scholarly journals TAX LICENCE OF A LEGAL ENTITY – PROS AND CONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Kútna ◽  
Imrich Antalík ◽  
Norbert Gyurián ◽  
Zoltán Šeben
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

In 2013, the Slovak Parliament adopted the Law on Amendments to the Law on Income Tax. One of the most significant changes was the introduction of the Tax License of a Legal Entity. On January 1st, 2018, a minimum corporate tax (the so-called tax license), which was introduced in 2014, was abolished. The main aim of this paper is the evaluation and quantification of the impact which the minimum corporate tax has on the amount of tax liability of a selected group of legal entities in the agricultural sector. The research had tried to find an answer if the tax license abolishment was more in the political interests or if it had some economic background. The main research questions are how has the corporate tax duty increased in the agricultural sector in the Slovak Republic after introducing the minimum corporate tax and how has the tax burden for agricultural holdings increased after introducing the tax license. The analysis presented in this paper confirms that the instrument of introducing the minimum tax is for loss-making sectors, such as the agricultural sector, undoubtedly unfair. On the other hand, the study has confirmed that the public which regularly pays the taxes, agrees with its introduction.

scholarly journals Changes in Landscape Structure in the Municipalities of the Nitra District (Slovak Republic) Due to Expanding Suburbanization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Zuzana Pucherová ◽  
Regina Mišovičová ◽  
Gabriel Bugár ◽  
Henrich Grežo
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
The Impact

Suburbanization, as a set of several factors, influences and changes the landscape structure of smaller municipalities in the hinterland of larger cities. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the built-up areas related to suburbanization within three time horizons—in 2002, 2005, and 2020—in 62 municipalities of the district (including two cities, Nitra and Vráble). This study examines the process of spatial changes in landscape features (residential, industrial, agricultural, transport) related to suburbanization between 2002 and 2005 and between 2002 and 2020. The input analytical data were digital orthophotomaps from 2002 and 2005 and the current orthophotomosaics of the Slovak Republic from 2017 (GKÚ, Bratislava), updated for the year 2020 using Sentinel 2 satellite image data (European Space Agency). The impact of suburbanization processes between 2002 and 2005 did not reach the dimensions of the changes that occurred due to suburbanization processes between 2002 and 2020 or 2005 and 2020. The main research objective of the article is the identification and assessment of these changes. We determined which landscape features related to suburbanization affected spatial changes in municipalities of the district Nitra. The total area affected by one of the suburbanization processes monitored by us reached 92.52 ha in the period between 2002 and 2005. Between the years 2002 and 2020, the area reached a total of 2272.82 ha, which is an increase of 2180.30 ha in 2020 compared to 2002. This included mainly the expansion of settlements or housing (60.15%), industrial areas (29.31%), transport facilities (4.35%), agricultural areas (0.73%), and other areas (5.46%). These results show expanding suburbanization for the period from 2002 to 2020 and that this process has been gaining momentum in the municipalities of the Nitra district, especially in recent years, which changes the look of rural municipalities and the character of a typical rural landscape.

scholarly journals Measuring the Effects of Corporate Tax Cuts

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
The Law ◽  
Jobs Act ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tax Cuts

On December 22, 2017, President Donald Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), the most sweeping revision of US tax law since the Tax Reform Act of 1986. The law introduced many significant changes. However, perhaps none was as important as the changes in the treatment of traditional “C” corporations—those corporations subject to a separate corporate income tax. Beginning in 2018, the federal corporate tax rate fell from 35 percent to 21 percent, some investment qualified for immediate deduction as an expense, and multinational corporations faced a substantially modified treatment of their activities. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act to understand its effects on resource allocation and distribution. It compares US corporate tax rates to other countries before the 2017 tax law, and describes ways in which the US corporate sector has evolved that are especially relevant to tax policy. The discussion then turns the main changes of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 for the corporate income tax. A range of estimates suggests that the law is likely to contribute to increased US capital investment and, through that, an increase in US wages. The magnitude of these increases is extremely difficult to predict. Indeed, the public debate about the benefits of the new corporate tax provisions enacted (and the alternatives not adopted) has highlighted the limitations of standard approaches in distributional analysis to assigning corporate tax burdens.

scholarly journals Actions Ultra Vires Minister of State-Owned Enterprises in the Procurement of Goods and Services at Subsidiaries of State-Owned Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Fauzan Prasetya ◽  
Busyra Azheri ◽  
Ismansyah ◽  
Sukanda Husin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Subjects

The Government through the Minister of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in his position as a Shareholder in SOEs (Indonesian: Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) enacts the Minister of SOE Regulation Number: PER-15 / MBU / 2012 Regarding Amendments to the Regulation of the State Minister of State-Owned Enterprises Number PER-05 / MBU / 2008 Regarding Guidelines General Implementation of Procurement of Goods and Services of State-Owned Enterprises in SOE Subsidiaries. Which actions have raised the pros and cons of the capacity of the Minister of SOEs as BUMN shareholders in SOE subsidiaries. The legal status of BUMN subsidiaries in the BUMN holding scheme remains a separate legal entity that has their respective organs and responsibilities as regulated in the Law of PT. When the SOE Minister acts on behalf of the State, he is the shareholder of SOE as contained in Article 1 paragraph (1) of the BUMN Law. As a shareholder, the Minister of SOEs can only establish policies towards SOEs. Whereas in SOE Subsidiaries, the shareholders are SOEs as legal subjects. So that the provisions of Article 1 number (2) SOE Ministerial Regulation Number 3 of 2012 whereby the Minister of BUMN cannot act as a shareholder. The enactment of BUMN Permen 15/2012 to SOE Subsidiaries by SOEs Minister in his capacity as BUMN shareholder is an ultra vires action.

Competences of Public Administration of the Slovak Republic in the Area of Defense

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Ryszard Szynowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many

In one of the many definitions of public administration it was stated that it is the fulfillment of individual and collective needs of citizens, resulting from the co-existence of people in society, realized by the state and its dependent organs. One of the needs of an individual is the need for safety. Ensuring the safety of citizens is realized by the public administration, due to its service to the society as an executive apparatus possessing a democratic mandate of political power, in service of the law created by said organs. A particular role in the area of defense belongs to authoritative administration, which performs tasks including reversing risks and removing dangers, including the realization of tasks and undertakings aimed at military preparation in case of war. The aim of the following article is to present the tasks and competences in the area of protecting the President, the government, government administration officials on duty and local self-administration of the Slovak Republic. Various methods have been used to reach the pre-determined goal, primarily the method of document investigation, which made it possible to gather, sort, describe and scientifically interpret the legal acts of the Slovak Republic regarding defensive matters.

scholarly journals Public's perception regarding the major impacts of radioactive nuclear waste. A research study in Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1012-1025
Author(s):  
Greta-Marilena Vitioanu
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Like all other human activities, nuclear activities inherently produce waste. Even if the amount of radioactive nuclear waste is small compared with every other waste generated by human, this is a real danger and may produce devastating effects. Radioactive nuclear waste requires a safe management, a very good classification and limitation of releasing of radioactive effluents into the environment. The anticipated big impacts that any nuclear activity releases involve the environmental impacts, human health and safety. Public's perception represents a big challenge mainly when people are asked about harmful activities or technologies, such as radioactive nuclear waste. The aim of this study is to find out the public's perception of the impacts of radioactive nuclear waste. The main research instrument for this analysis is based on questionnaire. This research represents a new approach for the study of people's perception of radioactive nuclear waste in Romania. Public's perception is one of the key factors with influence on the development of nuclear waste technologies. The perception is crucial and may mean more than reality. The impact of radioactive nuclear waste seen through public perception shows the degree of development of storage conditions, both in the short and long term. The study revealed that the public perception regarding radioactive nuclear waste is divided in two major concerns: the potential impacts on the environment and people's health.

scholarly journals Penerapan Asas Audi Alteram Et Partem Pada Perkara Judicial review Di Mahkamah Agung

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Asep Syarifuddin Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Judicial Power ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
Trial Process ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Abstract.Article 13 paragraph 1 of Act Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power states that all court hearings are open to the public, unless the Act says otherwise. Therefore, a judicial review trial must be open to the public. If the trial process of the judicial review is carried out in a closed manner, it can be considered a legal defect, because it is contrary to Article 13 paragraph (3) of the Law. The Law of the Supreme Court is not regulated that the judicial review is closed, because in the judicial review there is a need for openness or principle of audiences of parties or litigants must be given the opportunity to provide information and express their opinions, including the defendant as the maker of Legislation invitation under the law, so that the impact of the decision will need to be involved.Keywords: Judicial Review, Audi Alteram Et Partem Principle, Supreme Court, Constitutional Court Abstrak.Pasal 13 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman menyebutkan semua sidang pemeriksaan pengadilan terbuka untuk umum, kecuali Undang-Undang berkata lain. Oleh karena itu,  judicial review persidangan harus dilakukan terbuka untuk umum. Apabila proses persidangan judicial review ini dilakukan secara tertutup, maka dapat dinilai cacat hukum karena bertentangan dengan Pasal 13 ayat (3) Undang-Undang tersebut. Undang-Undang Mahkamah Agung pun tidak diatur bahwa persidangan judicial review bersifat tertutup, karena dalam judicial review perlu adanya keterbukaan atau asas audi alteram et partem atau pihak-pihak yang berperkara harus diberi kesempatan untuk memberikan keterangan dan menyampaikan pendapatnya termasuk pihak termohon sebagai  pembuat Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di bawah Undang-Undang sehingga akan terkena dampak putusan perlu dilibatkan.Kata Kunci: Judicial Review, Asas Audi Alteram Et Partem, Mahkamah Agung, Mahkamah Konstitusi.

Indonesian anti-graft agency may be more politicised

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Significance Many of those set to lose their jobs have filed appeals and lawsuits against their removal. In 2019, amendments to the law underpinning the KPK sparked protests over concerns that they would weaken the institution. Impacts The current government will try to reassure the public of its anti-graft intent in a bid to assuage concerns arising from the dismissals. Potentially effective staffers will be dissuaded from seeking employment at the KPK. A weaker KPK will reduce the impact of investor-friendly political reforms.

The ADA: Public Personnel Management, Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-427
Author(s):  
Paul S. Greenlaw ◽  
John P. Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Personnel Management ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
Reasonable Accommodation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Law ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
The Impact

The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law on July 26, 1990. This article reviews and summarizes the impact of the ADA on the public sector, and discusses two key concepts of the law, “reasonable accommodation” and “undue hardship.” These two concepts impact all management functions, including personnel management, and are the most troublesome of the Act to interpret and apply.

scholarly journals IPO, private capital? Not! SPAC!

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
A. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Capital Markets ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Public Market ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

The introductory part of the article is devoted to a brief overview of the typical methods of raising funds for a company’s capital. Then, I compared The pros and cons of each approach. Further, the author introduces the company’s new fundraising – through the merger with a SPAC (from now on referred to as the merger with SPAC). The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this option for a company to enter public capital markets or raise capital in a company compared to the already traditional methods – raising private capital and entering public capital markets through an IPO. As a result of this comparison, the author concludes that the merger with SPAC has the advantages of both classical options for raising capital, without their disadvantages, which makes this option a unique offer on the market. Statistical data confirmed this conclusion. The separate section in the article is devoted to the peculiarities and complexities of the merge with SPAC. The advantages of the merger with SPAC for the leading Russian companies compared with other types of capital raising are separately highlighted, and the contrast between the placement on the MICEX and the merger with SPAC. The article also presents statistics on the public capital market and the impact on the public market of the new opportunity for companies to go public. In the final section of the article, the author discloses the chain of events that brought the merger with a SPAC such a fame and popularity at the current moment in time. The article resulted in an explanation of the attractiveness of institutional investors’ investment of funds in companies that have chosen the merger with a SPAC as a potentiality for entering public capital markets.

scholarly journals The Law and Impact of Political Corruption on Community Trust In Political Parties In Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh Ali Wafa ◽  
Sudirman Abbas ◽  
Umar Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political System ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Trust ◽  
The Law ◽  
Political Apathy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study aims at examining the law and impact of corrupt politician behavior on public trust in political parties and the efforts of reforms by the parties. Using the survey method, this study has come to the following conclusions. (1) the corruption committed by politicians mostly occurs due to the work pattern and the Indonesian political system which develops towards political apathy, in which regeneration does not optimally take place, while the drive to maintain power and dominate the political parties in the state system is increasing; (2) the corruption does not only influence the public trust in political parties, but also the perspective and paradigm of society towards the political system and government in Indonesia. (3) The impact of this political apathy, which we might be able to see from how the radicalism and extremism easily exist and develop in Indonesia. An encouragement to even create a new system is present from this political apathy. If this is not immediately corrected, a change in the system in Indonesia can probably occur.Keywords: Law, Corruption, politicians, Political Parties, Community Trust. 

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