratiation as a coping mechanism and adaptive strategy tend to do so when they perceive high degrees of POP. These results are then discussed from a cross-cultural perspective as an attempt to explain the legitimacy of ingratiation in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Classes of University Students in Pakistan as Predictors of their Personality Traits: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-221
Author(s):  
Rafaqat Ali ◽  
Furrukh Bashir ◽  
Rashid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Socioeconomic Class ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

The current study was heading for determining the impact of Pakistani university students’ socioeconomic classes on their personality traits. Demographic and personality questionnaires were filled by available university students online. The stepwise regression technique facilitated to generate regression models to define impacts of different socioeconomic classes on students’ different personality traits. Different regression models highlighted the significant negative impacts of the middle upper socioeconomic class on Agreeableness, Extraversion and Neuroticism personality traits. The lower socioeconomic class was found to have positive impact on only one personality sub-trait self-discipline. Whereas, the upper lower socioeconomic class caused positive impacts on students’ trust sub-trait, Conscientiousness trait and negative impact on excitement seeking sub-trait of personality. The importance of these impacts of socioeconomic classes on different personality traits and the possible implications are discussed with respect to university students’ academic performance and academic behaviour.

scholarly journals The practice of Cousin Marriage in the Community of Kalola Village, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Muhammd Rizal Soulisa ◽  
Lukman S. Thahir ◽  
Malkan Malkan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Cousin Marriage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

The aim of this paper is to discuss the practice of cousin marriage in the community of Kalola Village, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi. This study uses qualitative methods and data was gathered through observation, in-depth interviews, and written material. Data analysis was analyzed using grounded theory approach. the background of a cousin marriage in the Mandar tribe community in Kalola Village is a tradition that has been strong for a long time in the community, in addition to the factor of maintaining a large family and protecting property. Meanwhile, the impact of cousin marriage includes both positive and negative impacts. The positive impact is to reduce the number of conflicts in the community and strengthen local political systems, while the negative impact is the breakdown of kinship in the event of conflict and divorce and health risks.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Permainan Online Terhadap Kecerdasan Fisik Motorik Anak Usia Dini

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Andri Arif Kustiawan ◽  
Shinta Aulia Enggarwati
Keyword(s):  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Literacy Studies ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children's Development ◽  
Children’S Development

Technology is developing very rapidly so that it can simplify human work, both science, information, games, buying and selling, and so on on the internet. Apart from having an impact on the fast and easy access to information, it also has an impact on health, social, intelligence, psychological, financial and other aspects. It is excessive if it is overused to make it addictive. Such as addiction to online games, TikTok, and youtube which results in dependence and underestimates health and time. This research uses literacy studies. The purpose of this study is to present findings of the impact of gadget use on children. The results show that technological advances have both positive and negative impacts. There are various kinds of game applications that are easily accessed by children, both game content and those that can stimulate children's development, such as creativity, memory, physical motor, cognitive and so on. So it is necessary to take preventive steps so that technological developments can also reduce the negative impact on children's development.

scholarly journals PENGARUH GADGET TERHADAP POLA INTERAKSI SOSIAL DAN KOMUNIKASI SISWA

Gunahumas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-282
Author(s):  
Dindin Syahyudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction

Abstrak Kemajuan dibidang teknologi adalah suatu keniscayaan yang tidak bisa kita hindari. Kemajuan teknologi ini sangat membantu siswa mencari dan mendapatkan ilmu dengan cepat dan Belajar pun bisa dilaksanakan dimana saja dan kapan saja dengan bantuan alat komunikasi yang canggih.Tetapi disamping manfaat yang bisa diperoleh dari penggunaannya, muncul pula dampak negatif seperti munculnya rasa malas untuk melakukan aktifitas sosial dan menyebabkan turunnya daya konsentrasi terutama disaat belajar yang tak sedikit membuat anak menjadi tertekan serta terpisah dari lingkungan sosialnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana dampak yang diakibatkan dari penggunaan gadget terhadap pola komunikasi dan interaksi sosial dikalangan siswa SMP Negeri 5 Tarogong Kidul Garut pada tahun pelajaran 2019-2020. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dampak negatif dari penggunaan gadget yang dialami oleh siswa berupa malas beraktifitas, kelelahan fisik, kecanduan yang mengakibatkan pengeluaran uang untuk membeli pulsa, konsentrasi belajar berkurang dan bentuk kenakalan lainnya. Dampak negatif yang paling tinggi adalah malasnya siswa beraktifitas sosial sebesar 81.81% dan berkurangnya daya konsentrasi siswa yang bahkan mencapai 100% dari total siswa pengguna gadget yang diberikan kuesioner tersebut. Kata kunci : Pengaruh Gadget; Pola Interaksi; Komunikasi Abstract The advancement of technology is a necessity that we cannot avoid. This technological advancement really help students find and gain knowledge quickly and learning can be carried out anywhere and at any time with the help of sophisticated communication tools. But besides the benefits that can be obtained from its use, the negative impacts such as the emergence of laziness to do social activities arise and cause a decrease in the power of concentration, especially when learning that make students become depressed and separated from their social environment. The purpose of this research is to determine the extent of the impact resulting from the use of gadgets on communication patterns and social interactions among students of SMP Negeri 5 Tarogong Kidul Garut in the academic year 2019-2020. The research method used is quantitative descriptive and questionnaire as a research instrument. The results showed the negative impact of the use of gadgets experienced by students in the form of lazy to do activities, physical exhaustion, addiction that resulted in spending money to buy credit, reduced learning concentration and other forms of delinquency. The highest negative impact is the laziness of students with social activities of 81.81% and the reduced of students’concentration who even reach 100% from the total students of gadget users given the questionnaire. Keywords : Effects of Gadgets; Patterns of Interaction; Communication

Communication Process in Family Reinforcing the Gender Differences in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Sabiha Yeasmin Rosy ◽  
Md. Mynul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
The World ◽  
Public World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Family is an important institution to build a person's personality, morality, value and attitude. When this institution communicates properly, it shows the impact e.g. a boy or a girl becomes social human being. Unfortunately in our family gender biasness is reinforced continuously by starting to behave differently with boys and girls from the childhood. Parents communicate with them in a different way which constructs the traits of “masculinity” and “femininity”. Girls are compelled to learn the feminine role with politeness, submissiveness and their mobility is restricted in public world. It is a family which trains a girl to be a good mother, wife, sister or daughter, on the other hand a boy learns to be social, intellectual, able to run the world and strong. This different formation of role and behavior results in the ongoing discrimination everywhere in the society. This reinforcement is sort of relief from social stigmatization but has overall negative impact on life and through this family can be counted as the main birthplace of discrimination against women. Girls and boys must be raised neutrally to eradicate the gender differences and ensure the equality.

Is a Corruption Crackdown Really Good for the Economy? Firm-Level Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Xu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We study the impact of anticorruption efforts on firm performance, exploiting an unanticipated corruption crackdown in China’s Heilongjiang province in 2004. We compare firms in the affected regions with those in other inland regions before and after the crackdown. Our main finding is an overall negative impact of the crackdown on firm productivity and entry rates. Furthermore, these negative impacts are mainly experienced by private and foreign firms, while state-owned firms are mostly unaffected. We present evidence concerning two potential explanations for our findings. First, the corruption crackdown may have limited bribery opportunities that helped private firms operate. Second, the corruption crackdown may have interfered with personal connections between private firms and government officials to a greater extent than institutional connections between state-owned firms and the government. Overall, our findings suggest that corruption crackdowns may not restore efficiency in the economy, but instead lead to worse economic outcomes, at least in the short run (JEL L2, M1, O1).

The Impact of Legal Immigration on the Nationality of the Immigrant

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (0) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Raad Miqdad Mahmod ◽  
Mohammed Subhi Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dual Nationality ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Legal Immigration ◽  
The Impact

The term immigration means and individual or a group of individuals leave their country and intending not to return and to abandon its nationality and going to another country to settle in and obtain its nationality. Legal immigration has both positive and negative impacts on the nationality of the immigrant. As for the positive impact, the immigrant shall obtain a new nationality namely the nationality of the Country of Diaspora after staying there for a period of time stipulated by its laws in order to make sure that the immigrant does not intend to return to their country of original nationality. In addition to that, immigrant should fulfill other conditions that the Country of Diaspora has the ultimate right to set. As for the negative impact, the immigrant loses their original nationality for obtaining the nationality of the Country of Diaspora in order to avoid the dual nationality. Legislations in some countries may stipulate that immigrant should abandon their original nationality in case of obtaining the nationality of the Country of Diaspora.

Dissipation rates of some selected pesticides from the soil of tea agroecosystem in Assam, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumnam Devashree ◽  
B. K. Dutta ◽  
S. B. Paul ◽  
Sudip Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was carried out in Rosekandy Tea Estate, Barak Valley, Assam to investigate the persistence of some selected pesticides (i.e Endosulfan, Fipronil, Paraquat and 2,4-D) on the soil. These pesticides were applied in the soil as per the application rate, where one year old tea plants were growing and the residue were analysed for a period of 50 days. Their degradation kinetics in soil was also studied and described. Soil samples were collected with the help of soil corer. The samples were brought to the laboratory, air dried in room temperature and extracted for analysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the pesticides 2,4-D was highly persistent with half life of 57.75 days followed by Endosulfan which lost 42.64% of its initial concentration by the last sampling period (i.e 50 days) after the spraying. Fipronil and paraquat lost 65% and 70.32% of initial residue in soil making them the least persistent amongst these pesticides in the studied soil. Considering the impact of pesticide residues on human health, the less persistent pesticides may be used in tea plantations to minimize the potential negative impact of pesticides in the environment. The cost benefit ratios of the use of the pesticides should be also worked out.

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