Działalność propagandowa polskiego podziemia na Wileńszczyźnie w świetle zbiorów „bernardyńskich”

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bożerocki
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
State Security ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Post War ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Regular Character

PROPAGANDA ACTIVITY OF THE POLISH SECRET STATE IN THE VILNIUS REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE “BERNARDINE” COLLECTIONS FROM THE YEARS 1939-1944 The so-called “Bernardine” Archives of the Home Army found in February 1995 in the Vilnius church of St. Francis of Assisi (Bernardine church) are an interesting source for the analysis of activities of the Information and Propaganda Bureau of the Home Army Vilnius District. The circumstances of finding the documents and their transfer to the state archives are also interesting. They were stolen and later transferred to the archives. The whole case was of particular interest to the Department of State Security. The documents that make up the “Bernardine” collection describe in detail the propaganda activity of the BIP [Bureau for Information and Propaganda] in the Vilnius District of the Home Army. Propaganda activity can be classified into several levels, according to its impact, its methods and effects. Low (micro) level propaganda is not very effective. At the micro level, momentary feelings are evoked in the recipient by one-off prints or short-term manifestations. Meso-level propaganda is of regular character. At this stage, the communicated content is prepared by specialists working in the institution responsible for the consistency of the communicated content and its dissemination. Large-scale propaganda activities can be described as propaganda at the macro level, aiming to change the behaviour of society. Propaganda at this level can be described as total propaganda. Here, messages are broadcast by various media and various institutions. This type of categorisation of propaganda makes it easier to present the communication and information activities of the Polish resistance movement. The article describes in detail the circumstances of finding, theft and return of Home Army documents. Using the example of the “Bernardine” collection, the ideas of the Polish-Lithuanian federation that appeared in the announcements of the Home Army BIP of the Vilnius District are analysed in detail. Two types of communication dominate in the analysed documents of the “Bernardine” collections. The first is “federalist” communication, according to which both states and nations would have equal rights and influence. The second one, based on the notion of “incorporation” assumes that Lithuania was to become an integral part of post-war Poland, but with ensuring cultural autonomy for Lithuanians.

scholarly journals POST-WAR CRIMINAL PROSECUTION OF COLLABORATIONISTS IN THE MOLOTOV REGION: TO THE ASSESSMENT OF IMPUTATIONS’ VALIDITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
A. B. Suslov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
State Security ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Post War ◽  
Intensive Work ◽  
Penal Sanctions

The paper is aimed at examining criminal prosecution of the collaborationists, which is one of the most important activities of the post-war Soviet state security bodies. The research is based on the files of state security bodies in the Molotov region. In historiography, the issue is in general explored. Particularly, some papers describe well the evolution of legislative environment for criminal justice and penal sanctions for collaborationism. However, scholars, as a rule, do not verify information that can be found in official documents. Therefore, the author focuses mainly on the opportunities of using the investigations’ files as sources for the assessment of validity of imputations of collaborationism. The source analysis shows that, in general, a style of the significant part of accused persons’ evidences which can be found in the records of interrogations, bills of indictment, and other materials of the studied trials, shows an adequate representation of the most part of events. The author demonstrates that the state security bodies of Molotov region did an important work for the state and society, disclosing collaborationists and initiating criminal prosecution against them. They did a large-scale and intensive work to identify the criminals and prove their guilt. The analysis of declassified documents of investigation bodies and tribunals lets the author to conclude that a large part of those evidences are persuasive. However, the ability to extend the research results to the activity of the state security service as a whole depends on whether historians would have the opportunity for studying all the doc- Уголовное преследование … 117 uments of the Soviet state security service of the war and post-war period dealing with the trials against collaborationists

Scheming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán Damer
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Housing Scheme ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Voice ◽  
House Building

This book seeks to explain how the Corporation of Glasgow, in its large-scale council house-building programme in the inter- and post-war years, came to reproduce a hierarchical Victorian class structure. The three tiers of housing scheme which it constructed – Ordinary, Intermediate, and Slum-Clearance – effectively signified First, Second and Third Class. This came about because the Corporation uncritically reproduced the offensive and patriarchal attitudes of the Victorian bourgeoisie towards the working-class. The book shows how this worked out on the ground in Glasgow, and describes the attitudes of both authoritarian housing officials, and council tenants. This is the first time the voice of Glasgow’s council tenants has been heard. The conclusion is that local council housing policy was driven by unapologetic considerations of social class.

scholarly journals Resource allocation in the Covid-19 health crisis: are Covid-19 preventive measures consistent with the Rule of Rescue?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian W. März ◽  
Søren Holm ◽  
Michael Schlander
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Rule Of Rescue ◽  
Post War ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
N95 Respirators

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has led to a health crisis of a scale unprecedented in post-war Europe. In response, a large amount of healthcare resources have been redirected to Covid-19 preventive measures, for instance population-wide vaccination campaigns, large-scale SARS-CoV-2 testing, and the large-scale distribution of protective equipment (e.g., N95 respirators) to high-risk groups and hospitals and nursing homes. Despite the importance of these measures in epidemiological and economic terms, health economists and medical ethicists have been relatively silent about the ethical rationales underlying the large-scale allocation of healthcare resources to these measures. The present paper seeks to encourage this debate by demonstrating how the resource allocation to Covid-19 preventive measures can be understood through the paradigm of the Rule of Rescue, without claiming that the Rule of Rescue is the sole rationale of resource allocation in the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The Austro-Hungarian occupation regime in Serbia and its break-down in 1918

Balcanica ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 107-133
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

This paper discusses the occupation of Serbia during the First World War by Austro-Hungarian forces. The first partial occupation was short-lived as the Serbian army repelled the aggressors after the Battle of Kolubara in late 1914, but the second one lasted from fall 1915 until the end of the Great War. The Austro-Hungarian occupation zone in Serbia covered the largest share of Serbia?s territory and it was organised in the shape of the Military Governorate on the pattern of Austro-Hungarian occupation of part of Poland. The invaders did not reach a clear decision as to what to do with Serbian territory in post-war period and that gave rise to considerable frictions between Austro-Hungarian and German interests in the Balkans, then between Austrian and Hungarian interests and, finally, between military and civilian authorities within Military Governorate. Throughout the occupation Serbia was exposed to ruthless economic exploitation and her population suffered much both from devastation and from large-scale repression (including deportations, internments and denationalisation) on the part of the occupation regime.

scholarly journals Intellectual Elite of Ukrainian Nation: on the Occasion of Centenary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 807-820
Author(s):  
Serhii Pyrozhkov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Ukrainian Academy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Post War ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The author analyses the history of the establishment of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kyiv. He examines the legal procedures for the Academy’s establishment and emphasises that mutual understanding between the scientific community and authorities provides an opportunity to resolve a fundamental nation-wide problem within a short time span. It is also stressed that the crucial role in drafting the Law on the Establishment of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences belongs to M.P. Vasylenko and V.I. Vernadskyi, like-minded prominent scholars and men of science, towering figures who considered science as the blissful power. In addition, the article examines the main tasks pursued by the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, namely providing a sound scientific underpinning for the development of Ukrainian society as well as increasing the role of sciences in civil life. The article substantiates that the comprehensive development of seminal works has always been and still remains the primary purpose of the Academy. All scholars who took part in its development disinterestedly worked upon the implementation of its concept and dedicated their lives to education. The author singles out five rather different periods in the operation of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences: the establishment, expansion of activities during the World War II, post-war rejuvenation, development, and golden age owing to scientific and technological advancement. The fifth period is modern and has lasted since 1991. In the end, the author emphasises that the establishment of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences was designed as a large-scale and socially significant project, whose implementation has eventually given rise to a powerful national intellectual centre with an ever increasing contribution to the development of the country, nation, and personalities. According to the fundamental principles and strategic goals of the Academy, its activity has been expanding for over a hundred years both in favourable and disadvantageous times, in conditions of social stability and continuous social changes. Keywords: Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, establishment, power, prominent scientists, important role.

Agricultural Vehicle Positioning and its Integration with a Large-Scale Land Information System

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Fraser MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Agricultural Vehicle ◽  
Post War ◽  
Land Information System ◽  
Vehicle Positioning

Agriculture in the U.K. has, since the late 1940s, enjoyed government subsidy and insulation from free market forces. However, the post-war philosophy of ‘every acre counts’ no longer holds true in the face of surplus production and a growing public awareness of the countryside and environmental issues. Legislation relating to water pollution, public rights of way and price support mechanisms are all contributory factors to the radical changes which agriculture is undergoing at the present time. Investigations have shown a need within agriculture for the efficient use and handling of data relating to the land, and a need for new technology to exploit the inherent spatial variability of, for example, the soil. This paper will discuss the development of an agricultural vehicle positioning instrument and future research which will address the needs which have been identified.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aiden Warren ◽  
Damian Grenfell
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
State Security ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
External Powers ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Dominate Discourse

The need to fundamentally rethink interventions is before us. Driven by a combination of pressing humanitarian need as well as conceptual and theoretical dilemmas that limit the value of analysis, it is evident we are seemingly at the crossroads. The crises in Syria and Iraq – the human rights abuses, the destruction of cities and the attenuating flows of refugees into Europe – have only been enough to garner specific military action from external powers in ways closely aligned to national interests. There is the sense that despite being decades on from the end of the Cold War and notwithstanding the varying kinds of interventions in the name of humanitarian ends that have taken place, we have come full circle. For all their challenges and faults, at the end of the twentieth century Kosovo and Timor-Leste suggested that there was enough benefit gained by interventions that they had a future in global politics. The post-9/11 military invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan have, however, come to dominate discourse as wars fought overwhelmingly for state security rather than humanitarian ends (even though the latter are used instrumentally as a justification at times). Moreover, as events in Syria have unfolded, it has become even harder to discern who would be assisted, and to what end, by a large-scale intervention like those that occurred across the 1990s. The widening of Syria’s civil war into a regional one, and the toll on civilians (approximately 260,000 at time of publication), reflects elements that are described in ‘new wars’ analysis, and yet are overlain with shifting forms of globalised warfare, intersections with terrorism, while reaffirming what appears to be more classical superpower rivalries (though now it is between different versions of empire and capitalism). It is such a riven mess that it is quite possible that the only ‘end game’ will come in the form of general annihilation....

Introduction—Everything You Know about Prohibition Is Wrong

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Mark Lawrence Schrad
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Resistance Movement

The book begins with a vignette of the world’s most famous—and most misunderstood—prohibitionist: the hatchet-wielding saloon smasher, Carrie Nation. A deeper investigation finds that she was anything but the Bible-thumping, conservative evangelical that she’s commonly made out to be; but rather a populist-progressive equal-rights crusader. Chapter 1 lays bare the shortcomings of the dominant historical narrative of temperance and prohibitionism as uniquely American developments resulting from a clash of religious and cultural groups. By examining the global history of prohibition, we can shed new light on the American experience. Answering the fundamental question—why prohibition?—this book argues that temperance was a global resistance movement against imperialism, subjugation, and the predatory capitalism of a liquor traffic in which political and economic elites profited handsomely from the addiction and misery of the people.

Japan’s Miracle Decades

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Akizumi Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Dual Structure ◽  
Post War

Since the end of World War II, the Japanese economy has experienced two types of ‘dual structure’ issues among occupational groups. The period before the war until 1950 consisted of large-scale companies stemming from zaibatsu (financial cliques) and indigenous domestic industries. The health disparities across occupational groups, often observed in the West, increased between the pre-war period and the 1950s but declined in the subsequent high economic growth period. The decline in health disparities was aided by economic democratization policies, active labour union functions, and post-war economic growth. Near-total employment was achieved, at least among male workers, in the late 1960s to early 1970s. Later, recession in the wake of the bursting bubble economy after 1991, and the subsequent economy-first policy, brought another dual structure: regular employees versus lower-paid ‘precarious’ employees. The latter group includes many women. Stressful working conditions including long working hours among specific occupational groups may cause unique patterns of health disparity among Japanese workers.

Irregular Earthworks in Eastern Siam: an air survey

Antiquity ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 24 (93) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. R. Williams-Hunt
Keyword(s):  
United States Army ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
Army Air Force

During the war and in the immediate post-war period the Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Force undertook a considerable air survey programme covering Burma, Siam and French Indo-China. In Siam the initial cover was restricted to large-scale (1:15,000 and better) photographs of towns, airfields and communications. Later a more ambitious programme of survey cover (scales 1 : 50,000 and 1 : 25,000 with a few towns and beaches at larger scale) was undertaken, and practically the whole of the country has been covered by air photographs of one scale or another.It has been my privilege to serve with the R.A.F. in Siam on both ground and flying duties and, more recently, to be in a position to examine most of the photographs taken. A very considerable number of archaeological sites have come to light, many being noted for the first time ; and it is my intention in this initial paper to comment briefly on one particular type of earthwork which appears to have a limited distribution in eastern Siam. The air photographs are reproduced with the sanction of the Air Ministry.It must be emphasized that although Siam, the meeting place of Indian and Chinese cultures, is rich in archaeological sites very little systematic work has yet been undertaken. On the one side the natural reluctance of the Siamese to disturb ancient sites and, on the other, comparative absence of trained archaeological research workers have been contributory factors. Detailed ground information generally is lacking and it follows that these notes are based on air photographic evidence, in most cases without ground checking, an impropriety of which the writer is only too well aware.

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