scholarly journals Grain Dimension, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Properties of Black and Red Varieties of Rice in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-923
Author(s):  
Mala Rajendran ◽  
Keerthana Ravi Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Prebiotic Activity ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

Traditional colored rice varieties in India are the source of carbohydrates, phytochemicals and minerals. They facilitate the growth of probiotics in intestine and protect human from many chronic diseases. The present study investigated the nutritional properties such as total sugars, digestible sugars, resistant sugars, hydrolysis index, glycemic index and total proteins of thirteen colored varieties of rice in India. Nutraceutical properties like anti diabetic and prebiotic activity were investigated by standard methods. Chak hao poreiton and mappillai samba grains were 6.3 mm in length. Lowest length of 5.1 mm was recorded in 60 m Kuruvai. Among the rice varieties, mappillai samba has high concentration of digestible starch of 91% and Chak hao poreiton had low concentration of 62%. Resistant starch was 38% in Chak hao poreiton and 8% in mappillai samba. Lowest glycemic index of 52 and 53 were recorded in karuthakar poha and Chak hao poreiton respectively. Anthocyanin extracted from Chak hao poreiton inhibited 24% of human pancreatic α-amylase activity. It significantly increased the probiotic number from 0.15 CFU/mL to 1.95 CFU/mL. The study revealed that the black rice variety, Chak hao poreiton was rich in resistant starch and exhibited low glycemic index. The anthocyanins from Chak hao poreiton possessed significant antidiabetic and prebiotic activity. Molecular docking studies revealed the interaction of anthocyanin with pancreatic α-amylase, β-glucosidase and GLUT1.

scholarly journals Superior haplotypes towards development of low glycemic index rice with preferred grain and cooking quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramchander Selvaraj ◽  
Arun Kumar Singh ◽  
Vikas Kumar Singh ◽  
Ragavendran Abbai ◽  
Sonali Vijay Habde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Low Glycemic Index ◽  
Trait Associations

AbstractIncreasing trends in the occurrence of diabetes underline the need to develop low glycemic index (GI) rice with preferred grain quality. In the current study, a diverse set of 3 K sub-panel of rice consisting of 150 accessions was evaluated for resistant starch and predicted glycemic index, including nine other quality traits under transplanted situation. Significant variations were noticed among the accessions for the traits evaluated. Trait associations had shown that amylose content possess significant positive and negative association with resistant starch and predicted glycemic index. Genome-wide association studies with 500 K SNPs based on MLM model resulted in a total of 41 marker-trait associations (MTAs), which were further confirmed and validated with mrMLM multi-locus model. We have also determined the allelic effect of identified MTAs for 11 targeted traits and found favorable SNPs for 8 traits. A total of 11 genes were selected for haplo-pheno analysis to identify the superior haplotypes for the target traits where haplotypes ranges from 2 (Os10g0469000-GC) to 15 (Os06g18720-AC). Superior haplotypes for RS and PGI, the candidate gene Os06g11100 (H4-3.28% for high RS) and Os08g12590 (H13-62.52 as intermediate PGI). The identified superior donors possessing superior haplotype combinations may be utilized in Haplotype-based breeding to developing next-generation tailor-made high quality healthier rice varieties suiting consumer preference and market demand.

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INDEKS GLIKEMIK RENDAH PADA BERAS DAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGANNYA DI INDONESIA / Factors Affecting the Low Glycemic Index on Rice and Its Potential for Development in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Siti Dewi Indrasari
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Glycemic Index ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

<p>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder of glucose metabolism due to insulin deficiency both in absolute and relative terms caused by changes in dietary habits that result in obesity. Nationally in Indonesia, the prevalence of DM based on a doctor’s diagnosis in the population aged over or equal to 15 years is 2%. Consumption of rice with a low glycemic index is one way to regulate dietary patterns for people with type 2 diabetes. In Indonesia, rice varieties that have a low glycemic index (GI) value have been successfully identified. This paper aims to provide information and understanding of GI rice, influencing factors and strategies for developing rice with low GI. Some rice varieties that have low GI are include IR 36, Logawa, Batang Lembang, Ciherang, Cisokan, Margasari, Martapura, Air Tenggulang, Hipa 7, Inpari 12, Inpari 13, Situ Patenggang, Pandanwangi, Inpari 1, Beras Hitam Subang, Inpara 4. Factors affecting rice GI include rice varieties and amylose-amylopectin ratio, processing method, protein and fat, dietary fiber content and starch digestibility. The target of developing rice with a low GI is a community with a high prevalence of DM. While the development strategy is to strive so that rice varieties with a low GI that are beneficial to health can be regulated in the Ministry of Agriculture Regulation as part of special rice. Rice varieties with these advantages can be developed through the process of releasing varieties, followed by the certification process for Labelled Rice Variety Assurances (LRVA). The certification process aims to provide functional rice that has added value, has a high selling power for farmers and producers and guarantees the rights of consumers who consume it.</p><p>Keywords: Rice. glycemic index, diabetes melitus </p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p> Penyakit diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan gangguan metabolisme glukosa akibat kekurangan insulin, baik secara absolut maupun relatif yang disebabkan oleh perubahan kebiasaan pola makan yang mengakibatkan obesitas. Di Indonesia, prevalensi DM berdasarkan diagnosis dokter pada penduduk umur lebih dari atau sama dengan 15 tahun rata-rata 2%. Konsumsi beras dengan indeks glikemik rendah merupakan salah satu cara mengatur pola diet bagi para diabetesi tipe 2. Di Indonesia, varietas padi yang mempunyai nilai IG rendah telah berhasil diidentifikasi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dan pemahaman tentang IG beras, faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi dan strategi untuk mengembangkan beras dengan IG rendah. Beberapa varietas padi yang mempunyai IG rendah antara lain IR36, Logawa, Batang Lembang, Ciherang, Cisokan, Margasari, Martapura, Air Tenggulang, Hipa-7, Inpari- 12, Inpari-13, Situ Patenggang, Pandanwangi, Inpari-1, Beras Hitam Subang, Inpara-4. Faktor yang mempengaruhi IG beras antara lain varietas padi dan rasio amilosa-amilopektin, cara pengolahan, protein dan lemak, kadar serat pangan dan daya cerna pati. Sasaran pengembangan beras dengan IG rendah adalah masyarakat dengan prevalensi DM yang tinggi. Strategi pengembangannya adalah mengupayakan agar varietas padi dengan IG rendah yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan dapat diatur dalam Permentan sebagai bagian dari beras khusus. Varietas padi dengan keunggulan tersebut dapat dikembangkan melalui proses pemutihan atau pelepasan varietas yang dilanjutkan dengan proses sertifikasi Beras Berlabel Jaminan Varietas (BBJV). Proses sertifikasi ini bertujuan agar beras-beras fungsional tersebut memperoleh nilai tambah, berdaya jual tinggi bagi petani dan menjamin hak konsumen yang mengonsumsi.</p><p>Kata kunci: Beras, indeks glikemik, diabetes melitus </p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Starch Hydrolysis for Glycemic Index Prediction of Rice Varieties

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Cristiana Pereira ◽  
Regina Menezes ◽  
Vanda Lourenço ◽  
Teresa Serra ◽  
Carla Brites
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Processing Technologies

Rice consumed as white cooked polished grain has been considered a high glycemic index (GI) food, particularly compared with other starchy foods. However, the GI levels of rice based food can vary among different rice types and food processing technologies. Rice GI variation can be affected by several factors, such as rice variety, the genetic background of rice as well as due to crop edaphoclimatic conditions. The main difference in rice starch composition that influences GI is the amylose content. Besides the chemical composition of rice, the gelatinization characteristics and food processing can also contribute to starch retrogradation, thus increasing the level of resistant starch with a great influence on GI. To understand the glycemic response of rice types differing in amylose and viscosity profiles, four rice samples were analyzed and compared with standard and resistant HI-MAIZE corn starches. An in vitro enzymatic starch hydrolysis procedure was applied to estimate GI. The results indicate substantial differences in the starch hydrolysis of the two corn starches. Starch hydrolysis tended to be more rapid and efficient for ‘Waxy’ and ‘Ceres’ (intermediate-amylose) rice types than for ‘Maçarico’ (high-amylose rice). In addition, the data show that the Maçarico variety has the lowest estimated GI and the highest retrogradation rate compared with ‘Waxy’, ‘Ceres’ and ‘Basmati’ type. The results obtained reinforce the importance of knowing amylose content and viscosity profiles for the prediction of rice glycemic responses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Obesity Prevention, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lipid Control of Vietnamese Rice Varieties in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Thuy Linh Nguyen ◽  
Khanh Son Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Rice Varieties

Five Vietnamese rice varieties, which differ in their basic chemical composition (starch content, amylose content, fiber content) including polished rices and whole grain rices, were chosen for this study. High-fat diet-induced obesity, using these rice, was subjected to in vivo experiments to evaluate the effects of body weight gain, caloric intake, postprandial blood glucose level (PBGL), and glycemic index (GI) in tested mice groups. PBGL peaks appeared at 30th minute after eating, and GI of each experimental group was ranked in order as GN > TL > HR > GM > L Đ and GN > LT > HR > L Đ >   GM , respectively, in which, brown rice (LĐ) and germinated brown rice (GM) had low GI. Furthermore, these rice varieties caused the lowest LDL cholesterol and the ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterols in mice. In this study, the higher the amylose and fiber contents were, the lower glycemic index, triglycerides, LDL, and LDL/HDL values were. The golden flower glutinous rice (GN), with low amylose and fiber content, gave worse blood lipid parameters than that of GM and LĐ. Histopathological studies of white adipose and liver tissues showed that LĐ and GM significantly reduced the symptoms of obesity and fatty liver compared with the others, especially compared to GN. The results obtained from this study help patients with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes choose the right rice variety for their daily diet to be able to control their diseases.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Potential of Banyuwangi Local Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Based on Relative Expression of Homogentisate Geranylgeranyl Transferase (HGGT) and Granule-Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSSI) Gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Dyati Galuh Pratita ◽  
Tita Putri Milasari ◽  
Elhah Nailul Khasna ◽  
Sunarmi Sunarmi ◽  
Evi Susanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Geranylgeranyl Transferase ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

Rice nutrition including vitamin and amylose contents become important aspect for many people around the world. Rice with high amylose content (low glycemic index) is good for those with Diabetes mellitus. Tocotrienol, one precursor of Vitamin-E biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes encoded HGGT, while amylose biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes encoded GBSSI. The objective of this study was to find rice varieties with high tocotrienol and/or amylose content based on the expression of HGGT and GBSSI among eight Banyuwangi local rice varieties. Relative expression of HGGT and GBSSI was measured by qRT-PCR and analyzed using 2ΔCt method. Statistical analysis resulted in the significantly different of HGGT and GBSSI relative expression among samples. Relative expression of HGGT from the highest to the lowest were demonstrated by Hitam Melik, Hitam Pekat, Blambangan A3, Merah Bali, Blambangan A2, Berlian, Janur Kuning, and SOJ A3, respectively; while relative expression of GBSSI from the highest to the lowest were demonstrated by Hitam Melik, Hitam Pekat, SOJ A3, Janur Kuning, Berlian, Merah Bali, Blambangan A3, and Blambangan A2, respectively. Based on this research we conclude that Hitam Melik potentially produces higher tocotrienol and lower glycemic index than other studied varieties.

scholarly journals INDEKS GLIKEMIK COOKIES SORGUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) PRATANAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Tri Kusuma Agung Puruhita
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
White Bread ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Red Bean ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing, one of the pillars of intervention is the provision of high-fiber or complex carbohydrates food. Sorghum as local food has the potential to manufacture as cookies diabetes because it contains fiber and low glycemic index. Foods with a low glycemic index help to prevent against high blood glucose fluctuation. Levels of resistant starch can be improved with the addition of parboiled red beans fluor. Parboiled process aims to improve the digestibility and resistant starch level of red beans. Objective: Determine parboiled red beans fluor % addition which still preferred by consumer panelists, and then determine the glycemic index of cookies sorghum with the addition of selected parboiled red beans fluor. Methods: Experimental study, the first stage was organoleptic test with randomized block design. 6 treatments of parboiled red bean flour and three replications. The addition consists of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The second stage was the determination of the glycemic index. The subject had to fasting for 10 hours, consumed white bread, and then measured the glycemic response at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 minute. Four days later the same step repeated with cookies sorghum as food had to consumed. Glycemic index values determined by comparing the inceremental area under curve of cookies sorghum with the incremental area under curve of white bread. Results: The addition of parboiled red bean flour preference is 30%. Cookies sorgum glycemic index was 48.5Conclusion: Cookies sorghum can be used as a snack food for healthy people because it has a low glycemic index

scholarly journals Effect of Pullulanase Debranching and Retrogradation on Resistant Starch Yield and Glycemic Index of Garri

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
F. C. Ogbo ◽  
N. C. Nwozor
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Assay Result ◽  
Applied Microbiology ◽  
Starch Yield ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

Aims: This research is aimed at developing a method of processing to increase the quantity of resistant starch in garri and reduce its glycemic index using pullulanase-producing Bacillus subtilis organism. Place and Duration of Study: Department of applied microbiology and brewing, Nnnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka between January, 2018 and February, 2019. Methodology: The organism was isolated from different cassava processing sites in Anambra metropolis, Nigeria. It was then identified based on phenotypic, biochemical and molecular characteristics After which the pullulanase assay, the fermentation studies, resistant starch analysis and glycemic index was analysed. Results: Pullulanase assay result showed Bacillus subtilis as a very good pullulanase producing organism with a pullulanase quantity of. The resistant starch content was found to be higher for the samples fermented with the choice organism and retrograded at 10oC at 14.29%, than the control garri sample fermented without any organism and not retrograded at 4.73%. The glycemic index was relatively high in all the garri samples, however, the lowest glycemic index, 62% was observed in the garri sample produced with the choice organism. Conclusion: This research has been able to show that pullulanase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis is a very useful industrial raw material in production of functional foods with low glycemic index.

scholarly journals Production and quality evaluation of low glycemic index crispy waffle from whole wheat flour supplemented with type 4-resistant starch and sacred lotus stamen

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
N. Kaewmak ◽  
C. Chupeerach ◽  
U. Suttisansanee ◽  
D. Siriwan ◽  
R. Chamchan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Whole Wheat Flour ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Sacred Lotus ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

Health and wellness are a trend observed throughout all types of food. Thus, this study aimed to develop a low glycemic index (GI) crispy waffle from whole wheat flour (WF) supplemented with type 4-resistant starch (RS IV) and sacred lotus stamen (SLSP). The low GI crispy waffle was formulated by substituting WF flour with RS IV at 35, 45 and 55% (w/w). Then, the formula with the highest overall liking score was continuing to develop by replacing WF with SLSP at 30, 35 and 40% (w/w). The physical and sensory qualities were determined. Moreover, the low GI crispy waffle with SLSP was evaluated on nutritional values, GI, total phenolic contents (TPCs) and antioxidant activities. The results showed that low GI crispy waffle with SLSP could successfully be developed by substituted WF with 55 and 18% (w/w) of RS IV and SLSP, respectively. The nutritional value of the developed product in 100 g was 491.22 kcal, 64.52 g carbohydrate, 6.63 g protein, 22.96 g fat and 28.04 g fiber. Therefore, this product could be claimed as high fiber and classified as low GI product (28.8). In addition, the TPCs and antioxidant activities (by DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays) of low GI crispy waffle with SLSP was 2.30 mg GAE/g DW, 0.76 µmol TE/100 g DW, 7.33 µmol TE/g DW and 56.45 µmol TE/ g DW, respectively. Therefore, it seemed that RS IV and SLSP could enhance the nutritional quality of the product with the consumer acceptability.

scholarly journals Snack bar berbahan pati sagu (Metroxylon sp.), tempe, dan beras hitam sebagai pangan fungsional berindeks glikemik rendah

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Winny Puspita ◽  
Ahmad Sulaeman ◽  
Evy Damayanthi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Index Value ◽  
High Level ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

Background: High calories intake from snacks with low nutritional value will contribute to increase the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Nutritional strategies to prevent hyperglycemia are controlling blood glucose levels, restrict calories and carbohydrate intake. Sago starch (Metroxylon sp.), tempe and black rice contains ingredients such as dietary fiber, resistant starch, amylose and low glycemic index. Modified snack bar using these ingredients can produce attractive products and provide the beneficial nutrients.Objectives: To determine a snack bar formulation made from sago starch, tempe and black rice and analyze physicochemical characteristics and glycemic index value of the product.Methods: This study used a completely randomized design analyzing three different proportions of sago starch and tempe, namely F1 (2:1), F2 (1.5:1), and F3 (1:1) with two replications for each formula. The Selected formula was determined based on consumer acceptability by semi-trained panelists using 9-point hedonic scale, physicochemical properties, nutrient content, and glycemic index value. Results: The Selected formula (F3) was potentially used as functional food as indicated by high level of dietary fiber (11.05%), 8.8 % resistant starch, in vitro starch digestibility (14.02%), the highest amylose-amylopectin ratio (60.1% : 39.9%), low glycemic index (40) and low glycemic load (5.4). The F3 formula produced a slow increase and peak point of blood glucose response of 107.5 mg/dl at minute 30th lower than the administration of anhydrous glucose with peak point of blood glucose levels of 143.4 mg/dl.Conclusion: The F3 formula with the proportion of sago starch and tempe (1:1) had low glycemic index and was categorized as high-fiber food with high level of resistant starch. Therefore, this product has the potency as functional snack alternative for diabetes patients.

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