scholarly journals Maternal factors associated with stillbirth among women in Marsabit County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Badane Amina Wako ◽  
Isabella Epiu ◽  
Samuel Otor
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Government

Background/Aim Stillbirth refers to fetal death occurring at or after 28 weeks of gestation. Worldwide, 130 million babies are born every year and approximately 4 million are stillborn; more than 98% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The government of the Republic of Kenya has put in place several measures, such as the National Health Insurance Fund and Free Child Delivery Programmes for pregnant women, in order to meet the Sustainable Development Goals on health. However, the problem of stillbirth continues to prevail in the country. This study sought to determine maternal factors associated with occurrence of stillbirth in selected hospitals in Marsabit County, Kenya. Methods The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design, targeting 387 women who delivered in selected hospitals in Marsabit County, to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24.0 while qualitative data were analysed using N-Vivo software version 11. Inferential statistics were calculated using Chi Square and Fisher's Exact Tests at 95% confidence interval and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results The rate of stillbirth occurrence was 5.9%. Maternal factors significantly associated with the occurrence of stillbirth included antenatal attendance (P=0.031), use of illicit drugs (P=0.041), low maternal weight (P=0.043) and tough domestic work (P=0.004). Conclusions The respondents from Marsabit County experienced relative high rates of stillbirth compared to the national figure. The outcome of delivery was significantly influenced by maternal factors. These results may help address the high rate of stillbirth across the country and improve the delivery outcomes of pregnancies among mothers delivering in public hospitals.

Sociodemographic factors associated with postnatal maternal complications in public hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Raheli Misiko Mukhwana ◽  
Margaret N Keraka ◽  
Meshack Onyambu
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Focused Antenatal Care

Introduction/Aims Focused antenatal care provides individualised counselling, targeted assessment and safe, cost effective, evidence-based intervention. It has been implemented in developing countries as a strategy to improve maternal health. This study aimed to investigate sociodemographic factors associated with maternal complications in selected public county hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using a sample of 397 postnatal women who were given a questionnaire, with sections on their sociodemographic and health characteristics. Data analysis was done using the Chi Square test to determine the association between study variables, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results The study found that 30% of respondents reported a maternal complication during their current delivery outcome. Sociodemographic factors significantly associated with maternal complications were age (P=0.002), occupation (P=0.001) and income (P=0.011). The health factors associated with occurrence of maternal complications were number of deliveries (P=0.001) and mode of delivery (P=0.001). Conclusions A number of factors were found to be significantly associated with maternal outcomes, including age and occupation. Further studies to determine why young women do not use focused antenatal care are necessary, as this would help reduce the incidence of birth-associated complications.

Violence Against Women and Girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 153-176
Author(s):  
Josephine Muthami ◽  
Haniel Nyaga Gatumu ◽  
Sahaya G. Selvam ◽  
Wambui J.
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Government

The purpose of the study was to highlight the factors associated with violence against women and girls and how they can benefit from therapy. The study was guided by the following objectives: to establish the factors associated with the occurrence of violence, determining the effectiveness of therapy in dealing with survivors of violence, exploring factors influencing or blocking effectiveness of therapy. A cross sectional research design was used in which questionnaires, an interviewing guide, focus group discussion and psychological assessment scale were used to collect study data. A sample of 75 women and girls was purposively selected from health facilities, counselling centres, chief camps, police station, NGOs and CBOs within Kibra Constituency. All respondents were females aged 18 years and above. The findings showed that all the respondents (100%) had been exposed to violence. The respondents who reported physical abuse were 30%, sexual abuse was reported by 10%, psychological and emotional abuse was reported by 16%, financial coercion was reported by 15%, neglect of children and duty by 13%, and verbal assault was reported by 16%.  Further, the results showed that the most common victims of violence are expectant mothers and children who are under the care of irresponsible persons. The most reported people to perpetrate violence were cited to be men. The responses given by the respondents as factors that trigger violence are: Previous assaults (61%), cultural expectations (61%), alcohol abuse and other drugs (49%), poor communication skills (49%), poor problem solving skills (49%), perpetrator outstretched demands on resources (49%), infidelity(37%), unemployment (37%), peer pressure (37%), frustration emanating from blocked goals (24%), childlessness (24%) and  personality traits (12%). Violence against women and girls impact negatively on their lives. The most common negative impact mentioned are depression by 75 respondents, children suffering cited by 65 respondents, family disintegration cited by 56 respondents, non-productivity, physical injury, and anxiety respectively cited  by 46 respondents. The survivors of violence have knowledge of where they can access help in order to cope with the consequences of violence. Of the 75 respondents, 75 of them said that counselling is very helpful. Perseverance is another coping mechanism mentioned by 75 respondents. Separation and keeping quite are strategies mentioned by 65 respondents. Going to hospital is another support and help available mentioned by 56 respondents. The respondents who opted for spiritual intervention were 47 while those who opted to start a business for sustainability were 38. Those who preferred sharing with significant others as a coping mechanism were 28. Last but not least, 18 women indicated that support groups are helpful in dealing with violence. The study recommended that women and girls should be empowered financially and policies put into place to curb violence. The government and other stakeholders should partner to support women and girls to overcome violence in the society.

scholarly journals Use of illicit drugs by adolescents and young adults of an urban settlement in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Márcia Maria de Souza ◽  
Karlla Antonieta Amorim Caetano ◽  
Sheila Araujo Teles ◽  
Marcos André de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Factors Associated

Summary Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug use by adolescents and young adults of a formal urban settlement. Method: Cross-sectional study including adolescents and young adults 12-24 years of an urban settlement in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Stata, version 12.0. We used Poisson regression model to estimate the factors associated with illicit drug use. Results: Of the total participants (n=105), 27.6% (95CI 20.0-36.9%) had used illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, crack, LSD and inhalants. The consumption of these substances was associated with male gender, use of body piercing and/or tattoos, licit drug use and self-report of signs and/or symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. Conclusion: High prevalence of illicit drug use was found in the individuals investigated, ratifying the presence of risk factors to the vulnerability of the settlers to use these substances in the urban settlement population.

scholarly journals Magnitude and determinants of self-referrals among women seeking skilled birth attendance services: a cross-sectional hospital-based study in Marsabit County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Joseph O. Adoyo ◽  
Eliphas G. Makunyi ◽  
George O. Otieno ◽  
Alison Yoos
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendance ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Birth Attendance ◽  
Referral Hospitals

Background: Self-referral to higher-level hospitals by women seeking skilled birth attendance services reflects in part their non-adherence to established referral pathways. This choice results in an inappropriate utilization of resources within health system. The Kenya Health Sector Referral Strategy aims at optimising the utilization and access of facilities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with self-referral among women seeking skilled birth attendance services in Marsabit County between 1st and 31st Oct 2019.Methods: A cross-sectional study was adopted at the maternity department in the selected public hospitals in Marsabit County, by use of interviewer-administered questionnaires to collect information from 161 women, through systematic sampling between 1st and 31st Oct 2019. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to test for factors associated with self-referral at 95% confidence interval.Results: Of the 161 women interviewed, 47.2% (n=76) were self-referrals. The odds of self-referral to the higher level health facilities were more likely among women: - aged 25-29 (AOR 5.174, CI 1.015-26.365, p-value 0.048); those referred for other ANC services (AOR 4.057, CI 1.405-11.720, p-value 0.010); and those, - who visited the referral facility before for delivery (AOR 5.395, CI 1.411 – 20.628, p-value 0.014). However, self-referral were less likely among women who perceived privacy and confidentiality of services at the referral hospitals (AOR 0.370, CI 0.138-0.990, p-value 0.048).Conclusions: Almost half of women seeking skilled birth attendance were self-referrals, relates to a possible implication on an unprecedented increased workload at referral hospitals and underutilization of primary health facilities.

Evaluation Of Malaria Microscopy Diagnosis Performance In Public Hospitals Of Eastern And Centeral Part Of Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraol Jaleta ◽  
Getinet Garoma ◽  
Tadesse Gerenfes
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Malaria Microscopy

Abstract Back ground: Prompt and accurate malaria diagnosis is essential strategies for effective malaria case management as well as the public health response to malaria. Diagnosis based on clinical grounds alone may lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of malaria microscopy diagnosis public hospitals of Eastern and Central part Oromia, Ethiopia Method : Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from March, 2019 to May, 2019. All 46 public hospitals of 12 zones in Eastern and Central parts of Oromia, Ethiopia were included in the study. Data were collected using Semi structured questionnaire and known validated positive and negative slides with different species, stage and parasite density distributed to each health facility. It was categorized and cleaned by Epi Info version 3.5.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20 with multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with poor malaria microscopy diagnosis. Level of agreement was calculated by Kappa statistics. Results: From the total of 46 hospitals , 31 (67.39%) had acceptable quality performance with cumulative grading score of > 80%. The overall percentage of agreement in detection and species identification was 80.45% (Kappa=0.79) and 63.03% (Kappa=0. 38). Laboratory professionals who had work experience greater than five years were 10.56 times better in detecting and identifying malaria parasite when compared to those who had work experience less than or equal to five years (AOR [95%CI]=10.56[1.45-76.73]) . Laboratory professionals who were trained on malaria microscopy diagnosis were 1.28 times reported better quality results than those who were not trained (AOR, % 95CI=1.28[1.5-48.13]) Conclusion: The overall agreement of laboratory professionals in detection and species identification was with substantial and fair with kappa value 0.79 and 0.38 respectively. There were also gaps in correctly reporting stages identification and parasite count from distributed slides. Lack of Training and low work experience of laboratory professionals were factors associated with malaria microscopy diagnostic performance. Hence, capacitating laboratory professionals is essential to ensure good performance of malaria microscopy which reduces misdiagnosis of malaria parasites and mistreatment of malaria suspected patients.

scholarly journals FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO USO DE ANFETAMINAS ENTRE CAMINHONEIROS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Juliana Gusmão Fonseca ◽  
Gustavo Magalhães Viana ◽  
Joyce Elen Murça de Souza ◽  
Luiza Augusta Rosa Rossi-Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Amphetamine Use ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Selection Of

As anfetaminas conhecidas como "rebites" são normalmente utilizadas por caminhoneiros. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência e fatores associados à utilização autorrelatada de anfetaminas entre caminhoneiros que trafegam na rodovia BR 251, no trecho de Montes Claros, MG, com parada em um posto de combustível. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo com seleção dos indivíduos por amostragem de conveniência. Foi utilizado um questionário com dados sociodemográficos, econômicos, ocupacionais e relacionados às anfetaminas. Realizou-se a análise bivariada, cuja variável dependente foi o uso de anfetaminas e aquelas que apresentaram associação ao nível de 20% (p≤0,20) foram selecionadas para a análise múltipla utilizando a Regressão de Poisson. Permaneceram no modelo as variáveis com desfecho ao nível de 5% (p≤ 0,05). Dentre os 306 pesquisados, 22,2% eram usuários de anfetaminas, sendo o princípio ativo mais utilizado o Femproporex (Desobesi®). A média de idade foi de 41 anos, variando de 22 a 77 anos. A maioria trabalha mais de 10 horas diárias. O uso de anfetaminas esteve associado aos profissionais mais jovens e com maior carga horária de trabalho. Faz-se necessário um controle maior sobre a venda desses medicamentos por parte dos órgãos competentes.Palavras-chave: Prevalência. Anfetaminas. Drogas Ilícitas. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE AMPHETAMINES USE AMONG TRUCK DRIVERSABSTRACT: Amphetamines known as "rivets" are commonly used by truck drivers. This study aimed to verify the prevalence and factors associated with the self-reported use of amphetamines among truck drivers who travel on the BR 251 highway, in the Montes Claros stretch, MG, stopping at a fuel station. It is a cross-sectional, quantitative study with selection of individuals by convenience sampling. A questionnaire with socio-demographic, economic, occupational and amphetamine-related data was used. The bivariate analysis was performed, whose dependent variable was the use of amphetamines, and those that showed association at the level of 20% (p≤0.20) were selected to multiple variety analysis using Poisson Regression. Remain in analysis only variables whose end point was 5% (p≤0.05). Among 306 participants, 22.2% had used amphetamine, Femproporex (Desobesi®)was the most common active principle used. Mean age was 41 years, range 22 to 77 years old. Most interviewed works more than 10 hours a day. Younger drivers and more daily hours of work were associated with amphetamine use. Finally, to decrease amphetamine use and abuse, it is essential a closer sale control on this drugs by the government.Keywords: Prevalence. Amphetamines. Illicit Drugs.

scholarly journals Magnitude and factors associated with surgical site infection among mothers underwent cesarean delivery in Nekemte town public hospitals, western Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250736
Author(s):  
Diriba Ayala ◽  
Tadesse Tolossa ◽  
Jote Markos ◽  
Mekdes Tigistu Yilma
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prolonged Labor

Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious public health problem due to its impacts on maternal morbidity and mortality and it can have a significant effect on quality of life for the patient. However, little has been studied regarding the magnitude and factors associated with SSI among women underwent cesarean delivery (CD) in study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and factors associated with SSI among women underwent cesarean delivery in Nekemte Town Public Hospitals 2020. Methods An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1/2018 to January 1/2020. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 401 patient cards from all records women underwent CD from January 1/2018 to January 1/2020. Epidata version 3.2 was used for data entry, and STATA version 14 was used for analysis. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association of independent variables with the outcome variable and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to estimate the strength of the association. Results Three hundred eight two (382) cards of women were selected for analysis making a response rate of 95.2%. The mean (±SD) age of the mothers was 25.9 (±4.8) years. The prevalence of SSIs was 8.9% (95% CI: 6.03, 11.76). Age > 35 years (AOR = 5.03, 95% CI:1.69, 14.95), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 5.63, 95%CI:1.88, 16.79), prolonged labor (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI:1.01, 32.19), receiving general anesthesia (AOR = 3.96 95% CI:1.02, 15.29), and post-operative hemoglobin less than 11 g/dl (AOR = 4.51 95% CI:1.84, 11.07) were significantly associated with the occurrence of SSI after cesarean delivery. Conclusions and recommendations The magnitude of post CD SSI in this study was comparable with the sphere standards of CDC guidelines for SSI after CD. Concerned bodies should give due attention the proper utilization of partograph to prevent prolonged labor, and provision of iron folate to increase the hemoglobin level of pregnant mothers in all health institution. In addition, we would recommend the use of spinal anesthesia over general anesthesia.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONALISM IN NURSING AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED AMONG NURSES WORKING IN ARSI ZONE PUBLIC HOSPITALS, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Degefa Tola ◽  
Yibeltal Siaraneh Beleta ◽  
Fikru Tafese Jaleta
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Arsi Zone

Abstract Background: Professionals are defined in the context of a particular body of knowledge which is obtained through formal education, expanded level of skills, type of certification proving their entry into the profession; a set of behavioral norms called professionalism and attitudes representing high levels of commitment to and identification with a specific profession. Several factor affecting the development of the nursing profession. Recognizing and determining such factors can be the first step to move towards the professionalization of nursing. The objective of this study was to assess professionalism in nursing and factors associated among nurses working in Arsi zone, Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia 2018. Methods: This study used an Institutional based cross sectional study design. Self-administered structured questionnaire adapted from RNAO (Registered Nurses association of Ontario) guideline, was used to measure the level of professionalism. The sample was 420 nurses from the six Public Hospitals of Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to identify associations. Odds ratio was calculated for related factors with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Result: Out of 420 Nurses working in six public Hospitals, 380 responded to the questionnaire, making the response rate of 90.5%. In current study level of professionalism was high among nurses (n=380) with highest percentages on accountability, advocacy, and ethics. Gender (AOR =2.489, 95% CI=1.540-4.023), nursing is indispensable (AOR=1.760, 95% CI=1.104-2.806), job satisfaction (AOR= 1.844, 95% CI = 1.143-2.975) and having up to dated training (AOR= 1.809, 95%CI=1.071-3.055 were significantly associated with overall professionalism level. Conclusion: Nurses working in public hospitals of Arsi zone have relatively had better professionalism level. Gender, nursing is indispensable, job satisfaction, presence of up-to-dated trainings were found significantly associated with professionalism in nursing. Human resource personnel and CEOs of respective hospitals should develop various training programs for nurses and provide encouraging environments for obtaining better qualities in attributes of professionalism. Keywords Attributes of professionalism, Nursing, Professionalism, associated factors

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