scholarly journals Potential inhibition of essential oils and crude extract of Zingiber species to the growth of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. cubense

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
PURWANTI PURWANTI ◽  
SURANTO SURANTO ◽  
RATNA SETYANINGSIH

The aims of this research were (1) to investigate the potency of essential oil and crude extract of rhizome lempuyang pahit (Zingiber amaricans Vahl.), lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet L.) and lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum L.) in preventing growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (2) to determine the proper concentration of essential oil and crude extract in preventing the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Essential oil of rhizome Zingiber spp. was separated by Stahl destilation with methanol solvent. Crude extract was made by soaking the powder of Zingiber spp. in methanol absolute and then filtered by paper disk. Several compounds of rhizome Z. amaricans Vahl. were analysed by GC-MS. Potential inhibition of essential oil and crude extract were examined using disk diffusion method at concentration of 1%, 10%, and 100% respectively, while methanol absolute was used as control and Benlate fungicide was used for comparison. The result showed that essential oil and crude extract of Z. amaricans Vahl. and Z. zerumbet L. were able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Essential oil Z. amaricans Vahl. were also able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense at lowest concentration of 1% while the Z. zerumbet L. at concentration 10%. Crude extract Z. amaricans Vahl. and Z. zerumbet L. were able to prevent the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense even at concentration of 100%.

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
GALUH SARI KUSUMANINGRUM ◽  
SURANTO SURANTO ◽  
RATNA SETYANINGSIH

The aims of this research were to study the inhibition activity of essential oil and crude extract of nutmeg seed (Myristica fragrans and M. fattua) on growth of Xanthomonas campestris which is pathogen to broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), to find out the best concentration of those substances to prevent X. campestris and to compare the inhibition activity of both substances on growth of X. campestris. The essential oil of nutmeg seed (M. fragrans and M. fattua) was obtained by Stahl distillation, while crude extract of the nutmeg seeds was extracted by methanol method. The method of this research was the disk diffusion method on nutrient agar. Paper disk was prestreaked on agar medium with X. campestris to be tested. Each petri disk was placed 5 paper disk dropped with the essential oil and the crude extract of the nutmeg seed in concentrations of 100%, 10%, 1% respectively, while for the comparison, the bactericide Agrept 0,2% was used. The parameters measured were the inhibition zone from the essential oil and the crude extract of the nutmeg seeds. The result of the analysis indicated that the essential oil of M. fragrans effectively inhibited X. campestris starting at concentration of 1%, the essential oil of M. fattua effectively inhibited X. campestris at concentration of 10% and the crude extract of M. fragrans effectively inhibited X. campestris at concentration of 100%. The crude extract of M. fattua was not effective in inhibiting the growth of X. campestris.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986037
Author(s):  
Chu T.T. Ha ◽  
Tran H. Thai ◽  
Nguyen T. Hien ◽  
Ha T.V. Anh ◽  
Le N. Diep ◽  
...  

The leaf and twig essential oils of Magnolia hypolampra, growing wild in Na Hang Nature Reserve, Tuyen Quang province of Vietnam, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The oil yield calculated on a dry weight basis from leaves of M. hypolampra was very high (1.62%, v/w), while that from twigs was much lower (0.07%, v/w). The essential oils were dominated by monoterpenoids (74.3% and 84.8%) and sesquiterpenoids (24.4% and 13.3%) with β-pinene (36.5% and 41.3%), α-pinene (23.7% and 24.4%), and germacrene D (14.6% and 5.8%) as respective major components. Antibiotic activity of the essential oil samples was tested against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and yeast Candida albicans using an agar disk diffusion method. Both the leaf and twig oils showed strong inhibition against all 3 tested microorganism strains with inhibition zones from 18.5 to 30.5 mm and from 45.5 to 46 mm, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oils was determined using microdilution broth susceptibility assay against 7 test microorganism strains including Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 3 abovementioned strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of the essential oil from the twigs were from 2.0 to 8.2 mg/mL, while those from the leaves were from 4.1 to 16.4 mg/mL.


2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Virtuoso ◽  
Obdulio Gomes MIGUEL

A Erythrina velutina Willd. é conhecida popularmente como “mulungu”, suas cascas são utilizadas principalmente pela população do nordeste brasileiro devido a suas propriedades calmante, sudorífica, emoliente e anestésica local. A pesquisa teve como propósitos o isolamento de substâncias químicas, a partir de técnicas cromatográficas, presentes no extrato bruto e frações deste (hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e hidroalcoólica remanescente). A identificação dos compostos isolados foi realizada por meio da análise dos dados das espectroscopias de ultravioleta, infravermelho e ressonância magnética nuclear de carbono e hidrogênio; a verificação da atividade antibacteriana do extrato bruto foi realizada através dos testes de difusão em disco e concentração inibitória mínima e, da fração hexano por teste de difusão em disco, além disso também foi procedida a verificação da atividade alelopática na germinação e alteração do crescimento da radícula e hipocótilo das sementes de Lactuca sativa para diferentes concentrações do extrato bruto e frações, os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pela análise de variância e teste de comparação múltipla de médias de Scott & Knott. Na fração hexano foram identificados o ácido fênico, ácido cinâmico, a-amirina, estigmasterol, b-amirina, b-sitosterol e lupeol por cromatografia gasosa e isolados o estigmasterol em mistura com o b-sitosterol. Da fração diclorometano foram isolados dois alcalóides e as estruturas propostas são eritralina, que foi identificada por comparação de seus dados espectrais com os dados publicados e já foi isolada desta espécie, 8-oxo-11b-metoxieritralina e eritrinina (não relatadas para a espécie); da fração hidroalcoólica remanescente isolou-se um composto que exibe algumas características de açúcar monocíclico, ainda não completamente identificado. O extrato bruto e a fração hexano demonstraram atividade antibacteriana moderada, em relação aos antibióticos controle, contra o Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus pyogenes. A germinação das sementes de Lactuca sativa não foi inibida e o crescimento da radícula e hipocótilo destas plântulas para o extrato bruto e frações foi estatisticamente significativo e diferente dos controles com água e etanol, a fração hidroalcoólica remanescente teve a maior atividade e alterou a morfologia das plântulas causando enovelamento, ausência de pêlos radiculares e ausência de folíolos. Cabe salientar que a atividade antibacteriana, a atividade alelopática e a presença de estigmasterol e o composto isolado da fração hidroalcoólica remanescente ainda não haviam sido citadas na literatura conforme levantamento bibliográfico para Erythrina velutina. Palavras-chave: alelopatia, análise estatística, atividade antibacteriana, microbiologia, alcalóides, estigmasterol. PHITOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDY FROM ERYTHRINA VELUTINA WILLD., FABACEAE (LEGUMINASAE- PAPILIONOIDEAE) BARK. Abstract Erythrina velutina Willd. is popularly known as mulungu, and its bark is used especially by the population of the Brazilian northeast owning to its sedative, sudorific, emollient and topic anaesthetic properties. This research is aimed at isolating the chemical substances in the crude extract and its partitions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hydro alcoholic remaining fractions), through chromatographic techniques. The analysis of the spectrum copies of ultraviolet, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon and hydrogen were used in the identification of the isolated compounds. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract was verified by using disk diffusion method and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), and hexane fraction activity was verified through the disk diffusion method, and besides that the allelopathic activity in the germination and growth of the radicle and plantule of the Lactuca sativa seeds was checked at different concentrations of crude extract and fractions. Data were statistically examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scott Knott multiple comparison test. The hexane fraction GC showed fenic acid, cinnamic acid, a-amirin, stigmasterol, b-amirin, b-sitosterol and lupeol by gas chromatography; stigmasterol was isolated and identified as the major compound in the mixture with b-sitosterol. Two alkaloids were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and the structures found were: erythraline that has been identified by comparing its spectral characteristics to its published ones and has been isolated from this gender, and 8–oxo–11(-methoxyerythraline and erythrinin which had not been related to this gender before; from the remaining hidroalcoholic fraction it was possible to segregate a compound that seems to have monocyclic sugar characteristics, but has not been thoroughly identified so far. The crude extract and the hexane fraction gave evidence of moderate antibacterial activity in relation to the antibiotics control, against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The germination of Lactuca sativa seeds was not inhibited and the growth of the radicle and hypocotyls to the amount of crude extract and fractions were statistically significant and different from the water and ethanol control. The remaining hidroalcoholic fraction was the most active and that caused the plantules morphology to show alterations such as curling, radicle hair absence and follicle absence. It seems important to emphasize that antibacterial activity, allelopathic activity, stigmasterol presence and the isolated compound from the remaining hidroalcoholic fraction had never been mentioned before in literature according to a bibliographic survey of Erythrina velutina.


2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Budianto Budianto ◽  
Arief Prajitno ◽  
Ating Yuniarti

Evaluation of natural products as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent is a scientific strategy to treat the drugresistant pathogens.Fennel(FoeniculumvulgareMill) is an herbal plant that has an active in gredient which is one of its benefit sasan antibacterial material.In thisstudy,water extract of fennel fruit determined the antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus using the minimumInhibitory  Concentration Test (MIC) and paper disk diffusion method. The results obtained on the MIC, the smallest concentration inhibited the growth was 0,060 g/ml, for both bacteria. The variations on Paper Disk Diffusion Method were the concentrations of A (0.065 g/ml), B (0.070g/ml), C (0.075 g/mL), D (0.080 g/ml), E (0.085 g/ml), F (0.090 g/ml) and Control (0.000 g/ml). The concentration of 0.090 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone diameter in 11.17 ± 0.5 mm (V. harveyi) and 12.53 ± 1.14 mm (V. alginolyticus). It can be concluded that the fruits of fennel (F. vulgare Mill) has a very important ecological role as an alternative treatment in controlling the spread of vibriosis caused by V. harveyi and V. alginolyticus.Keywords: Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, MIC test and paper disk diffusionABSTRAKEvaluasi produk alami sebagai agen antimikrobia yang aman dan efektif adalah salah satu strategi ilmiah untuk memerangi ancaman patogen resistan terhadap obat. Fennel, (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), umumnya dikenal sebagai adas, merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki bahan aktif yang salah satu manfaatnya adalah sebagai bahan antibakteri.Pada penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak air dari buah adas untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio harveyi dan Vibrio alginolyticus dengan menggunakan metode uji Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan difusi cakram kertas. Hasil yang diperoleh pada uji MIC, konsentrasi terkecil untuk menghambat pertumbuhan adalah 0,060 g/ml, untuk kedua spesies bakteri. Variasi perlakuan pada uji cakram kertas yaitu konsentrasi A (0,065 g/ml), B (0,070 g/ml), C (0,075 g/ml), D (0,080 g/ml), E (0,085 g/ml), F (0,090 g/ml) dan kontrol (0,000 g/ml), hasil yang diperoleh adalah konsentrasi 0,090 g/ml memiliki diameter zona hambat tertinggi sebesar 11,17 ± 0,5 mm (V. harveyi) dan 12,53 ± 1,14 mm (V. alginolyticus), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa buah adas (F. vulgare Mill) memiliki peranan ekologi yang sangat penting sebagai bahan pengobatan alternatif dalam pengendalian penyebaran penyakit Vibriosis yang disebabkan oleh V. harveyi dan V. alginolyticus.Kata kunci: Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, uji MIC dan difusi cakram kertas 


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Bai Arifin ◽  
Imas Marthapratama ◽  
Ellana Sanoesi ◽  
Arief Prajitno

The use of natural products as an antimicrobial agent is an alternative way in the treating drug-resistant pathogens. A. hydrophila and V. harveyi are pathogenic bacteria both in freshwater and marine culture, respectively. Physic nut (Jatropha curcas, Linn) has been known as an herbal plant that has an antibacterial agent. The purpose of this study was to analyze inhibition ability of an extract of physic nut leaves on the growth of V. harveyi and A. hydrophila. In this study, water extract of physic nut leaves was determined to evaluate the antibacterial activity against V. harveyi and A. hydrophila using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Test (MIC) and Paper Disk Diffusion Method. The smallest concentration on the MIC was 0.10 g/ml for A. hydrophila and 0.15 g/ml for V. harveyi, respectively. The Paper Disk Diffusion Method used difference concentrations (0.10 g/ml; 0.15 g/ml; 0.20 g/ml; 0.25 g/ml; 0.30 g/ml; 0.35 g/ml; dan 0.40 g/ml) and Control (0 g/ml). The concentration of 0.35 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone diameter in 11.3±0.2 mm for A. hydrophila and 0.40 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone in 11.2±0.3 mm for V. harveyi. The result showed that water extract of physic nut leaves was able to inhibit both tested bacteria.


2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1661-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mirjalili ◽  
Peyman Salehi ◽  
Ali Sonboli ◽  
Javad Hadian ◽  
Samad Ebrahimi ◽  
...  

The composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Levisticum officinale Koch. at different developmental stages (flower, immature fruit, green mature fruit and ripened fruit) is reported. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples and their antibacterial activities were tested against seven bacteria. The yield of oil (w/w %) in different stages was in the order: immature fruit (1.5 %) > green mature fruit (1.0 %) > ripened fruit (0.6 %) > flower (0.1 %). The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In total, 27, 31, 28 and 26 constituents were identified and quantified in the mentioned samples, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of compounds in the green mature fruit (79.2 %), immature fruit (78.4 %), ripened fruit (75.2 %) and flower (44.0 %). The antibacterial activity of the oils was evaluated by the disk diffusion method using M?ller-Hinton agar and determination of inhibition zones. The results of the bioassays showed some variations between the three tested oils in their inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria at a 10 ?l disc-1 concentration. The oils from mature and ripened fruit exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.90 mg ml-1 in mature and ripen fruits.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Benson Boua Boua ◽  
◽  
Yacouba Koné ◽  
Lanciné Traoré ◽  
N’Guessan Ambroise Malan ◽  
...  

The phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Diphasia klaineana at different developmental stages (pre-flowering and fruit set) were reported. The essential oils were extracted by continuous hydro distillation and their antibacterial activities were tested against Staphyloccocus aureus ATCC 25923. The yield of oil (w/w %) of stems in different stages was in the order: pre-flowering (0.21 %) > fruit set (0.07 %). GC and GC/MS were analyzed the essential oils composition. In total, 35 and 34 constituents were identified and quantified in the mentioned samples, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of compounds in the stems during preflowering (42.40 %) and fruit set (56.15 %). Major compounds at pre-flowering were β-elemol, sabinene, guaiol and terpinen-4-ol. The antibacterial effect of essential oils was estimated by the disk diffusion method using Müller–Hinton agar and the measurement of diameters of inhibition zones. The bioassay results showed some variations between the two tested oils in their inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria at 10 µL. The essential oils from Diphasia klaineana stems at pre-flowering exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Staphyloccocus aureus ATCC 25923, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 25 mg/mL, while the stems essential oil at fruit set had no activity


2019 ◽  
pp. 2583-2589
Author(s):  
Sameer Abdulameer Alash ◽  
Maoj Qassim Mohammed

A total of nine swab samples were collected from inflamed teeth and gingiva of human’soral cavity from a dentist clinic in Baghdad. All specimens were cultured in Mitis Salivarius agar medium and the isolated bacterial pure colonies werethen identified by using VITEK2. Three samples were diagnosed and identified as Staphylococcus lentus. One of the three isolates which showed a distinctive heavy growth on the media was selected for further analysis in this study. Paper disk diffusion method was used to detect the antibacterial activityof three of mouthwash solutions (Zak, Colgate and Listerine). The results showed that “Colgate” was the most active solution with antibacterial activity compared with the other two solutions.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan da Silva Ramos ◽  
Alex Bruno Lobato Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Luzia Ferreira Farias ◽  
Ranggel Carvalho Simões ◽  
Mayara Tânia Pinheiro ◽  
...  

The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and the identification and quantification of components were achieved with the use of GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the method of sequestration of DPPH. Essential oils were used for study the cytotoxic front larvae ofArtemia salina. In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, we employed the disk-diffusion method. The potential larvicide in mosquito larvae of the third stage of development ofAedes aegyptito different concentrations of essential oils was evaluated. The major compounds found in the essential oils ofM. piperitawere linalool (51.8%) and epoxyocimene (19.3%). The percentage of antioxidant activity was79.9±1.6%. The essential oil showed LC50= 414.6 μg/mL front ofA. salineand is considered highly toxic. It shows sensitivity and halos significant inhibition againstE. coli. The essential possessed partial larvicidal efficiency againstA. aegypti.


Author(s):  
Alireza Daneshkazemi ◽  
Hengameh Zandi ◽  
Abdolrahim Davari ◽  
Mahmood Vakili ◽  
Majid Emtiazi ◽  
...  

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil obtained from oleo-gum-resin and seeds of Ferula assa-foetida. Materials and Methods: Ferula assa-foetida plants were collected from Tabas, Yazd Province, Iran, during summer 2017. Then, essential oils were obtained from its seeds and oleo-gum-resin using hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) test was performed to determine the contents of the essential oils. Four different concentrations of each oil were prepared (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/ml), and the antimicrobial activity of each dose against four oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS 17 software. Results: The GC-MS findings exhibited that the main compounds found in essential oils yielded from the seeds and oleo gum resin were (Z) -1-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide and (E) -1-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide. Ferula assa-foetida plant showed a significant antimicrobial effect (P<0.05). The essential oil from Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin had significantly stronger antibacterial properties compared to the essential oil from Ferula assa-foetida seeds (P<0.001). Both essential oils showed antibacterial properties similar to that of Chlorhexidine. The growth inhibition zone was significantly dependent on the essential oil concentration for all bacteria (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our study revealed that essential oils from seeds and oleo-gum-resin of Ferula assa-foetida have antimicrobial properties. More laboratory studies are required to reach a definitive conclusion.


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