The presence of pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae in cereals in Lithuania

Plant essential oils of six aromatic herb species and interspecies hybrids of the family Lamiaceae – chocolate mint (Mentha piperita × ‘Chocolate’), pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’), apple mint (Mentha × rotundifolia), spearmint (Mentha spicata), orange mint (Mentha × piperita ‘Granada’) and strawberry mint (Mentha × villosa ‘Strawberry’) – were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on agar plates filled with the target organism. All essential oils screened exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina than streptomycin used as a standard in all tests. The antimicrobial effect of streptomycin and five mint oils was at the same level for P. syringae pv. syringae. There were no significant differences in the influence of the chocolate mint oil on the growth inhibition of all bacteria tested. Plant essential oils from pineapple mint, apple mint, spearmint and strawberry mint showed the weakest antimicrobial activity against P. syringae pv. syringae and the strongest towards A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina. The essential oils from strawberry mint, pineapple mint, spearmint and apple mint had the strongest effect on A. tumefaciens, and the lowest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the chocolate mint and orange mint essential oils. X. arboricola pv. corylina was the most sensitive to the strawberry mint, pineapple mint and spearmint oils. The chocolate mint oil showed the greatest activity against P. syringae pv. syringae.

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In VitroActivity of Glucosinolates and Their Degradation Products against Brassica-Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03142-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 432-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

T. Sotelo ◽

M. Lema ◽

P. Soengas ◽

M. E. Cartea ◽

P. Velasco

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Soil Pathogens ◽

Content Type ◽

Positive Effects

ABSTRACTGlucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites found inBrassicavegetables that confer on them resistance against pests and diseases. Both GSLs and glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs) have shown positive effects in reducing soil pathogens. Information about theirin vitrobiocide effects is scarce, but previous studies have shown sinigrin GSLs and their associated allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to be soil biocides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocide effects of 17 GSLs and GHPs and of leaf methanolic extracts of different GSL-enrichedBrassicacrops on suppressingin vitrogrowth of two bacterial (Xanthomonas campestrispv. campestris andPseudomonas syringaepv. maculicola) and two fungal (AlternariabrassicaeandSclerotiniascletoriorum)Brassicapathogens. GSLs, GHPs, and methanolic leaf extracts inhibited the development of the pathogens tested compared to the control, and the effect was dose dependent. Furthermore, the biocide effects of the different compounds studied were dependent on the species and race of the pathogen. These results indicate that GSLs and their GHPs, as well as extracts of differentBrassicaspecies, have potential to inhibit pathogen growth and offer new opportunities to study the use ofBrassicacrops in biofumigation for the control of multiple diseases.

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Prediction and Activity of a Cationic α-Helix Antimicrobial Peptide ZM-804 from Maize

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2643

Author(s):

Mohamed F. Hassan ◽

Abdelrahman M. Qutb ◽

Wubei Dong

Keyword(s):

Cdna Library ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Inbred Line ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

In Planta ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules consisting of less than fifty residues of amino acids. Plant AMPs establish the first barrier of defense in the innate immune system in response to invading pathogens. The purpose of this study was to isolate new AMPs from the Zea mays L. inbred line B73 and investigate their antimicrobial activities and mechanisms against certain essential plant pathogenic bacteria. In silico, the Collection of Anti-Microbial Peptides (CAMPR3), a computational AMP prediction server, was used to screen a cDNA library for AMPs. A ZM-804 peptide, isolated from the Z. mays L. inbred line B73 cDNA library, was predicted as a new cationic AMP with high prediction values. ZM-804 was tested against eleven pathogens of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and exhibited high antimicrobial activities as determined by the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). A confocal laser scanning microscope observation showed that the ZM-804 AMP targets bacterial cell membranes. SEM and TEM images revealed the disruption and damage of the cell membrane morphology of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 caused by ZM-804. In planta, ZM-804 demonstrated antimicrobial activity and prevented the infection of tomato plants by Pst DC3000. Moreover, four virulent phytopathogenic bacteria were prevented from inducing hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves in response to low ZM-804 concentrations. ZM-804 exhibits low hemolytic activity against mouse red blood cells (RBCs) and is relatively safe for mammalian cells. In conclusion, the ZM-804 peptide has a strong antibacterial activity and provides an alternative tool for plant disease control. Additionally, the ZM-804 peptide is considered a promising candidate for human and animal drug development.

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A Synergic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1461

Author(s):

Nuno Mariz-Ponte ◽

Laura Regalado ◽

Emil Gimranov ◽

Natália Tassi ◽

Luísa Moura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Bacterial Canker ◽

Membrane Permeation ◽

Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽

Pathogenic Agent ◽

Peptide Mixtures

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the pathogenic agent responsible for the bacterial canker of kiwifruit (BCK) leading to major losses in kiwifruit productions. No effective treatments and measures have yet been found to control this disease. Despite antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) having been successfully used for the control of several pathogenic bacteria, few studies have focused on the use of AMPs against Psa. In this study, the potential of six AMPs (BP100, RW-BP100, CA-M, 3.1, D4E1, and Dhvar-5) to control Psa was investigated. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined and membrane damaging capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Among the tested AMPs, the higher inhibitory and bactericidal capacity was observed for BP100 and CA-M with MIC of 3.4 and 3.4–6.2 µM, respectively and MBC 3.4–10 µM for both. Flow cytometry assays suggested a faster membrane permeation for peptide 3.1, in comparison with the other AMPs studied. Peptide mixtures were also tested, disclosing the high efficiency of BP100:3.1 at low concentration to reduce Psa viability. These results highlight the potential interest of AMP mixtures against Psa, and 3.1 as an antimicrobial molecule that can improve other treatments in synergic action.

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BAK1 Is Not a Target of the Pseudomonas syringae Effector AvrPto

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-04-10-0096 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 100-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Tingting Xiang ◽

Na Zong ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Jinfeng Chen ◽

Mingsheng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Effector Proteins ◽

Receptor Like Kinase ◽

Receptor Kinases ◽

New Evidence

Plant cell surface-localized receptor kinases such as FLS2, EFR, and CERK1 play a crucial role in detecting invading pathogenic bacteria. Upon stimulation by bacterium-derived ligands, FLS2 and EFR interact with BAK1, a receptor-like kinase, to activate immune responses. A number of Pseudomonas syringae effector proteins are known to block immune responses mediated by these receptors. Previous reports suggested that both FLS2 and BAK1 could be targeted by the P. syringae effector AvrPto to inhibit plant defenses. Here, we provide new evidence further supporting that FLS2 but not BAK1 is targeted by AvrPto in plants. The AvrPto-FLS2 interaction prevented the phosphorylation of BIK1, a downstream component of the FLS2 pathway.

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Discovery and Characterization of Low-Molecular Weight Inhibitors of Erwinia tracheiphila

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-11-19-0440-r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (5) ◽

pp. 989-998

Author(s):

Cláudio M. Vrisman ◽

Loïc Deblais ◽

Yosra A. Helmy ◽

Reed Johnson ◽

Gireesh Rajashekara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

High Throughput Screening ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Erwinia Tracheiphila ◽

Static Activity ◽

Low Toxicity

Plant pathogenic bacteria in the genus Erwinia cause economically important diseases, including bacterial wilt of cucurbits caused by Erwinia tracheiphila. Conventional bactericides are insufficient to control this disease. Using high-throughput screening, 464 small molecules (SMs) with either cidal or static activity at 100 µM against a cucumber strain of E. tracheiphila were identified. Among them, 20 SMs (SM1 to SM20), composed of nine distinct chemical moiety structures, were cidal to multiple E. tracheiphila strains at 100 µM. These lead SMs had low toxicity to human cells and honey bees at 100 µM. No phytotoxicity was observed on melon plants at 100 µM, except when SM12 was either mixed with Silwet L-77 and foliar sprayed or when delivered through the roots. Lead SMs did not inhibit the growth of beneficial Pseudomonas and Enterobacter species but inhibited the growth of Bacillus species. Nineteen SMs were cidal to Xanthomonas cucurbitae and showed >50% growth inhibition against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. In addition, 19 SMs were cidal or static against Erwinia amylovora in vitro. Five SMs demonstrated potential to suppress E. tracheiphila when foliar sprayed on melon plants at 2× the minimum bactericidal concentration. Thirteen SMs reduced Et load in melon plants when delivered via roots. Temperature and light did not affect the activity of SMs. In vitro cidal activity was observed after 3 to 10 h of exposure to these five SMs. Here, we report 19 SMs that provide chemical scaffolds for future development of bactericides against plant pathogenic bacterial species.

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The hrp-Encoded Protein Export Systems of Pseudomonas syringae and Other Plant Pathogenic Bacteria and Their Role in Pathogenicity

Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-6019-7_7 ◽

1997 ◽

pp. 145-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Steven W. Hutcheson

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Protein Export ◽

Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

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Apis andreniformis associated Actinomycetes show antimicrobial activity against black rot pathogen (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12097

Author(s):

Yaowanoot Promnuan ◽

Saran Promsai ◽

Wasu Pathom-aree ◽

Sujinan Meelai

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Apis Andreniformis

This study aimed to investigate cultivable actinomycetes associated with rare honey bee species in Thailand and their antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic bacteria. Actinomycetes were selectively isolated from the black dwarf honey bee (Apis andreniformis). A total of 64 actinomycete isolates were obtained with Streptomyces as the predominant genus (84.4%) followed by Micromonospora (7.8%), Nonomuraea (4.7%) and Actinomadura (3.1%). All isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesame. Three isolates inhibited the growth of X. campestris pv. campestris during in vitro screening. The crude extracts of two isolates (ASC3-2 and ASC5-7P) had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 128 mg L−1against X. campestris pv. campestris. For isolate ACZ2-27, its crude extract showed stronger inhibitory effect with a lower MIC value of 64 mg L−1 against X. campestris pv. campestris. These three active isolates were identified as members of the genus Streptomyces based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the maximum likelihood algorithm showed that isolate ACZ2-27, ASC3-2 and ASC5-7P were closely related to Streptomyces misionensis NBRC 13063T (99.71%), Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi NBRC 12748T (100%) and Streptomyces puniceus NBRC 12811T (100%), respectively. In addition, representative isolates from non-Streptomyces groups were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. High similarities were found with members of the genera Actinomadura, Micromonospora and Nonomuraea. Our study provides evidence of actinomycetes associated with the black dwarf honey bee including members of rare genera. Antimicrobial potential of these insect associated Streptomyces was also demonstrated especially the antibacterial activity against phytopathogenic bacteria.

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EFFICACY OF BIOCHEMICAL PREPARATIONS AND EXTRACT FROM Hypericum perforatum AGAINST BACTERIAL DISEASES

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.3.14 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Małgorzata Schollenberger ◽

Sylwia Pudło ◽

Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽

Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz

Keyword(s):

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Hypericum Perforatum ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Nutrient Agar ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Nutrient Agar Medium

The biotechnical preparations: Biosept Active (based on a grapefruit extract) and BioZell (based on thyme oil) as well as Hypericum perforatum extract, streptomycin solution and fungicide Champion 50WP (active ingredient substance – e.i. 50% copper hydroxide) were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas ar- boricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on three media: Nutrient Agar (NA Difco), Pseudomonas Agar F (Merck) – analogue of King B and 523. In the experiments, the agar plate method was applied. There were no statistically significant differences in the effect of streptomycin and Champion 50WP on the growth inhibition of three bacteria strains for medium 523 and Nutrient Agar and of P. syringae pv. syringae and X. arboricola pv. corylina for medium King B. It was determined that the antibacterial activity of Biosept Active and BioZell biopreparations and H. perforatum extract against Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58), Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (strain 760) and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina (strain RIPF-x13) were dependent on the strain of pathogen as well as the growth medium used. According to the research results obtained, the Biosept Active preparation and H. perforatum extract demonstrated high bacteriostatic activity against three bacterial strains grown on the Nutrient Agar medium.

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Identification of Novel Type III Secretion Effectors in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-22-1-0096 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 96-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Ayako Furutani ◽

Minako Takaoka ◽

Harumi Sanada ◽

Yukari Noguchi ◽

Takashi Oku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Type Iii Secretion ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Regulatory Protein ◽

Effector Proteins ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Type Iii ◽

Genes Encoding

Many gram-negative bacteria secrete so-called effector proteins via a type III secretion (T3S) system. Through genome screening for genes encoding potential T3S effectors, 60 candidates were selected from rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae MAFF311018 using these criteria: i) homologs of known T3S effectors in plant-pathogenic bacteria, ii) genes with expression regulated by hrp regulatory protein HrpX, or iii) proteins with N-terminal amino acid patterns associated with T3S substrates of Pseudomonas syringae. Of effector candidates tested with the Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter for translocation into plant cells, 16 proteins were translocated in a T3S system-dependent manner. Of these 16 proteins, nine were homologs of known effectors in other plant-pathogenic bacteria and seven were not. Most of the effectors were widely conserved in Xanthomonas spp.; however, some were specific to X. oryzae. Interestingly, all these effectors were expressed in an HrpX-dependent manner, suggesting coregulation of effectors and the T3S system. In X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, HpaB and HpaC (HpaP in X. oryzae pv. oryzae) have a central role in recruiting T3S substrates to the secretion apparatus. Secretion of all but one effector was reduced in both HpaB– and HpaP– mutant strains, indicating that HpaB and HpaP are widely involved in efficient secretion of the effectors.

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