scholarly journals Effect of Losartan on Different Biochemical Parameters in Essential Hypertensive Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1827-1833
Author(s):  
Pratibha S. Salve ◽  
Chitra C. Khanwelkar ◽  
Preeti S. Salve ◽  
Vandana M. Thorat ◽  
Somnath M. Matule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Significant Difference

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) provides the most powerful regulation of blood pressure and angiotensin II is the primary mediator in this system. The binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors produces a number of potentially harmful effects that include increase in blood pressure, progression of atherosclerosis, myocardial and vascular hypertrophy. Losartan was the first ARB and found to reduce the risk of stroke, new onset of diabetes and to have a proven benefit in stroke. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of losartan on different biochemical parameters viz; blood sugar, lipid profile, uric acid and serum electrolytes. 29 newly diagnosed patients of either gender with essential hypertension were included in the study. Baseline readings of lipid profile, serum electrolytes, fasting blood sugar and uric acid were recorded before starting losartan monotherapy and were repeated after six months. After comparing the means, it was revealed that there was a significant increase in HDL cholesterol and a significant decrease in serum uric acid levels after six months of losartan therapy. No significant difference was found in blood sugar and electrolyte levels. These findings suggest that losartan can be an attractive option for the treatment of hypertension and for metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Effects of pomegranate juice on cardiometabolic risk factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in hemodialysis patients, a crossover controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Barati Boldaji ◽  
Masoumeh Akhlaghi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sagheb ◽  
Zahra Esmaeilinezhad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Pomegranate has antioxidant, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. We questioned if pomegranate juice (PJ) benefits lipid profile and oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers of hemodialysis patients. Methods: The study had a crossover design. Hemodialysis patients (n=41) were divided into two groups: PJ-treated group who received 100 ml natural PJ immediately after their dialysis session three times a week and the control group who received the usual care. After 8 weeks, a 4-week washout period was established and afterwards the role of the groups was exchanged. Lipid profile, blood pressure, and oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers were measured before and after each sequence. Comparisons between the two conditions were performed by ANCOVA with adjustments for potential confounders. Results: Based on results of intention-to-treat analysis, triglycerides were decreased in PJ condition and increased in the control. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was increased in PJ and decreased in control. There was a significant between-condition difference for both triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol (P<0.001). Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol did not significantly change in either condition. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased in PJ condition and caused a significant difference between two conditions (P<0.001). Total antioxidant capacity increased in PJ condition (P<0.001) and decreased in control (P<0.001). Conversely, malondialdehyde and interleukin-6 decreased in PJ (P<0.001) and increased in the control (P≤0.001). The changes of these biomarkers were significantly different between two conditions. Conclusions: In conclusion, 8-week PJ consumption showed beneficial effects on blood pressure, serum triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, oxidative stress, and inflammation in hemodialysis patients. The trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (ID number: IRCT 2016070428797N1). Keywords: Pomegranate, hemodialysis, hypertension, oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid profile.

scholarly journals Potential of garlic (Allium sativum) essence in changing blood lipid profile of hypertension patients with hypercholesterolemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Hadi Hadi ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Djamaluddin Ramlan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: As like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hypertension and its complications are one of the highest causes of death in the world.Aims: This study aims to determine the potential of garlic essence (Allium sativum) mixed with honey in changing blood pressure and lipid profile of blood in the hypertension patients with hypercholesterolemia, and to compare the effectiveness with those who received Simvastatin, the most preferred pharmacological treatment of hyperlipidemia.Methods: This research is a quasy experiment study with a Nonequivalent control group design. There were 22 hypercholesterolemia outpatients purposively selected from local health centers. The respondents were then divided equally to (a) a control group where the patients were provided with generic Simvastatin 10 mg single dose taken once in the afternoon, and (b) an intervention group where the respondents received a non-pharmacological supplement of garlic essence in 2 grams honey. The blood pressure and the blood lipid profile were examined before (Pretest) and at the Day 22 after the treatment (Posttest). The collected data was then analyzed using a T-test to define the significant mean difference between two groups, and a Cohen’s effect was measured to interpret the size of changes.Results: Either the additions of Simvastatin or the provision of garlic essence mixed with honey decreased the blood pressure (systole and diastole) and the cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol, but increased the HDL cholesterol. While significant difference was observed for all parameters at the intervention group, the improvement at the control group for triglyceride was not significant (p value = 0.041). Overall, by the Cohen's effect size effect, we can interpret that the changes was moderate for diastole and systole blood pressure, and also triglyceride and DLD-cholesterol; however the effect size was low for Cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: The findings show the importance of the garlic essence mixed with honey to be offered as a nutritional supplement for hypertensive patients with hypercholesterolemia.  Keywords: Garlic (Allium sativum) essence, Simvastatin, Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia, Blood pressure, Blood lipid profile.

Anti-Hypertensive Potential and Epigenetics of Angiotensin II type 2 Receptor (AT2R)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Critical Pathway

Background:: Renin angiotensin system (RAS) is a critical pathway involved in blood pressure regulation. Octapeptide, angiotensin II (Ang aII), is biologically active compound of RAS pathway which mediates its action by binding to either angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) or angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). Binding of Ang II to AT1R facilitates blood pressure regulation whereas AT2R is primarily involved in wound healing and tissue remodelling. Objective:: Recent studies have highlighted additional role of AT2R to counter balance detrimental effects of AT1R. Activation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor using AT2R agonist has shown effect on natriuresis and release of nitric oxide. Additionally, AT2R activation has been found to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and enhance angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) activity. These findings highlight the potential of AT2R as novel therapeutic target against hypertension. Conclusion:: The potential role of AT2R highlights the importance of exploring additional mechanisms that might be crucial for AT2R expression. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modification have been explored vastly with relation to cancer but role of such mechanisms on expression of AT2R has recently gained interest.

Abstract P060: Angiotensin AT1A Receptors on Vasopressin-Expressing Cells are Dispensable for DOCA-salt Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A Sandgren ◽  
Danny W Linggonegoro ◽  
Kristin E Claflin ◽  
Nicole A Pearson ◽  
Gary L Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Renin Hypertension ◽  
Salt Hypertension

Increased blood pressure in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt model of low-renin hypertension is correlated with increased vasopressin (AVP) secretion, and is sensitive to inhibition of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Further, AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats are largely resistant to DOCA-salt hypertension. These findings lead us to hypothesize a role for AT1A receptors localized to AVP-expressing neurons in the control of AVP secretion, specifically in low-renin hypertension. Blood pressure was assessed via tail-cuff plesthysmography and total daily AVP secretion assessed via urine copeptin in mice with specific disruption of the AT1A gene in AVP-expressing cells (AVP-Cre x AT1Aflox/flox mice, “KO”) under both baseline and DOCA-salt treatment conditions. Specific activity of Cre-recombinase within the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of AVP-Cre transgenic mice was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy in brain sections from mice expressing a conditional fluorescent reporter (AVP-Cre x ROSA-stopflox-tdTomato mice). At baseline, AVP secretion (via urine copeptin) trended downward with large variation (control n=17, 363±182 vs KO n=5, 33±11 pg/day; p>0.05) but there was no significant difference in blood pressure (control n=27, 107±1.3 vs KO n=12, 111±2.2 mmHg; p>0.05) compared to littermate controls. In response to DOCA-salt, blood pressure (control n=23, +10.35±2.1 vs KO n=8, +12.91±2.0; p>0.05), urine output (control n=23, +12.65±0.8 vs KO n=9, +12.73±1.5 g/day; p>0.05), and fluid intake (control n=23, +16.17±1.3 vs KO n=9, +14.83±2.5 mL/day; p>0.05) increased normally in KO mice. Preliminary findings indicate normal or possibly exaggerated urine copeptin levels in KO mice following DOCA-salt, and an exaggerated AVP release in response to increasing serum osmolality. Collectively, these data suggest that AT1A receptors on AVP expressing cells are required to mediate baseline secretion of AVP, but that these receptors are dispensable for DOCA-salt mediated increases in circulating AVP and blood pressure.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Obese and Nonobese Men attending Master Health Checkup

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
S Vinod Babu ◽  
Anusha R Jagadeesan ◽  
Jothimalar Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Checkup ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity is emerging as an epidemic worldwide. Obesity is associated with a number of comorbid conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular abnormalities, anemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and psychosocial abnormalities. Aim This study aims at comparing the lipid profile levels of obese and nonobese men. Materials and methods This was a case—control study conducted at a tertiary care center. Totally, 80 men in the age group of 20 to 47 years attending the master health checkup were included in the study, out of which 40 men with normal body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 25 belonged to group I and 40 men with increased BMI of 30 and above belonged to group II. Lipid profile parameters, such as triglycerides (TGLs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were estimated in them. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 15.0. Results Statistically significant difference was found in the total cholesterol levels with a p-value of 0.040 while the difference in LDL cholesterol was statistically highly significant with a p-value of 0.040. Conclusion Among lipid profile parameters, only total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol showed significant difference between the obese and nonobese individuals. However, the other parameters like HDL cholesterol and TGLs did not show any significant difference. How to cite this article Babu SV, Jagadeesan AR, Ramalingam J. A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Obese and Nonobese Men attending Master Health Checkup. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):73-75.

Abstract P128: Serum Lipid Levels at Adolescence can Predict Adult Dyslipidemia in South Korea - The Kangwha Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung H Lee ◽  
Hyeon C Kim ◽  
Dae R Kang ◽  
Il Suh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Auc Value

Introduction: Several studies have examined tracking pattern of lipid profile level during long follow-up periods in Western countries. However, there have been few such studies in East Asia. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that there exists tracking pattern of lipid profile level from adolescence to adulthood, and lipid measurements in adolescence can predict adult dyslipidemia in South Korea. Methods: The Kangwha Study was a community-based prospective cohort study that started in 1986 in Kangwha County, South Korea . A total of 400 participants (54% women) whose serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level were measured at least once during adolescence (1992-1996), and repeatedly measured at least once during adulthood (2005-2015) were enrolled in our study. Body mass index, waist circumstance, and blood pressure were measured at all measurements. Family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking history, and presence of adult dyslipidemia were checked at adulthood. The tracking pattern of lipid profile level was determined by tracking coefficients (low: <0.30; moderate: 0.30-0.59; moderately high: 0.60-0.89; high: ≥0.90). The tracking coefficients were calculated by Generalized Estimating Equation. The predictability of adult dyslipidemia was assessed by multiple logistic regression and area under curve (AUC) value. Additional analyses were performed to find out whether repeated lipid measurements during adolescence can enhance the predictability of adult dyslipidemia or not. Results: The presence of adult dyslipidemia was 26.3% (105 of 400). Mean age of study participants at enrollment is 13.8 years (SD, 1.6 years), and that at adulthood is 30.1 years (SD, 3.7 years). When adjusted for age, body mass index, waist circumstance, and blood pressure, the tracking coefficient of total cholesterol was 0.59 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54-0.63), that of triglyceride was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.28-0.49), and that of HDL cholesterol was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.46-0.55). The AUC value of our multiple logistic regression model on adult dyslipidemia without lipid profile levels at adolescence was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.72-0.83), and that with lipid profile levels at adolescence was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75-0.85). P value for AUC comparison was significant (p=0.02). In additional analyses, using the average lipid profile levels in multiple lipid measurements at adolescence did not significantly improve the AUC value (p>0.09). Conclusion: In conclusion, moderate tracking patterns of serum lipid profile level were shown in this study. Serum lipid profile measurements at adolescence could help the prediction of adult dyslipidemia. The results of this study supported the need of lipid profile screening at adolescence.

Centrally induced cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to hydrocortisone in rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. H1013-H1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takahashi ◽  
K. Takeda ◽  
H. Ashizawa ◽  
A. Inoue ◽  
S. Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Antagonist ◽  
Dose Dependent

Central effects of hydrocortisone were investigated by injecting it intracerebroventricularly (icv) while recording blood pressure and heart rate in awake rats. Dose-dependent increases in both blood pressure and heart rate occurred following injections of hydrocortisone. Pretreatment by icv injections of the angiotensin II antagonist, [Sar1-Ile8]angiotensin II, completely abolished vasopressor responses to subsequent injections of hydrocortisone. When rats were later anesthetized with urethan to allow recording of abdominal sympathetic nerve activity, hydrocortisone produced vasopressor responses accompanied by corresponding increases in sympathetic nerve firing, which were also abolished by central pretreatment with either [Sar1-Ile8]angiotensin II or angiotensin I converting-enzyme inhibitor, captopril. These results indicate that centrally administered hydrocortisone stimulates the brain renin-angiotensin system to produce vasopressor responses by increasing sympathetic nerve firing.

scholarly journals Rosiglitazone, a Ligand to PPARγ, Improves Blood Pressure and Vascular Function through Renin-Angiotensin System Regulation

PPAR Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sánchez-Aguilar ◽  
Luz Ibarra-Lara ◽  
Leonardo Del Valle-Mondragón ◽  
María Esther Rubio-Ruiz ◽  
Alicia G. Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Insulin Sensitizer ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligand, has been reported to act as insulin sensitizer and exert cardiovascular actions. In this work, we hypothesized that RGZ exerts a PPARγ–dependent regulation of blood pressure through modulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-type 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin-(1-7)/angiotensin II type-2 receptor (AT2R) axis in an experimental model of high blood pressure. We carried on experiments in normotensive (Sham) and aortic coarctation (AoCo)-induced hypertensive male Wistar rats. Both sham and AoCo rats were treated 7 days with vehicle (V), RGZ (5 mg/kg/day), or RGZ+BADGE (120 mg/kg/day) post-coarctation. We measured blood pressure and vascular reactivity on aortic rings, as well as the expression of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) proteins. We found that RGZ treatment in AoCo group decreases blood pressure values and improves vascular response to acetylcholine, both parameters dependent on PPARγ-stimulation. RGZ lowered serum angiotensin II (AngII) but increased Ang-(1-7) levels. It also decreased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2dG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and improved the antioxidant capacity. Regarding protein expression of RAS, RGZ decreases ACE and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and improved ACE2, AT2R, and Mas receptor in AoCo rats. Additionally, an in silico analysis revealed that 5′UTR regions of RAS and PPARγ share motifs with a transcriptional regulatory role. We conclude that RGZ lowers blood pressure values by increasing the expression of RAS axis proteins ACE2 and AT2R, decreasing the levels of AngII and increasing levels of Ang-(1-7) in a PPARγ-dependent manner. The in silico analysis is a valuable tool to predict the interaction between PPARγ and RAS.

scholarly journals Genetic knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the nervous system attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 147032031983440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongming Zhang ◽  
Yijing Zhang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Shengchen Ding ◽  
Chenhui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Subfornical Organ ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Basal Blood Pressure

Introduction: Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is expressed throughout the central nervous system and peripheral organs involved in the regulation of blood pressure, but the systemic effects of BDNF in the control of blood pressure are not well elucidated. Materials and methods: We utilized loxP flanked BDNF male mice to cross with nestin-Cre female mice to generate nerve system BDNF knockdown mice, nestin-BDNF (+/–), or injected Cre adenovirus into the subfornical organ to create subfornical organ BDNF knockdown mice. Histochemistry was used to verify injection location. Radiotelemetry was employed to determine baseline blood pressure and pressor response to angiotensin II (1000 ng/kg/min). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of renin–angiotensin system components in the laminal terminalis and peripheral organs. Results: Nestin-BDNF (+/–) mice had lower renin–angiotensin system expression in the laminal terminalis and peripheral organs including the gonadal fat pad, and a lower basal blood pressure. They exhibited an attenuated hypertensive response and a weak or similar modification of renin–angiotensin system component expression to angiotensin II infusion. Subfornical organ BDNF knockdown was sufficient for the attenuation of angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Conclusion: Central BDNF, especially subfornical organ BDNF is involved in the maintenance of basal blood pressure and in augmentation of hypertensive response to angiotensin II through systemic regulation of the expression of renin–angiotensin system molecules.

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