scholarly journals Assessment of Hydrologic Transient Storage of Three Streams

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 79-80
Author(s):  
Michael Gooseff
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Ample Opportunity ◽  
Biogeochemical Transformations

Stream sediments are important locations of biogeochemical transformations upon which many stream ecosystem functions depend. Stream water is often exchanged between the stream channel and surrounding subsurface locations - this process is known as hyporheic exchange. While stream water is moving through the hyporheic zone, solutes and nutrients may undergo important chemical reactions that are not possible in the main stream channel. Further, because the hyporheic zone is composed of porous media (sand, sediment, alluvium, etc.), flow inherently slows down and the exchanging water has ample opportunity to interact with mineral grain surfaces and biofilms.

Effects of riffle–step restoration on hyporheic zone chemistry in N-rich lowland streams

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamao Kasahara ◽  
Alan R Hill
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Exchange Flow ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Lowland Streams ◽  
Hyporheic Zones

Stream restoration projects that aim to rehabilitate ecosystem health have not considered surface–subsurface linkages, although stream water and groundwater interaction has an important role in sustaining stream ecosystem functions. The present study examined the effect of constructed riffles and a step on hyporheic exchange flow and chemistry in restored reaches of several N-rich agricultural and urban streams in southern Ontario. Hydrometric data collected from a network of piezometers and conservative tracer releases indicated that the constructed riffles and steps were effective in inducing hyporheic exchange. However, despite the use of cobbles and boulders in the riffle construction, high stream dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were depleted rapidly with depth into the hyporheic zones. Differences between observed and predicted nitrate concentrations based on conservative ion concentration patterns indicated that these hyporheic zones were also nitrate sinks. Zones of low hydraulic conductivity and the occurrence of interstitial fines in the restored cobble-boulder layers suggest that siltation and clogging of the streambed may reduce the downwelling of oxygen- and nitrate-rich stream water. Increases in streambed DO levels and enhancement of habitat for hyporheic fauna that result from riffle–step construction projects may only be temporary in streams that receive increased sediment and nutrient inputs from urban areas and croplands.

Identifying flow transience in the hyporheic zone by Electric Resistivity Tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Riml ◽  
Liwen Wu ◽  
Robert Earon ◽  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Flood Hydrograph

<p>The importance of hydrological interactions between groundwater and surface waters and the consequential transport of mass and energy across the streambed – water interface has gained significant research attention lately. In this phenomenological study we investigated the transient nature of hyporheic exchange as a response to flood events by performing a stream manipulation experiment in a small boreal stream within the Krycklan catchment, Sweden. The stream flow was manipulated in order to create a flood event and investigate the responding dynamically changing spatial extent of the hyporheic zone. The artificial flood caused an approximately 5-fold increase in stream discharge.</p><p>The experimental set-up consisted of both geophysical and hydrological methods, including time-lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) along the thalweg of a 6.3 m long stream section, with a 0.1 m longitudinal spacing of the electrodes. A constant stream water electric conductivity (EC) was obtained throughout the experiment by using a variable rate tracer injection of chloride. Additional measurements of background EC in the streambed sediments as well as streambed topography (from a total station) and subsurface structures (from Ground Penetrating Radar) were used to support the results from the ERT.</p><p>With combined experimental and numerical modeling approaches, the hyporheic response to transient hydrologic boundary conditions and small scale streambed heterogeneities were investigated. Results indicated that a quick response of the hyporheic zone to the changing pressure distribution on the streambed was strongly controlled by the shape of the flood hydrograph. Moreover, the response resulted in an alteration of the hyporheic flowpaths, which increased the hyporheic zone depth and contributed to a dynamically-changing residence time distribution within the hyporheic zone. This alteration was further complicated by the local streambed heterogeneities. The observed substantial variabilities in the hyporheic fluxes over the time span of a flood hydrograph and longitudinally over the measured stream section has direct consequences on the biogeochemical and hydro-ecological functioning of the hyporheic zone, which would be inadequately estimated using homogenous, steady-state approaches.</p>

Denitrifïcations in Sediments from the Hyporheic Zone Adjacent to a Small Forested Stream

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1140-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Duff ◽  
Frank J. Triska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production ◽  
Acetylene Blockage Technique ◽  
Acetylene Blockage

Denitrification was assayed by the acetylene blockage technique in hyporheic sediments. Samples were obtained along transects perpendicular to the stream at two sites: (1) the base of a slope dominated by old-growth redwood and (2) the base of a slope dominated by alder regenerating from a clearcut in 1965. Denitrification was evident at in situ nitrate concentrations at all locations tested. Activity was stimulated by nitrate but nitrate plus glucose had no additional effect. Denitrifying potentials increased with increasing distance from the stream channel. Dissolved oxygen was 100% of the concentration expected in equilibrium with the atmosphere in water obtained from monitoring wells immediately adjacent to the stream but was as low as 7% of the expected value in water 11.4 m inland. Both nitrate and dissolved organic carbon decreased over summer in wells at the base of the alder-forested slope. A 48-h injection of nitrate-amended stream water into hyporheic water 8.4 m inland stimulated nitrous oxide production in the presence of acetylene. Nitrous oxide was generated as nitrate and acetylene were co-transported to a well 13 m down-gradient. The acetylene-block experiments coupled with the chemistry data suggest that denitrification can modify the chemistry of water during passage through the hyporheic zone.

Impacts of engineering baffles on the hyporheic exchange in a straight channel with floodplain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Huang ◽  
Ting Fong May Chui
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Straight Channel ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Stream Width

<p>The hyporheic zone (HZ) is the region of saturated sediment surrounding a stream which connects surface water and groundwater flow. The overlying water with dissolved matters infiltrates into the HZ, stays there for some time and interacts with groundwater, and exfiltrates out of the HZ, resulting in hyporheic exchanges (HEs). The HEs support physicochemical and biological reactions that are essential to river ecosystem functions. In recent decades, more and more stream restoration projects involve the recovery of HE, however, effective guidance in restoring HE is still missing. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of different engineering baffle designs in restoring HZ in a straight channel with floodplain. Both flume and numerical models coupling stream and groundwater flow were built. The flume model was built in a recirculating box to simulate different hydrological conditions (e.g., streamflow and groundwater flow) and baffle designs (e.g., baffle amplitude, interval). Tracer experiments were performed, and results were used to quantify the impacts of baffles designs on the HE fluxes. For the numerical models, the surface flow was simulated by solving Reynold-average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations in two phases using volume of fluid method (VoF) in Fluent, while the groundwater flow was simulated by solving Richard’s equation in COMSOL. The numerical models were calibrated with experiments, and could output the flux, scale and median residence time (MRT) of the HE. For fixed baffle interval of four times the stream width, the flux and scale of HE peaked at baffle amplitude of around one third of stream width, while the MRT increased with increasing amplitude. For fixed baffle amplitude of one third of the stream width, the flux of HE peaked at baffle interval of around four times the stream width, the scale of HE was positively correlated to interval while the MTR had the lowest value at the interval of around two times the stream width. The results of this study directly benefit the development of practical baffle designs of river restoration.  The coupled models developed are also generally applicable to investigate the efficiency of different stream rehabilitation designs in restoring HZ.</p>

scholarly journals Nitrogen attenuation, dilution and recycling in the intertidal hyporheic zone of a subtropical estuary

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 4083-4096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Lamontagne ◽  
Frédéric Cosme ◽  
Andrew Minard ◽  
Andrew Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Subtropical Estuary ◽  
Biogeochemical Transformations

Abstract. Tidal estuarine channels have complex and dynamic interfaces controlled by upland groundwater discharge, waves, tides and channel velocities that also control biogeochemical processes within adjacent sediments. In an Australian subtropical estuary, discharging groundwater with elevated (> 300 mg N L−1) NH4+ and NO3- concentrations had 80 % of the N attenuated at this interface, one of the highest N removal rates (> 100 mmol m−2 day−1) measured for intertidal sediments. The remaining N was also diluted by a factor of 2 or more by mixing with surface water before being discharged to the estuary. Most of the mixing occurred in a hyporheic zone in the upper 50 cm of the channel bed. However, groundwater entering this zone was already partially mixed (12 %–60 %) with surface water via tide-induced circulation. Below the hyporheic zone (50–125 cm below the channel bed), NO3- concentrations declined slightly faster than NH4+ concentrations and δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 gradually increased, suggesting a co-occurrence of anammox and denitrification. In the hyporheic zone, δ15NNO3 continued to become enriched (consistent with either denitrification or anammox) but δ18ONO3 became more depleted (indicating some nitrification). A high δ15NNO3 (23 ‰–35 ‰) and a low δ18ONO3 (1.2 ‰–8.2 ‰) in all porewater samples indicated that the original synthetic nitrate pool (industrial NH4NO3; δ15N ∼ 0 ‰; δ18O ∼ 18 ‰–20 ‰) had turned over completely during transport in the aquifer before reaching the channel bed. Whilst porewater NO3- was more δ18O depleted than its synthetic source, porewater δ18OH2O (−3.2 ‰ to −1.8 ‰) was enriched by 1 ‰–4 ‰ relative to rainfall-derived groundwater mixed with seawater. Isotopic fractionation from H2O uptake during the N cycle and H2O production during synthetic NO3- reduction are the probable causes for this δ18OH2O enrichment. Whilst occurring at a smaller spatial scale than tide-induced circulation, hyporheic exchange can provide a similar magnitude of mixing and biogeochemical transformations for groundwater solutes discharging through intertidal zones.

Periodic alterations of the hydrological exchange in hyporheic sediments: colmation, hyporheic fauna and abiotic parameters in a second order stream during one year 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Stein ◽  
Hans Jürgen Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hydrological Exchange

<p>In this study, the temporal variability of the hydrological exchange between stream water (SW) and groundwater (GW), colmation, hyporheic invertebrate fauna, organic matter (OM) and physicochemical parameters were examined for the period of one year. Sampling and measuring were conducted monthly from May 2019 to April 2020 at the Guldenbach river, a second order stream in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. All hyporheic samples were extracted from a depth of 15 cm below stream bottom. Colmation was measured quantitatively in the same depth.</p><p>Following the biotic and abiotic patterns found, three temporal stages of different hydrological conditions can be described:</p><ul><li>1) Strong floods, in February and March 2020 caused hydromorphological alterations of the river bed, leading to a decolmation of the hyporheic zone, a wash out of OM and hyporheic fauna. Due to high GW tables the vertical hydrological gradient (VHG) was positive indicating upwelling GW.</li> <li>2) In the months of Mai to August 2019 and April 2020, precipitation and stream discharge were lowest. Predominantly exfiltrating conditions were observed, while the amount of fine sediments (clay and silt) increased as well as colmation. High densities of hyporheic fauna, dominated by fine sediment dwelling taxa, were assessed.</li> <li>3) From September 2019 to January 2020 stream discharge was low. The VHG became increasingly negative, indicating downwelling SW. In accordance, colmation increased continuously, while densities of hyporheic invertebrates decreased and sediment dwellers became more dominant.</li> </ul><p>Precipitation, discharge events and GW table were found to be the driving factors for the annual dynamics of the hydrological exchange as well as for colmation, fauna and hydrochemistry. Electric conductivity seems a suitable indicator for the origin of water with high values in months of low precipitation and lower values after extensive precipitation events, respectively. Hyporheic fauna displayed a significant seasonality and the community structure was correlated with colmation and changes in the VHG.</p><p>This pronounced seasonality seems to be typical of many streams and should be considered for the monitoring of sediments and hyporheic habitats: Seasons with lower stream discharge are probably the most critical periods for sediment conditions.</p><p>We assume that the basic patterns of the dynamics observed basically reflect the natural situation in the catchment. However, the strength of surface run-off and the amount of fine sediments are mainly the result of anthropogenic activities and land use in the catchment.</p><p>These findings underline the significance of dynamical processes for the assessment and implementation of the Water Framework Directive.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of seasonal dynamics of fungal DNA assemblages in a flow-regulated stream in a restored forest using eDNA metabarcoding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Matsuoka ◽  
Yoriko Sugiyama ◽  
Yoshito Shimono ◽  
Masayuki Ushio ◽  
Hideyuki Doi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Regulated Stream ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Terrestrial Fungi ◽  
Forest Streams

AbstractInvestigation of the seasonal variation in the fungal community is essential for understanding biodiversity and its ecosystem functions. However, the conventional sampling method, with substrate removal and high spatial heterogeneity of community compositions, makes surveying the seasonality of fungal communities challenging. Recently, water environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, including both aquatic and terrestrial species, has been explored for its usefulness in biodiversity surveys. Examining eDNA may allow for the survey of the community over time with less disturbance to the ecosystem. In this study, we assessed whether seasonality of fungal communities can be detected with monitoring of eDNA in a flow-regulated stream in a restored forest. We conducted monthly water sampling in the stream over two years, and used DNA metabarcoding to estimate the taxonomic and functional groups of fungal eDNA in the water. The river water contained taxonomically and functionally diverse DNA from both aquatic and terrestrial fungi, such as plant decomposers, parasites, and mutualists. The DNA assemblages showed a distinct annual periodicity, meaning that the assemblages were similar to each other regardless of the year, in the same sampling season. These seasonal changes were partially explained by temperature alterations. Furthermore, the strength of the one-year periodicity may vary across functional groups. Our results suggest that forest streams act as a “natural trap” for fungal DNA and that studies of fungal DNA in stream water may provide information on the temporal variation of fungal communities inhabiting not only water but also the surrounding ecosystem.

scholarly journals Occurence of microplastics in the hyporheic zone of rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Frei ◽  
S. Piehl ◽  
B. S. Gilfedder ◽  
M. G. J. Löder ◽  
J. Krutzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
River Bank

Abstract Although recent studies indicate that fluvial systems can be accumulation areas for microplastics (MPs), the common perception still treats rivers and streams primarily as pure transport vectors for MPs. In this study we investigate the occurrence of MPs in a yet unnoticed but essential compartment of fluvial ecosystems - the hyporheic zone (HZ). Larger MP particles (500–5,000 µm) were detected using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) - Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Our analysis of MPs (500–5,000 µm) in five freeze cores extracted for the Roter Main River sediments (Germany) showed that MPs were detectable down to a depth of 0.6 m below the streambed in low abundances (≪1 particle per kg dry weight). Additionally, one core was analyzed as an example for smaller MPs (20–500 µm) with focal plane array (FPA)- based µFTIR spectroscopy. Highest MP abundances (~30,000 particles per kg dry weight) were measured for pore scale particles (20–50 µm). The detected high abundances indicate that the HZ can be a significant accumulation area for pore scale MPs (20–50 µm), a size fraction that yet is not considered in literature. As the HZ is known as an important habitat for invertebrates representing the base of riverine food webs, aquatic food webs can potentially be threatened by the presence of MPs in the HZ. Hyporheic exchange is discussed as a potential mechanism leading to a transfer of pore scale MPs from surface flow into streambed sediments and as a potential vector for small MPs to enter the local aquifer. MPs in the HZ therefore may be a potential risk for drinking water supplies, particularly during drinking water production via river bank filtration.

scholarly journals Insight into the influence of local streambed heterogeneity on hyporheic-zone flow characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2697-2712
Author(s):  
Robert Earon ◽  
Joakim Riml ◽  
Liwen Wu ◽  
Bo Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Hyporheic Flow ◽  
Exchange Processes

AbstractInteraction between surface water and groundwater plays a fundamental role in influencing aquatic chemistry, where hyporheic exchange processes, distribution of flow paths and residence times within the hyporheic zone will influence the transport of mass and energy in the surface-water/groundwater system. Geomorphological conditions greatly influence hyporheic exchange, and heterogeneities such as rocks and clay lenses will be a key factor for delineating the hyporheic zone. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were used to investigate the streambed along a 6.3-m-long reach in order to characterise geological layering and distinct features which may influence parameters such as hydraulic conductivity. Time-lapse ERT measurements taken during a tracer injection demonstrated that geological features at the meter-scale played a determining role for the hyporheic flow field. The penetration depth of the tracer into the streambed sediment displayed a variable spatial pattern in areas where the presence of highly resistive anomalies was detected. In areas with more homogeneous sediments, the penetration depth was much more uniformly distributed than observed in more heterogeneous sections, demonstrating that ERT can play a vital role in identifying critical hydraulic features that may influence hyporheic exchange processes. Reciprocal ERT measurements linked variability and thus uncertainty in the modelled resistivity to the spatial locations, which also demonstrated larger variability in the tracer penetration depth, likely due to local heterogeneity in the hydraulic conductivity field.

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