scholarly journals Morphology, molecular identification, and pathogenicity of Vibrio spp. on blood clam (Anadara granosa) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia tourism beach areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA ROOSIANA DEVI ◽  
Ari Susilowati ◽  
RATNA SETYANINGSIH
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Blood Clam ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Anadara Granosa ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Abstract. Devi AR, Susilowati A, Setyaningsih R. 2019. Morphology, molecular identification, and pathogenicity of Vibrio spp. on blood clam (Anadara granosa) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia tourism beach areas. Biodiversitas 20: 2890-2896. Seafood is very popular among Indonesian people, especially in coastal areas. In Bantul Yogyakarta, blood clams have become one of tourist's favorite, either cooked or raw. Blood clams are filter feeders that cause the clams to be vulnerable to contamination of pathogenic bacteria that can cause foodborne disease, including Escherichia, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio. The 10-20% cases of foodborne disease transmitted through seafood caused by Vibrio spp. Three species of Vibrio can cause foodborne disease in humans, i.e., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. The purpose of this study was to determine the character of Vibrio using morphological and molecular identification and pathogenicity on blood clam (Anadara granosa). Blood clams samples were collected from Depok, Goa Cemara, and Kwaru beaches in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Isolation of Vibrio spp. from blood clams was done using selective differential Thiosulfate Citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) culture medium. The morphological characters of the isolate colonies were determined based on the color, shape, texture, and size of the colony. Hemolysis test was also performed to evaluate the pathogenicity by using blood agar media. Molecular identification of Vibrio species was made using 16S rRNA sequence. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Neighbor-Joining method in Mega X software. Samples for the analysis came from DNA sequences of this study and those from the GenBank database. Of the total 15 isolates obtained, four isolates showed positive β-hemolysis, namely, isolate P2S2 -1bH, P3S1-1aH, P2S1-1aK and P2S2-1aK, and one isolate had positive α-hemolysis (P3S2-1aK). Seven species of Vibrio were identified as V. algynolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. diabolicus, V neocaledonicus, V. azureus, V. natrigens, and V. cholerae.

scholarly journals Colony morphology and molecular identification of Vibrio spp. on green mussels (Perna viridis) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia tourism beach areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
FARIDA HIKMAWATI ◽  
Ari Susilowati ◽  
RATNA SETYANINGSIH
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Coastal Tourism ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Abstract. Hikmawati F, Susilowati A, Setyaningsih R. 2019. Colony morphology and molecular identification of Vibrio spp. on green mussels (Perna viridis) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia tourism beach areas. Biodiversitas 20: 2891-2899. Green mussels (Perna viridis) have filter feeder properties that allow pathogenic bacteria from the water environment to accumulate in relatively high levels. About 20% of foodborne diseases are caused by large quantities of seafood contaminated with bacteria. The purpose of this study is to determine the morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, identity, and the kinship of Vibrio species on green mussels in Yogyakarta coastal tourism areas. Vibrio spp. were grown on selective differential TCBS media. In this media, the suspected Vibrio spp. would produce yellow or green colonies. The ability of hemolysis of Vibrio was blood agar media, the species was molecularly identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence, and the phylogenetic relationship of the Vibrio spp., was analyzed using MEGA X Neighbor-Joining program. Based on morphological analysis, we obtained 23 bacterial isolates suspected to be Vibrio spp. Two Isolates (L1K2 6 and L2K2 13) were positive for α-hemolysis activity and 4 isolates (L1K1 3, L2K1 8, L2K2 16, and L3K2 22) were positive for β-hemolysis activity. The molecular analysis involved 18 Vibrio species, and 4 of them represented the Vibrio genus and 14 species represented 97-99% similarity species in accordance with the 16S rRNA sequence in database, namely: Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio neocaledonicus, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio azureus, Vibrio diabolicus, Vibrio tapetis, Vibrio natriegens, and Vibrio owensii. The most dominant number of Vibrio isolates was V. alginolyticus, while the lowest was V. owensii. The highest number of Vibrio species in green mussels was found in Goa Cemara beach while the lowest was in Kwaru beach. Vibrio spp bacteria found in green clams in coastal tourism areas in Yogyakarta have close phylogenetic relationships with other Vibrio in seafood in Indonesian coastal waters.

scholarly journals AN INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY OF MOLECULAR AND TRADITIONAL APPROACHES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A STORAGE MITE, ALEUROGLYPHUS OVATUS (ACARI: ASTIGMATA: ACARIDAE) IN MALAYSIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 882-889
Author(s):  
Ernieenor Faraliana Che Lah
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Accurate Identification

A reliable and rapid taxonomic identification of a mite is the basis for a correct diagnosis of important mite associated allergies as they produce species-specific allergens. A double approach (molecular and morphological) to the taxonomic identification of Aleuroglyphus ovatus was presented. Molecular identification was performed with amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2), whilst morphological characters were examined under light microscope. The BLAST results obtained from molecular analysis of A. ovatus was shown to be in concordance with the morphological identification with 97% genetic similarity. Thus, the molecular identification based on the ITS2 region can be applied as a reliable and efficient tool for species identification of Aleuroglyphus and probably any other astigmatid mites. Our findings suggest the need for a broad taxonomic sampling especially from closely related species for an accurate identification of local mites using both DNA sequences and morphology.

Systematics, Biogeography, and Morphological Character Evolution of the Hemiepiphytic Subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zuluaga ◽  
Martin Llano ◽  
Ken Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
R Package ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Tropics

The subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae) is the third richest clade in the family, with ca. 369 described species and ca. 700 estimated. It comprises mostly hemiepiphytic or epiphytic plants restricted to the tropics, with three intercontinental disjunctions. Using a dataset representing all 12 genera in Monsteroideae (126 taxa), and five plastid and two nuclear markers, we studied the systematics and historical biogeography of the group. We found high support for the monophyly of the three major clades (Spathiphylleae sister to Heteropsis Kunth and Rhaphidophora Hassk. clades), and for six of the genera within Monsteroideae. However, we found low rates of variation in the DNA sequences used and a lack of molecular markers suitable for species-level phylogenies in the group. We also performed ancestral state reconstruction of some morphological characters traditionally used for genera delimitation. Only seed shape and size, number of seeds, number of locules, and presence of endosperm showed utility in the classification of genera in Monsteroideae. We estimated ancestral ranges using a dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model as implemented in the R package BioGeoBEARS and found evidence for a Gondwanan origin of the clade. One tropical disjunction (Monstera Adans. sister to Amydrium Schott–Epipremnum Schott) was found to be the product of a previous Boreotropical distribution. Two other disjunctions are more recent and likely due to long-distance dispersal: Spathiphyllum Schott (with Holochlamys Engl. nested within) represents a dispersal from South America to the Pacific Islands in Southeast Asia, and Rhaphidophora represents a dispersal from Asia to Africa. Future studies based on stronger phylogenetic reconstructions and complete morphological datasets are needed to explore the details of speciation and migration within and among areas in Asia.

Insects as vectors of foodborne pathogenic bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Blazar ◽  
Marc Allard ◽  
E. Kurt Lienau
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
House Fly ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Salmonella Spp

AbstractFood safety is an important consideration worldwide. To maintain and improve our current knowledge of foodborne disease outbreaks, we must understand some of the more imminent issues related to food safety. A variety of agents are responsible for transmitting the estimated 76 million cases of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens every year. This review explores why insects pose a serious health concern, in terms of worldwide food safety initiatives, by looking at evidence in published <abs>Food safety is an important consideration worldwide. To maintain and improve our current knowledge of foodborne disease outbreaks, we must understand some of the more imminent issues related to food safety. A variety of agents are responsible for transmitting the estimated 76 million cases of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens every year. This review explores why insects pose a serious health concern, in terms of worldwide food safety initiatives, by looking at evidence in published literature. We highlight at least eleven different species of insects, including the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer); secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius); synanthropic flies [flesh fly, Sarcophaga carnaria (L.); house fly, Musca domestica (L.); fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen); and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)], American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.); German cockroach, Blatella germanica (L.); Oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis (L.); Pacific beetle cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz); and Speckled feeder cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier), which act as vectors for Salmonella spp. or Escherichia coli and illustrate how these insects are successful vectors of foodborne disease outbreaks. We propose that insects be considered as one of the latest issues in food safety initiatives. Not only are some insects extremely important contributors to diseases, but now we suggest that more research into insects as potential carriers of E. coli and Salmonella spp., and therefore as contributing to foodborne disease outbreaks, is granted.

scholarly journals Nothing in (sponge) biology makes sense – except when based on holotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Erpenbeck ◽  
Merrick Ekins ◽  
Nicole Enghuber ◽  
John N.A. Hooper ◽  
Helmut Lehnert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Reference Sequences ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Preservation History

Sponge species are infamously difficult to identify for non-experts due to their high morphological plasticity and the paucity of informative morphological characters. The use of molecular techniques certainly helps with species identification, but unfortunately it requires prior reference sequences. Holotypes constitute the best reference material for species identification, however their usage in molecular systematics and taxonomy is scarce and frequently not even attempted, mostly due to their antiquity and preservation history. Here we provide case studies in which we demonstrate the importance of using holotype material to answer phylogenetic and taxonomic questions. We also demonstrate the possibility of sequencing DNA fragments out of century-old holotypes. Furthermore we propose the deposition of DNA sequences in conjunction with new species descriptions.

Sinalliaria, a new genus of Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ying Zhou ◽  
HONG-WEI ZHANG ◽  
JIANG-QIN HU ◽  
Xiao-Feng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Seed Testa

Sinalliaria is described here as a new genus of the family Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on the morphological characters and molecular sequences. Sinalliaria differs from the related genus Orychophragmus in having basal leaves petiolate, simple or rarely with 1‒3 lateral lobes (not pinnatisect); cauline leaves petiolate, cordate at base (not sessile, auriculate or amplexicaul at base); petals obovate to narrowly obovate, claw inconspicuous (not broadly obovate, with a claw as along as sepal); siliques truncate (not long-beaked) at apex. The microscopic characters of seed testa also show significant differences between Sinalliaria and Orychophragmus. Phylogenetic evidence from DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid region trnL-trnF indicates that Sinalliaria is a distinct group related to Orychophragmus and Raphanus, but these three genera do not form a clade. The new genus Sinalliaria is endemic to eastern China and has only one species and one variety. The new combinations, S. limprichtiana (Pax) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang and S. limprichtiana var. grandifolia (Z. X. An) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang are proposed here.

Utilization of Cockle Shell (Anadara Granosa) as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates in Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Ranno Marlany Rachman ◽  
Try Sugiyarto Soeparyanto ◽  
Edward Ngii
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Blood Clam ◽  
Anadara Granosa

This research aimed to utilize Anadara Granosa (Blood clam shell) clamshell waste as a new innovation in concrete technology and to investigate the effect of Anadara Granosa clamshell powder utilization as an aggregate substitution on the concrete compressive strength. The sample size was made of cylinders with a size of 10 cm x 20 cm with variations of clamshell powder 10%, 20% and 30% from the fine aggregate volume then soaked for 28 days as per the method of the Indonesian National Standard. The evaluation results exhibited that the slump value exceeded the slump value of normal concrete with a slump value of 0% = 160 mm, 10% = 165 mm, 20% = 180 mm and 30% = 180 mm. Additionally, it was found that the concrete compressive strength obtained post 28 days were 20.78 Mpa, 21.95 Mpa, 21.17 Mpa and 24.28 Mpa for normal concrete (0%), substitution concrete (10%), substitution concrete (20%) and substitution concrete (30%), respectively. Leading on from these results, it was concluded that the increment of Anadara Granosa clamshell powder substitution led to the increase of concrete compressive strength test.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITIES OF INDONESIAN MARINE SPONGE AAPTOS AAPTOS AND CALLYSPONGIA PSEUDORETICULATA EXTRACTS AND THEIR TOXICITY AGAINST Vibrio spp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmiati Rosmiati ◽  
Habsah Mohamad ◽  
Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad ◽  
Najiah Musa ◽  
Aziz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Vibrio Spp ◽  
Mic Value

Vibriosis is one of diseases which often results in mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larval rearing systems. It attacks shrimp of all stages in zoea, mysis and shrimp postlarva stage. This disease is caused by Vibrio spp, particularly Vibrio harveyi (a luminescent bacterium). Several kinds of antibiotics and chemical material have been used to overcome the disease but they have side effects to environment and human. The searching of bioactive compounds as an alternative treatment has been done for multi purposes. In this study diethyl eter, butanol and aqueous extract of Indonesian sponges Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata were tested for in vitro activity against Vibrio spp. and Vibrio harveyi by using disc diffusion method. The result showed that all extracts of Aaptos aaptos gave a positive antibacterial activity towards those pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, only butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata obtained to exhibit an antibacterial activity on those pathogenic bacteria. The strong anti-vibrio activity were shown by butanol and aqueous extract of Aaptos aaptos with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.313 and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Whilst, the butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata indicated a low antibacterial activity with the MIC value of 10 mg/mL. Toxicity of those active extracts was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Interestingly, butanol and aqueous extracts of Aaptos aaptos did not show any toxic effect in Artemia salina larvae up to 8 x MIC (2.504 mg/mL and 5.000 mg/mL). It is the first report for the anti-vibr io activity of both Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata. This results suggest that Aaptos aaptos has a potential to be used as a source of alternative compound to vibriosis prevention for mariculture.

scholarly journals Identification of the Pathogen Causing Stem Blight Disease on Chili in Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas, Cianjur, West Java Based on Morphological and Molecular Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Wartono Wartono
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
West Java ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

<p>Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable commodity with high economic value which is widely cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. One of the obstacles faced in chili cultivation is stem rot disease. This study aimed to identify the pathogens that caused stem rot in chili plants obtained from one location in Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas District, Cianjur Regency, West Java Province based on morphological and molecular analyses. Pathogen identification was performed with morphological and molecular approaches. The morphological characters observed included colony shape, sporangium diameter, and mating type. The pathogenicity of the isolates was assayed by inoculating chili stems aged 40 days. Molecular identification was carried out using two pairs of primers for ITS regions and TEF-1 gene. Based on the results of morphological and molecular identification, as well as pathogenicity tests, it was confirmed that Phytophthora capsici pathogen was the causal agent of stem rot in chili plants collected from Sindangjaya Village. Further study is needed to determine the spread of the disease, damage, and yield loss caused by stem rot disease, as well as how to prevent and control the disease.</p>

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