The performance and genetic variation of first and second generation tropical alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Abstract. Suwignyo B, Arifin L, Umami N, Muhlisin, Suhartanto B. 2021. The performance and genetic variation of first and second generation tropical alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Biodiversitas 22: 3265-3270. This study aimed to compare the growth performance, nutrient content, seed viability, and genetic variation of first- and second-generation alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). First and second-generation alfalfa seeds were obtained from the Forage and Pasture Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia. First generation alfalfa (F1) seeds were obtained from cross breeding of two different parental alfalfa varieties, namely, Canadian and local. The second-generation (F2) seeds were obtained from plants of the first-generation alfalfa (F1). A randomized design experiment was conducted using the two types of alfalfa (first- and second generation). Alfalfa from Canada as female parent was used as the baseline in the genetic masker test. Seeds were planted in a polybag, watered twice a day, and received 12 hours of daylight and 4 hours of artificial light. Plants were then harvested 8 weeks after planting by cutting the plant canopy. Genetic variation was examined using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) method followed by descriptive analysis. Germination, plant height, dry matter content, organic matter, and crude protein were assessed as variables using a Student’s T-test. Our results showed that germination, plant height, leaf color, and nutrient content (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein) of the first- and second-generation alfalfa plants were not significantly different. However, the second-generation alfalfa demonstrated better seed viability than the first generation plants, then it can be categorized as a new genotype (tropical alfalfa) based on genetic variation analysis.

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Determination of degradation in the rumen for dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) harvested at differentmaturity stages using the in situ nylon bag method

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.11177 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Elif Karayilanli ◽

Veysel Ayhan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Seed Setting ◽

Maturity Stages ◽

Mature Period ◽

Medicago Sativa L

The aim of this study was to determine the degradation in the rumen for the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) harvested at different maturity stages by using an in situ nylon bag method. Maturity and harvesting effects were observed in ruminally degradable DM, OM and CP. High correlations between in situ degradability and maturity were determined. Alfalfa harvested in the bud period exhibited more extensive ruminal DM, OM and CP degradation than that harvested at other maturity stages. The alfalfa hay’s DM, OM and CP degradability were lowest (62.18%, 59.52% and 76.31%, respectively) in its most mature period of seed setting; its degradability decreased with maturity (17%, 14% and 13%, respectively).

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FORAGE PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF (Clitoria ternatea) HARVESTED AT 60, 75 AND 90 DAYS AFTER PLANTING

Pastura ◽

10.24843/pastura.2019.v08.i02.p03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

I G. N. Jelantik ◽

T. T. Nikolaus ◽

C. Leu Penu ◽

Gemini E. M. Malelak ◽

Imanuel Benu

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Forage Production ◽

Clitoria Ternatea ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate herbage production and nutritive value of C. ternatea harvested at 60, 75 and 90 days after planting. The legume was planted in eighteen of 3 × 3 m2 plots a t 40 × 20 cm2. Forage was harvested at 60, 75 and 90 days after planting as treatmens. Variables measured included forage production, nutrient content and in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Herbage production was not significantly different (P>0.05) when harvested at different stages of growth. Leaf : stem ratio, however, declined (P<0.05) with advancing growth stage. Forage quality in terms of crude protein content was comparable (P>0.05) among different harvest time. Meanwhile the energetic value as shown by in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was significantly higher (P<0.05) when C. ternatea was harvested 60 days compared to 75 and 90 days after planting. It can be concluded that for calf supplement, C. ternatea is preferably harvested at 60 d after planting. Key words : Clitoria ternatea, IVOMD, energy, calf supplement

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Effect of variety and cutting interval on yield and proximate composition of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under irrigation in Central Gondar zone, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1145324/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Alemu Tarekegn Tiruneh ◽

Dessalegn Gelaye Amsalu ◽

Kifetew Kesete Adane

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Large Scale ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Harvest Frequency ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between dry matter yield production and forage quality throughout the growing season will help to optimize the cutting intervals between harvests in different Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties. An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of harvest frequency on forage yield and quality of 2 improved cultivars (ILRI-6984 and var. DzF-552) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Western Dembia district over 20 months during 2017 and 2018. Four harvest frequencies (every 30, 40, 50 and 60 days) were compared in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The experiment was laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in factorial arrangement with four replications. To assess their production potential plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, fresh biomass yield (t ha−1) and dry matter yield (t ha−1) of the forge and its nutrient content were recorded. The data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using the general linear model (GLM) procedure in Statistical Analysis System (SAS) (2003) version 9.1. Results The results revealed that highest forage dry matter yield was recorded for variety ILRI-6984 harvested every 40 days (26.8 t DM ha−1) and for var. DzF-552 when harvested every 60 days (24.1 t DM ha−1) (P<0.001). While crude protein concentration tended to decline as age at harvest increased, there was little consistency in the pattern. Crude protein yields were also inconsistent across treatments but ILRI-6984 harvested every 40 days produced the highest yields (6.5 t ha−1) (P<0.001). Conclusion These preliminary findings need to be confirmed under field conditions on a large scale along with longer-term studies to examine the longevity of the stands at these harvest frequencies. Irregular harvesting based on stage of maturity should be compared with fixed inter-harvest intervals.

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PENAMPILAN ALFALFA (Medicago sativa) DEFOLIASI PERTAMA PADA JARAK TANAM DAN UMUR DEFOLIASI YANG BERBEDA

Pastura ◽

10.24843/pastura.2016.v06.i01.p08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Suwarno Suwarno ◽

Eko Hendarto ◽

Nur Hidayat ◽

Bahrun Bahrun ◽

Anisa Dewi Wardani Putri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Density ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Perennial Crop ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Forage Plants ◽

Plant Densities ◽

The Tropics

Forage, the main feedstuff for ruminants, includes grasses and legumes, browses, and side products of food crops. However, legumes generally have greater crude protein content relative to other species of forage plants. One of the species of legumes is alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a perennial crop that can grow from the tropics up to sub tropics. In spite of its excellent nutrient content, In Indonesia alfalfa is still not widely explored and used for feedstuff. A study was conducted to explore and evaluate of alfalfa performances in terms of the height, number of tillers, dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) productions under the effects of different plant densities and ages of defoliation”. The height of the location of study was 200 m above sea level with an average temperature of 270 C. The results showed that the ranges of the height of alfalfa, the numbers of tillers, DM and CP productions were 33.31-56.32 cm, 36.38-82.36 tillers/bunch, 556.9-1018.9 kg/ha/defoliation, and 149.75 – 291.79 kg/ha/defoliation, respectively. In general, the ages of plant at the time of defoliation and plant distances affected (P<0.05) the variables being studied. The older plants resulted in greater DM and CP yields, and more densely plantation resulted in greater DM and CP yields.Keywords: alfalfa, plant density, defoliation age.

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Energy values of whole lucerne (Medicago sativa) and of its stem and leaf fractions in immature and fully grown sheep

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9850783 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 783 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

DE Margan ◽

NM Graham ◽

TW Searle

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Energy Content ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Published Data ◽

Digestible Energy ◽

Ad Libitum

Chopped lucerne hay (Medicago sativa) and a stem fraction derived from it were fed to two adult and two immature wethers ad libitum and at a level near maintenance. Energy, nitrogen, and carbon balances were measured during feeding and fasting. The hay contained 17% crude protein and 46% cell wall constituents (dry matter basis) and the stem, which was 53% of the total, contained 10% crude protein and 64% cell wall. Voluntary dry matter consumption rates of the hay (per kg 3/4) were 103 and 145 g/day by the adults and immatures, respectively; the corresponding values for the stem were 73 and 100 g/day. Maximum daily energy balances were 290-3 16 kJ/kg3/4 for the hay and approximately maintenance for the stem. With both ad libitum and restricted feeding, energy digestibility was higher for the hay (56- 63%) than for the stem fraction (45-51%). The metabolizable fraction of digestible energy was 78% at the low and 82% at the high level of feeding and tended to be greater with the stem than with the hay. At the lower feed intake, metabolizable energy was about 10 and 8 MJ/kg organic matter for whole lucerne and stem respectively. Net availability of metabolizable energy was 64 and 49% for maintenance and gain on the hay, compared with 53 and 34% on the stem. As estimated by difference, the energy values of leaf were: digestible energy, 76%; metabolizable energy, 77% of digestible energy or 12.4 MJ/kg organic matter; net availability of metabolizable energy, 78% for maintenance and 60% for gain. All these figures are for the adult sheep; the immature animals gave values that were lower to various degrees. Consideration of the present results together with published data for other samples of lucerne suggests that the use of equations based on study of grasses to predict the energy values of lucerne is likely to introduce significant bias. Equations for this limited set of data on lucerne are given, gross energy being related to crude protein content, metabolizable energy to crude fibre and net availability of metabolizable energy to metabolizable energy content.

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PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN KALIANDRA (Calliandra calothyrsus) SEBAGAI HIJAUAN PAKAN PADA UMUR PEMOTONGAN YANG BERBEDA

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v39i2.6714 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Abqoriyah (Abqoriyah) ◽

Ristanto Utomo ◽

Bambang Suwignyo

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽

Dry Matter Content

<p>This research aimed to determine the production and nutrient content of calliandra (Caliandra calothyrsus) as a forage for ruminant in the different defoliation time. This research was conducted for 48 weeks (June 2012–June 2013) at Kaligesing forage feed area, Animal Science Department, Purworejo, Central Java. Design of the research was Completely Randomized Block Design. Soil slope was used as block. The research treatments were 6 (P1), 8 (P2), 12 (P3) and 16 (P4) weeks of cutting age. The grass of all treatment groups were cut together at the same day prior to experiment. Caliandra calothyrsus was cut at edible portion. Parameters measured were fresh forage, dry matter, organic matter and crude protein production and also nutrient content namely dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, extract ether, crude fiber, BETN and TDN. The result showed that the highest dry matter content was found in P3 (31.25%) and was different from P1 (26.51%) and P4 (28.12%). The highest crude protein content was found in P2 (21.10%) and was not different with P1 (21.09%) and P3 (19.20%), and the lowest crude protein was found inP4 (18.04%). The highest extract ether was at P3 (2.84%) and different from P1 (1.51%). The highest crude fiber was at P4 (22.56%) different with P1 (15.80%) and P2 (18.46%). Organic matter, BETN and TDN were not different among the different defoliation time. The highest fresh forage, dry matter, organic matter and crude protein production were at P4 and different (P<0.05) from P1, P2 and P3. The lowest dry matter was at P2. It is concluded that the best quality of grass was found in P3 group and the highest harvesting quantity was found in P4 group.</p><p>(Key words: Calliandra calothyrsus, Cutting age, Nutrient content, Production)</p>

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Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700100067 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 113-117

Author(s):

G. L. Mabey ◽

R. Rose Innes

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Digestible Crude Protein ◽

Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

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Introducing Mediterranean Lupins in Lambs’ Diets: Effects on Growth and Digestibility

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11040942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 942

Author(s):

Mariana Almeida ◽

Sofia Garcia-Santos ◽

Ana Nunes ◽

Sara Rito ◽

Jorge Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Lupinus Luteus ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Livestock Feeding

Lupins are suitable candidates to replace soybean meal in livestock feeding in the Mediterranean area, presenting a solution for the European Union’s dependence on soybean importations. This study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus into Churra da Terra Quente lambs’ diets on growth performance and digestibility. Two trials were conducted over two years. In trial 1, two experimental diets containing 50 g/kg Lupinus albus and 50 g/kg Lupinus luteus were tested. In trial 2, lambs were fed with diets containing higher incorporations of Lupinus luteus (100, 150, and 200 g/kg: LL10, LL15, and LL20, respectively). Total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake were calculated, as well as average daily gains. At the end of the growth trials, dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility was determined. Incorporating 50 g/kg of lupins did not affect (p > 0.05) the performance. Lambs fed on LL20 diets presented the lowest HDMI and CPI values (p < 0.05). The highest intakes (p < 0.05) were observed from LL15 lambs. No differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients between diets (p > 0.05), except for NDF digestibility which was highest (p < 0.05) for LL20. The optimum level of lupin inclusion in lambs’ diets seems to be 150 g/kg.

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Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin for cow feeding

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2019.2019.36017 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

В. Волошин ◽

Н. Морозков

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Red Clover ◽

Exchange Energy ◽

Control Group ◽

Forage Production ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Perennial Legume

По результатам научных исследований, выполненных за ряд лет в растениеводстве и животноводстве, показана целесообразность интродукции в кормопроизводство Пермского края новой многолетней бобовой культуры эспарцета песчаного. По четырёхлетним наблюдениям (2012 2015 годы) в полевых опытах культура не уступала по урожайности кормовой массы традиционному для региона клеверу луговому, а по концентрации обменной энергии и сырого протеина в сухом веществе была на уровне клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой, но в разы превосходила их по содержанию сахара. Сенаж это единственный вид зимнего корма, максимально сохраняющий обменную энергию, протеин, сахар, каротин, достаточно концентрированный, чтобы обеспечивать потребности высокопродуктивных животных. В 2018 году на Лобановском молочном комплексе ООО Русь в Пермском районе Пермского края были проведены научнохозяйственный и физиологический опыты по скармливанию сенажа из эспарцета песчаного голштинизированным коровам чёрнопёстрой породы. При использовании сенажа из эспарцета песчаного животные в сутки потребляли сухого вещества на 2,3 3,9 кг на голову больше по сравнению с группой, где в рационе было сено (контроль). В результате использования сенажа из эспарцета песчаного переваримость сухого вещества рациона у опытных групп животных была выше на 2,55 5,80 по сравнению с контрольной органического вещества на 2,54 4,14 . За учётный период научнохозяйственного опыта (120 дней) от коров опытных групп получено по 399327,2 и 414431,9 кг молока, что со средней степенью достоверности выше продуктивности животных контрольной группы (391045,4). По содержанию молочного жира и молочного белка преимущество достоверно также было за опытными группами. Затраты корма на 1 кг молока составили в контроле 0,74 энергетических корм. ед. (ЭКЕ), в опытных группах 0,71 и 0,69 ЭКЕ. Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be an effective perennial legume crop in the forage production of the Perm Territory. For 4 years (2012 2015) this crop produced forage mass, exchange energy and crude protein comparable to the ones of red clover and bastard alfalfa but exceeded them significantly in carbohydrate content. Haylage is the only type of winter forage that has sufficient concentrations of exchange energy, protein, carbohydrates and carotene, satisfying needs of highproductive livestock in nutrients. Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin was fed to Holstein BlackandWhite cows in the frame of experiments conducted in 2018. Cows consumed 2.3 3.9 kg more of dry matter (DM) with the haylage, compared to hay (control). Digestibilities of DM and organic matter were 2.55 5.80 and 2.54 4.14 higher than in the control group, respectively. For 120 days the experimental groups produced 3993 27.2 and 4144 31.9 kg of milk versus 3910 45.4 kg of the control one. The former also exceeded the latter in milk fat and protein contents. Fodder costs per 1 kg of milk amounted to 0.74 energy feed units in the control and 0.71 and 0.69 energy feed units in the experimental groups.

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Assimilation of the Puerto Ricans on the Mainland

International Migration Digest ◽

10.1177/019791836800200204 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 21-39

Author(s):

John J. Macisco

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Puerto Ricans ◽

The United States ◽

Social Scientists ◽

First Marriage ◽

Labor Force Status ◽

Age At First Marriage ◽

First And Second Generation

Social scientists have repeatedly tried to specify the process whereby assimilation takes place. This article points out the value of socio-demographic analysis in the study of assimilation, by describing the characteristics of Puerto Ricans on the United States mainland. In order to assess the direction of change between the first and second generation Puerto Ricans, data for the total United States population are also presented. Most of the data are drawn from the 1960 Census. First generation Puerto Ricans are compared with the second generation along the following dimensions: age, education, labor force status, income, occupation, age at first marriage, percent outgroup marriage and fertility. The Author concludes that second generation Puerto Ricans are moving in the direction of total United States averages.

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