scholarly journals Changes of Physicochemical composition of Moroccan bovine’s milk along the years

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Marouane Chrif ◽  
Abderrahim El hourch ◽  
Selma Chouni ◽  
Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽  
Abdallah El abidi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fresh Mixture ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Main Factors

Milk production in Morocco has increased in recent years to meet local demand. For this reason, this work was carried out in order to study the evolution of the main factors of physicochemical variation of fresh mixture milk of the cow harvested in Moroccan farms and cooperatives, by comparing them with the results of research carried out in Morocco during the last century. 52 samples were taken to represent the different periods of the year. The results showed that the physicochemical properties studied were not significantly improved over the years. Thus, the protein content (3.05%) decreased concerning the fat content (3.57%) in recent decades. This change is mainly related to lactation, cow diet and climate change. Overall, these results could help further studies aimed at controlling the physicochemical properties of milk, taking into account the factors mentioned.

scholarly journals Joint effects of CSN3 and LGB genotypes and their relation to breeding values of milk production parameters in Czech Fleckvieh

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Matějíček ◽  
J. Matějíčková ◽  
E. Němcová ◽  
O.M. Jandurová ◽  
M. Štípková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Genotype Combination ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin

The objective of this study was to estimate the joint effects of <i>CSN3</i> and <i>LGB</i> genotypes on breeding values of milk production parameters. <i>CSN3</i> (kappa-casein) and <i>LGB</i> (beta-lactoglobulin) genotypes of 120 Czech Fleckvieh sires were detected using the PCR-RFLP method. Breeding values of sires were obtained from the Official Database of Progeny Testing. Ten genotype combinations were detected. Genotypes <i>ABAB</i> (25.0%), <i>ABAA</i> (13.3%) and <i>ABBB</i> (13.3%) were the most frequent. Significant effects of genotype combinations on breeding values for fat and protein content were found. The highest breeding values for milk (+621 kg) and protein (+15.8 kg) yields were associated with genotype combination <i>ABAA</i>, while the highest breeding values for content parameters (+0.15% for protein content and +0.55% for fat content) were associated with genotype combination <i>BBAB</i>.

DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY SAANEN GOATS OF SELECTION OF LATVIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
K. O. Skoryk
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Significant Coefficient

The aim of the work was to study the basic productive traits of Saanen goats of Latvian selection in the order of their selection value: milk yield, fat and protein content in milk. These traits were investigated in the daughters from different goats-fathers. Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted at "Grandmother’s Goats" breeding farm, Galaiky village, Tetiiv district, Kyiv region on Saanen goats of Latvian selection. From mid-spring to mid-autumn the goats grazed and were kept in a corral. In winter, the goats were indoors on deep litter. Milking was twice a day into milk pipeline, it took place in the milking room with 12 seats. The farm is provided enough by coarse, succulent and concentrate feeds. It is considered that the winter diet of dairy goats is hay, twigs, concentrate feed, root vegetables, and mineral supplements. The primary livestock data of milk production in 41 goats for seven lactations were considered. The basic selection traits were studied in the order of their breeding value: milk yield, fat and protein content in milk. The same traits were investigated in terms of fathers of milking goats. The obtained results were processed statistically by N. A. Plohinskiy (1970). Results of research. The research results show that milk yield of Saanen goats of Latvian selection varied depending on lactation. It was found that the milk production during the 1st lactation was 565 kg, fat content in milk – 3.2% and protein content – 3.0%. Milk yield per lactation tended to increase – from the 3rd to 6th lactation inclusively, as compared with the 1st and 7th. The maximum level of milk yield was during the 6th lactation. The differences in milk yield between the 6th and the 1st, 2nd, 5th and 7th lactations are significant with the second degree of reliability. Significant coefficient of variation for milk yield (20-35%) gives reason to consider it possible to conduct the selection by this trait. Several other data are presented by T. Orlovskaya. She considers that goats produce maximum milk yield on average after the 3rd parturition. Milking ability of goats after the 5th-6th lactation begins to fall gradually. She also thinks that biological value of milk is reduced with increase in milk yield, namely reduced fat content and, in some cases, changing the taste of milk. Subsequently, the fat content in milk during the 2nd-4th lactations increased by 0.1%, and during the 5th lactation it reached the maximum level – 3.6%. The protein content in the investigated goat milk was small and ranged from 3 to 3.1%. Differences in fat and protein content during all the lactations were unreliable. Ratio of fat content to protein content in Saanen goats’ milk was studied for seven lactations. It was found that the ratio of fat to milk for all the seven lactations did not reach the optimal levels. This is lack of milk quality of the investigated goats. Milk yield, fat and protein content in milk of daughters of four Saanen billy goats were investigated to determine the influence of fathers on the daughters’ productivity. Analysis of milk productivity data for daughters of goats Amors 046062340091, Wicks 030810040238, Priers 0460623640427 and Frends 038028540074 showed that the highest milk yield was in daughters of Amors 046062340091 – 622 kg. Several less milk yield (590 kg) was in the daughters of Frends 038028540074, and the lowest milk yields were observed in daughters of Wicks 030810040238 and Priers 0460623640427. Thus, daughters’ milk yields depend essentially on fathers. At the same time the fat and protein content in the milk of daughters from different fathers is almost identical. This should be taken into account at matching billy goats for breeding stock of goats. In our research of milk yield of daughters from different billy goats there was a significant difference, but protein and fat content in daughters’ milk almost was no different. Thus, the findings don’t always coincide with the data given in the literature. This concerns with the milk production of Saanen goats and its quality (fat and protein content). Earlier, we have shown that Saanen goats’ milk had a little lower density than in Lamancha, Russian, Nubian, Alpine and Megrelian goats. Protein content was at level of 3.85%, or 1.4% greater than in Russian goats’ milk, but 0.15% less than in Lamancha, 1.23% less than in Nubian, 0.4% – in Alpine, and 1.65% ­– in Megrelian goats’ milk. The fat content in goat milk of the compared breeds was also the lowest (by 1.85% than in Lamancha, by 0.79% than in Russian, by 0.97% than in Nubian, by 0.57% than in Alpine and 1.12% than in Megrelian breeds). Also, content of dry milk residue was low (0.67-1.48% less). Despite these differences in milk yield of goats, research in this area should be expanded in order to determine the prospects for further goat breeding of certain breeds. Conclusions. Milk yield per lactation tended to increase – from the 3rd to 6th lactation inclusively, as compared with the 1st and 7th. The maximum level of milk yield was during the 6th lactation. Significant coefficient of variation for milk yield (20-35%) gives reason to consider it possible to conduct the selection by this trait. The differences in the level of milk production of daughters from different goats were revealed that should be taken into account at matching billy goats for breeding stock. In Ukraine goats’ milk yield of different breeds requires further study.

scholarly journals Quality of Gelatin Processed from Chicken Legs (Tarsometa tarsus) Skin with Different Method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Kumala Sari ◽  
Henny Nuraini ◽  
Tuti Suryati
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
B Value ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Skin Sample ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Chicken Legs

This study aimed to utilize chicken legs skin (Tarsometa tarsus) to produce fine quality and physicochemical properties of gelatin derived from halal ingredients by using different degreasing methods of processing. Methods used in gelatin production were: 1) skin sample is not soaked in NaOH 0.05 M and liquid gelatin is centrifuged for 15 min with 3500 rpm (WONS); 2) skin sample is not soaked in NaOH 0.05 M and liquid gelatin is centrifuged for 15 min with 3500 rpm and then ethanol is added (1:1) (WONSE); 3) skin sample is not soaked in NaOH 0.05 M ethanol is added to liquid gelatin (1:1) (WONE); 4) skin is soaked in NaOH 0.05 M and liquid gelatin is centrifuged for 15 min with 3500 rpm (WNS); 5) skin is soaked in NaOH 0.05 M and liquid gelatin is centrifuged for 15 min and then ethanol is added to it (1:1) (WNSE); 6) skin is soaked in NaOH 0.05 M and ethanol is added to liquid gelatin (1:1)(WNE).Results showed that the different methods significantly affected (p&lt;0.05) yield, pH, viscosity, intensity of yellow (b value), protein and fat contents. WONS method produced the highest viscosity (p&lt;0.05) and protein content (p&lt;0.05), as well as the lowest fat content (p&lt;0.05) with no differences for other characteristics with other treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that methods where the skin has not been soaked in NaOH 0.05M and liquid gelatin has been centrifuged are the best ones to produce fine quality gelatin from chicken legs skin.

scholarly journals Identification of the association between <i>FABP4</i> gene polymorphisms and milk production traits in Sfakia sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel H. M. Ibrahim ◽  
Nikolaos Tzanidakis ◽  
Smaragda Sotiraki ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Jonathan G. H. Hickford
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism

Abstract. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of variation in the fatty acid binding protein 4 gene (FABP4) on milk production traits in Greek Sfakia sheep. Polymerase chain reaction – single-stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to genotype a total of 374 Sfakia ewes for two regions of FABP4 located around exon 2–intron 2 (Region 1) and exon 3–intron 3 (Region 2). Each month, for a period of 6 months, milk samples were collected from the ewes to measure total milk yield, fat content, protein content, lactose content, non-fat solid content, pH, and somatic cell count (SCC). A general linear model was used to test the association between the variation observed in FABP4 and milk production traits. Four gene variants (A1–A4) were found in Region 1 and two variants (C1–C2) were found in Region 2. In the first region, the FABP4 genotype significantly affected (P<0.05) non-fat solid levels, fat content, and SCC. The presence of the A2 variant was significantly associated (P<0.05) with decreased SCC, while the presence of A4 was significantly associated with decreased milk yield (P<0.01), increased non-fat solid content (P<0.05), decreased fat content (P<0.01), increased lactose content (P<0.05), and increased pH (P<0.05). In the second region, FABP4 genotype had an effect (P<0.05) on protein content and the presence of the C2 variant was associated (P<0.05) with increased protein content, decreased SCC, and lower pH. The results suggest an association between variation in ovine FABP4 and milk production traits in Greek Sfakia sheep. Nevertheless, further analyses in independent sheep populations of increased size will strengthen these findings.

scholarly journals Effects of rations and seasons on milk yield and composition in small and medium dairy farms from a Tunisian northern area (Bizerte Region)

Mljekarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Khaoula Attia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Area ◽  
Autumn And Winter

In Tunisia, dairy farming faced several problems limiting the improvement of the milk sector, mostly at the level of small farmers. These difficulties are related to the milk quality affected by the feed quality distributed throughout the year. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rations and seasons on daily individual milk production (DIMP) and some physicochemical characteristics (Fat content: FC, Protein content: PC, Urea concentration: UC, Total Solids: TS). A survey and milk samplings were performed on 135 farmers. Collected data were treated by the variance analysis using the GLM procedure of the SAS system. This study allowed to identify four types of ration: TR1: Concentrate (CC)+Green Forage(GF), TR2: CC+Dry Forage (DF), TR3: CC+GF+DF and TR4: Diet containing Silage (S), used by farmers with the frequencies of 14.82, 37.19, 44.6 and 3.38 % respectively. The highest DIMP (P<0.0001) was obtained by TR1 (17.3 kg/day) and the lowest (13.6 kg/day) by TR2. TR4 allowed FC, PC (P<0.05) and TS (P<0.01) higher (3.84, 3.14 and 12.31 % respectively) than those obtained in the other rations. The UC (P<0.0001) was the highest in TR1 and TR3 (32.05 mg/dL) followed by TR4 (28.3 mg/dL) and TR2 (26.2 mg/dL). Concerning the season effect, the highest DIMP (P<0.0001) was obtained during spring (17.7 kg/day), the lowest was during autumn (13.1 kg/day). The FC (P<0.05) was the lowest in winter (3.52 %). The PC (P<0.01) was higher during autumn and winter (averaged 3.07 %). The UC (P<0.0001) was the highest in spring (32.23 mg/dL) and the lowest in autumn (25.67 mg/dL). It was concluded that milk parameters were in the acceptable ranges comparatively to the national averages.

scholarly journals The relationship between the level of inbreeding and milk production of cows in the first lactation period

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Jiří Bezdíček ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Radek Filipčík
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the present study was to explore the effect of the level of inbreeding on milk efficiency of cows and on the content of milk components (fat and protein) in the 1st standard lactation period (305 days). The level of inbreeding (Fx) of inbred cows ranged between 1.25 and 12.5%. Efficiency parame- ters of inbred cows were compared with their contemporaries – half-sisters after the father (n=2567), raised on the same farm whose first lactation ended in same year. Out of the total database (567,036 cows) created in 1980–2002 we incorporated 885 inbred cows. To allow detailed analyses the inbred cows were divided into 3 groups according to the coefficient Fx (1.5–2.3%, 3.0–5.0% and 8.0–12.5%). The database was evaluated using the analysis of variance with 8 fixed effects including the commercial type, own breeding value and breeding value of mother, average efficiency of mother, reproduction parameters (year and age at calving and interval between the 1st and 2nd lactation) and total number of lactations. The statistical programme SAS 8.2 – GLM procedure (Copyright c 1999–2001 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used for statistical analyses. Compared to their contemporaries the 323 kg reduction of milk production of inbred cows with the lowest value of Fx (1.5–2.3%) was insignificant; the decrease in the relative content of fat and protein was insignificant by 0.01 and 0.02%, respectively. Comparisons between contemporaries and inbred cows with Fx at the level of 3.0–5.0% showed a highly significant 407 kg reduction in milk efficiency. The fat content in milk of inbred cows increased by 0.11% (p<0.01) and the protein content by 0.03% (p<0.05) compared to their contemporaries. The reduction in milk production of inbred cows with the highest level of Fx (8.0–12.5%) was significant, i.e. –572 kg; the fat content increased insignificantly by 0.02%, while the protein content was the same in inbred cows and contemporaries. Comparisons of the milk production of inbred cows at various levels of Fx, taking into consideration the fixed effects, showed that the differences were most marked between groups Fx=1.5–2.3% and Fx=8.0–12.5%; the reduction in milk efficiency was –731 kg. A Fx coefficient higher by 1% reduced the milk efficiency of cows by 90.07 kg, while the fat and protein content increased by 0.001% and 0.002%, respectively.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF ANIMALS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS OF CATTLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
N. P. Babik ◽  
R. S. Oseredchuk
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Western Ukraine

Increasing the number and improving the quality of milk and meat are the main goal and main focus of cattle breeding. The purpose of our research was to study milk and meat productivity of animals of different breeds which are bred in Western Ukraine. The researches were conducted at eight farms in Western Ukraine with cows and bulls of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy, Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy Red, Ayrshire, Red Polish, Simmental, Carpathian Brown, Limousin and Volyn Beef breeds. Evaluation of milk production of cows of dairy and dual-purpose breeds (yield, fat content in milk, the amount of milk fat) was carried out according to the data of zootechnical accounting (during the past 20 years) for the I, II, III, IV, V and the best lactation. The chemical composition of milk was determined in 2-3 months of lactation period in cows of full-age (the III lactation) for each breed using milk analyzer "EKOMILK TOTAL". Researches of meat quality were conducted based on a control slaughter of 3 bulls at the age of 15 months for each breed. Live weight before slaughter was determined after a 24-hour hunger exposure. Weight of pair carcasses, internal fat weight, slaughter weight, carcass yield, the output of internal fat, and slaughter output were determined after slaughter by G. T. Shkuryn method. Weights of flesh, bones and tendons were determined in the semi-carcasses. Ratio of meatiness, calculated as the ratio of flesh to bones and tendons, and muscle-bone ratio, calculated by dividing flesh weight to weight of bones, were determined to assess meat quality. Average sample of mincemeat from three ribs cuts was selected for the chemical analysis. The samples were tested on contents of moisture, dry matter and ash by conventional techniques, of protein content – by Kjeldahl method, fat content – by Soxhlet method. The results of the researches were processed by method of variational statistics using Microsoft Excel and "Statistica 6.1" by N. A. Plohynskiy. It was established that cows of the studied breeds differed in terms of milk production; it is primarily due to the fact that some of them belong to the specialized breeds, others – to local (less productive). However, all of them by milk yield, fat content in milk and the butterfat number prevailed relevant standards of these breeds (exception – fat content in milk during the first lactation of the Ayrshire cows). Highest milk yield was observed during the third lactation at the most animals of the studied breeds and only for Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Simmental breeds – during the fourth lactation. Milk yield of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle, depending on lactation was within 3970.9-4537.9 kg, fat content in milk – within 3.67-3.71% and the number of milk fat – within 149.5 -168.0 kg; Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy – in accordance within 3503.0-4471.8; 3.76-3.78 and 132.4-168.6; Red Polish – within 2838.4-3698.4; 3.70-3.73 and 107.9-138.6; Ayrshire – within 4034.3-4337.0; 4.0-4.12 and 165.4-181.7; Simmental – within 3026.4-3810.2; 3.76-3.81 and 113.6-145.0 and Carpathian Brown breed – within 2700.5-3384.4 kg; 3.69-3.85% and 99.8-125.9 kg. The results of the control slaughter indicated that the bulls of the studied breeds differed in slaughter qualities and morphological composition of carcasses. The Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy bulls among dairy breeds were characterized by the highest slaughter output (55.2%) and carcass yield (56.7%), the Simmental bulls (58.1 and 59.7% respectively) – among the dual-purpose breeds, and the Limousins (63.2 and 61.4%) – among the beef breeds. The highest percentage of flesh was observed at the semi-carcasses of these animals. Higher contents of protein and fat in meat of the Polish Red bulls were observed among the dairy breeds and in meat of the Simmentals – among the dual-purpose ones. Higher protein content was in meat of the Limousins among the beef breeds and fat content – at the animals of Volyn Beef breed. Ratio of meatiness at the animals of the dairy breeds was within 3.18-3.27, muscle-bone ratio – within 3.83-4.00, these figures were 3,38-3,51 and 4,15-4,33 respectively at the bulls of the dual-purpose breeds, and for the beef breeds – 6,42-6,78 and 6,26-6,59.

Productive qualities of the red-mottled birds of the simmental breeds during the period of discovery and the interconnection of their breeding characters under the conditions of the Zabaikalsky region

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
G. M. Shkuratova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Better Than

The results of the study of milk production and morphophysiological properties of the uterus of heifers of the red-and-white breed for 100 days of lactation in comparison with the heifers of the Simmental breed are presented. For 100 days of lactation from heifers of the red-motley breed, 2096 kg of milk each were obtained, with a fat content of 3,9 and a protein of 2,9%, from simmental fat, respectively, 1363,2 kg, with a fat content of 3,7 milk and protein of 2,9% First heifers of the red-motley breed exceeded their peers in milk production by 732,8 kg (34,9%) with a highly reliable statistical difference (B3 ≥ 0.999). Reliability (td=1,6) at zero threshold (Bo> 0,90) was also noted for fat content in milk. The protein content in milk in first-calf cows of both groups was at the same level – 2,9%. It has been established that the morphological features and functional properties of the udder are fairly consistently inherited by the offspring. Therefore, by selection and selection, it is possible to obtain animals with bath-like and cup-shaped forms of the udder, uniform development of quarters, with full milk yield. The shape of the udder is one of the main breeding traits characterizing the suitability of cows for machine milking, which is most closely associated with productivity. In our studies, all the first heifers of the red-and-white breed had a bath-like and cup-shaped udder (65 and 35%). Simmental first heifers were inferior, in them 78% of the animals had a bath-like and bowl shape and 22% were round. When measuring the udder, it was established that the first-hens of the red-and-white breed had a wider, deeper udder with a large girth. Their udder was longer than that of the Simmental ones, by 1,4 cm, wider by 1,5, deeper by 1,7, and more by girth by 3,6 cm. The functional properties of the udder of heifers of the red-and-white breed were significantly better than those of the Simmental. One-time milk yield from them was higher by 5,7 kg and amounted to 10,8 milk. The lactation rate was also higher in the red-and-white first-calfs, and it was 1,794 kg / min. In the red-and-white heifers, a high positive correlation was observed between the milk yield and body weight – 0,76, among the Simmental ones – 0,22, and between the milk yield and the fat and protein content in milk, the negative correlation in both groups of animals. For measurements of the udder (length, width, and girth) and milk yield for 100 days of lactation, a positive correlation was found for both red-and-white and simmental healers.

Effects of calcium soaps and rumen undegradable protein on the milk production and composition of dairy ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMON CASALS ◽  
GERARDO CAJA ◽  
XAVIER SUCH ◽  
CELINA TORRE ◽  
SERGIO CALSAMIGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein

Forty-eight Manchega dairy ewes were used during a complete lactation in a 2×2 factorial design to determine the effects of supplementing diets with fat (calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids, CSFA) and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on milk production and composition. Factors tested were amounts of CSFA (0 or 200 g/kg) and RUP (300 or 450 g/kg crude protein) in the concentrate. RUP was altered by adding a mixture of maize gluten meal and blood meal. Lactation was divided into one nursing period (period 1, weeks 1–4), and three milking periods (periods 2–4, weeks 5–8, 9–14 and 15–21). Concentrates were given at 0–8 kg/d during periods 1 and 2, and at 0–6 kg/d in periods 3 and 4. Ewes grazed rotationally in an Italian rye-grass pasture and received a daily supplement of 0·8 kg vetch–oat hay during period 1, and 0·3 kg lucerne hay during periods 2–4. For the whole lactation, supplemental fat markedly increased milk fat content (+23%) and yield (+16%), and decreased milk protein content (−9%). The positive effect of feeding CSFA on milk fat content was more evident at the beginning of lactation; however, its negative effect on milk protein was more pronounced in late lactation. Supplementary RUP had little effect, increasing milk protein content only in period 3, when the crude protein content of pasture was lower. Milk yield and lamb growth were not affected by dietary treatments. The results indicated that CSFA can be useful for increasing the milk fat content of dairy ewes at pasture, which may help farmers to produce milk reaching the minimum requirements of fat content for the cheese industry.

ANALISIS FISIKA KIMIA DARI KERANG DARA (Anadara granosa) YANG BERASAL DARI KAYUTANYO KAB. BANGGAI The Analysis of physical chemical from dara shells (Anadara granosa) origin from Kayutanyo, Kab.Banggai

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SULASMI ANGGO
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Dust Content ◽  
Total Dust ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Anadara Granosa

The Analysis of physical chemical from dara shells (Anadara granosa) origin from Kayutanyo, kab. Banggai, has been conducted.Dara shell meat is sleaned and dried and after that powered with blender. Determine % rendement, water bonding capacity and index water solubility with Anderson method, coarse fat content with gravimetric method and carbohydrate method with “bye difference” decrease method.The result of analysis showed rendement value is 24,35%, water bonding capacity is 1,6248 gram/ml, index water solubility is 0,202 gram/ml, water content is 79,0045%, total dust content is 1,072%, coarse protein content is 2,25%, coarse fat content is 8,47%, carbohydrate content is 9,2035%. Keyword : Dara shells, (Anadara granosa), analysis physical chemical

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