Austerity and the Big Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-130
Author(s):  
Ian Cummins

This chapter will examine welfare and penal policy under the Coalition Government. The politics of austerity will be explored arguing that the Coalition used the cover of the financial crisis to undertake a fundamental retrenchment of the welfare state. This chapter will argue that Cameron’s notion of the Big Society should not be dismissed as a political gimmick or rhetoric. It reflects an aspiration for a recasting of the relationship between citizens and the social state. This recasting is presented as a fiscal necessity but is actually driven by a politics that is underpinned by the othering of the poor. Cameron and the Coalition’s claims to social liberalism followed a series of policies that shredded the social state.

2013 ◽  
pp. 91-120
Author(s):  
Edoardo Bressan

In Italy, from the 1930s until the end of the century, the relationship between the Catholic world and the development of the Social state becomes a very relevant theme. Social thought and Catholic historiography issues witness a European civilisation crisis, by highlighting problems of poverty and historical forms of assistance. Furthermore, by following the 1931 Pope Pius XI encyclical Quadragesimo anno these issues interacted with fascist corporativism. After 1945, other key experiences arose, as the discussion on social security as the conclusion of the whole public assistance debate shown. These themes are reported in the Bologna social week works in 1949 and in Fanfani's and La Pira's positions, which present several correspondences with British and French worlds, such as Christian socialism, Reinhold Niebuhr's thought and Maritain's remarks. The 1948 Republican Constitution adopts the Welfare State model assumptions, and it is in those very years that the problem of a system based on a universal outlook arose. Afterwards, governments of coalition led by centre and left-wing parties fostered social security through welfare and health reforms until the '80s. While this model falls into crisis, and new social actors begin to be involved in a context of subsidiarity.


Author(s):  
Brittany Pearl Battle

This chapter examines the sociocognitive dimensions of cultural categorizations of deservingness. The social issue of poverty has been a persistent source of debate in the American system of policy development, influenced by conceptual distinctions between the “haves” and “have-nots,” “working moms” and “unemployed dads,” and the “deserving poor” and the “undeserving poor.” Although there is a wealth of literature discussing the ideological underpinnings of stratification systems, these discussions often focus on categorical distinctions between the poor and the nonpoor, with much less discussion of distinctions made among the poor. Moreover, while scholars of culture and policy have long referenced the importance of cultural categories of worthiness in policy development, the theoretical significance of these distinctions has been largely understudied. I expand the discourse on the relationship between cultural representations of worth and social welfare policy by exploring how these categories are conceptualized. Drawing on analytical tools from a sociology of perception framework, I create a model that examines deservingness along continuums of morality and eligibility to highlight the taken-for-granted cultural subtleties that shape perceptions of the poor. I focus on social filters created by norms of poverty, welfare, and the family to explore how the deserving are differentiated from the undeserving.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victória Maria Américo de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre Ribas de Paulo

RESUMOO presente artigo propõe uma análise crítica acerca do cárcere e seus efeitos no tratamento estatal dado à população socialmente vulnerável, traçando uma relação entre o Estado Social e o Estado Penal. Questionando o interesse que norteia a (in)eficácia do sistema prisional e como ele se legitima socialmente através de um discurso político de segurança pública amparado pelo pânico propagado pelos meios de comunicação, pretende-se expor a seletividade tanto da normal penal quanto do sistema criminal, que, somadas, resultam na construção do perfil do delinquente e no encarceramento em massa dos pobres. A partir de uma exposição crítica, almeja-se fomentar o debate do papel da criminalização da pobreza na gestão das ilegalidades pelos interessados nos produtos do cárcere.PALAVRAS-CHAVEDireito Penal. Criminologia. Sistema Penal. Seletividade. Pobreza. ABSTRACTThis article proposes a critical analysis about the prison and its effects on the state treatment given to the socially vulnerable population, drawing a relationship between the Social State and the Criminal State. Questioning the interest that governs the (in) effectiveness of the prison system and how it legitimizes itself socially through a political discourse of public security supported by the panic propagated by the mass media, it is intended to expose the selectivity of both the normal criminal and the criminal system, which, together, result in the construction of the delinquent profile and the mass incarceration of the poor. From a critical exposition, it is hoped to foment the debate of the role of the criminalization of poverty in the management of illegalities by those interested in the products of prisonKEYWORDSCriminal law. Criminology. Penal system. Selectivity. Poverty.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Azwar Azwar Azwar ◽  
Emeraldy Chatra ◽  
Zuldesni Zuldesni

Poverty is one of the social problems that the government can never completely solve. As a result, other, more significant social issues arise and cause social vulnerability, such as conflict and crime. As a province that is experiencing rapid growth in the last ten years, the West Sumatra find difficulty to overcome the number of poor people in several districts and cities.  The research outcomes are the models and forms of social policy made by West Sumatra regencies and cities governments in improving the welfare of poor communities. It is also covering the constraints or obstacles to the implementation of social policy and the selection of welfare state models for the poor in some districts and municipalities of West Sumatra. This research is conducted qualitatively with a sociological approach that uses social perspective on searching and explaining social facts that happened to needy groups. Based on research conducted that the social policy model adopted by the government in responding to social problems in the districts and cities of West Sumatra reflects the welfare state model given to the poor. There is a strong relationship between the welfare state model and the form of social policy made by the government.


1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Ernesto Guerriero

SUMMARYObjective — Eighteen years after the 1978 reform law no. 180, psychiatric services have to find new roles and goals in the social arena, in order to continue to effectively pursue the improvement of mental health in the commi nity. The aim of the present paper is to show some theoretical and practical elements that could stimulate in the psychii trie services a deep consideration about the relationship between psychiatric services and «private social» bodies, part cularly social co-operatives and voluntary organisations. Method — The elements shown in this study come from an ani lysis: a) of the literature about the crisis factors of the Italian welfare state, particularly in the Public Health Service and i the social assistance; b) of the literature about the development of the «private social» and about the relationship with tl public services; c) of national and regional laws, particularly of Veneto region; d) of the present experiences in Sout Verona Psychiatric Service. Results — The crisis of the traditional welfare state, the emergence in large sectors of gener; population of needs related to social fragmentation and relational impoverishment, the aspiration of a great number (individuals excluded from society to benefit of the right to full citizenship, all this urgently questions the traditional roh and responsibilities, the organisation, operational modalities, and the community orientation of existing health and hi man services. Within this framework, the relationship between psychiatric services (or, broadly speaking, public serviet in general) and «private social» bodies, particularly social co-operatives and voluntary organisations, has become part of a foreseeing, strategic new awareness of mental health workers. Conclusion — A shift from a relationship of mutual exploitation between organisations, to one of co-operation between them, each considering the other as an equal partne may be a critical step forward a new model of welfare. This, in turn, would hopefully meet the needs for health of th population in terms of efficiency, quality, relevance and consideration of the users' resources and social competencies.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zainul Arifin ◽  
Muhammad Syahri Ramadhan ◽  
Happy Warsito ◽  
Ardian Nugraha

The process of implementing the concept of a welfare state by the Indonesian government towards its people is a problem of poverty. The number of needy people in Indonesia is enormous. This is what underlies poverty to be considered a serious problem so that the Indonesian government provides specific regulations related to poverty handling through the issuance of Law no. 13 of 2001 concerning Management of the Poor. In the South Sumatra region, particularly the city of Palembang itself, the problem of poverty is a big task that must be faced by regional officials and other related agencies. The Social Service of South Sumatra Province stated that Palembang City was the city with the highest number of poor people compared to other districts / cities in South Sumatra. This of course requires the right policies in handling it, one of which is through the issuance of the Regional Regulation of South Sumatra Province Number 7 of 2017 concerning poverty reduction in South Sumatra


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Albina A. Stepanova ◽  

The article is devoted to the issues of defining Russia as a social state. The author reflects on the constitutional amendments, which are designed to ensure the implementation of the basis of the constitutional order of the social state. The article also indicates that some constitutional amendments are deeper in scope and content than previous rules. Thus, the principle of mutual trust between the state and society can act as a fundamental basis for other principles, in particular, for the principle of social solidarity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rafael Luciani

Resumen: La Evangelii Gaudium y los discursos ofrecidos durante los viajes apostólicos a Latinoamérica han dejado clara la opción teológico-pastoral del Papa Francisco, cuyo eje se encuentra en torno a la opción preferencial por «una Iglesia pobre que asuma al pueblo-pobre» y, desde ahí, se deje evangelizar reconociendo el lugar teológico que tiene la cultura popular como mediación socioanalítica y de encuentro con el Dios de Jesús. Para comprender esto hay que adentrarse en el debate sociohistórico de la teología latinoamericana de la liberación y en el modo como esta fue recibida en Argentina por medio de la teología del pueblo. Así también, es necesario seguir los debates sobre la relación que ha de existir entre el anuncio del Evangelio, la vida de la Iglesia y la realidad de los pobres, según han sido expuestos desde Medellín hasta Aparecida. En el presente artículo iremos desarrollando estos ejes fundamentales en los que se inspira la opción teológico-pastoral del Papa Francisco y las consecuencias para la credibilidad de la comunidad cristiana en la era globalizada.Abstract: The Evangelii Gaudium and the speeches offered during the Papal Apostolic Journeys to Latin America made more clear the theological and pastoral option of Pope Francis, whose axis is around a preferential option for «a poor Church that assumes the poor-people». A Church that recognizes the theological locus of the popular culture, as a socio-analytic mediation to encounter the God of Jesus. To understand this, it is mandatory to examine the social and historical debates occasioned by Latin American Liberation Theology and the way it was received in Argentina through the so called «Theology of the People». It will also be necessary to follow the discussions on the relationship between the proclamation of the Gospel, the life of the Church and the reality of the poor, as they have been stated from Medellin and San Miguel to Aparecida. In this article we will study those key areas and topics in which Pope Francis has developed his theological-pastoral option and its consequences for the credibility of the Christian community in a globalized era.


Author(s):  
V. P. Vasiliev

The article analyzes the stages of formation of the principles of the welfare state, the development of its models. The basic model of a market economy does not deny the essential role of the state in socio-economic processes. It is shown that each of the stages is complementary to the fundamental characteristics of the phenomenon of the welfare state, based on new social practices. Historical evolution is represented by the enrichment functions of the state and business along the trajectory of the welfare state — social market economy — the welfare state. A central element of the social state is the social insurance institution, emerged in the socio-labor relations as a form of interaction of employees and employers with trade unions and the state. The dominant feature of the social market economy is to ensure free entrance of citizens in market activity and related functions of the state to ensure availability to markets of labor and capital, ensuring competition and private property rights. Welfare society based on a powerful upsurge of economic dynamics and productivity marks the transition to a new quality of life and overcoming social exclusion. Illustrates the emerging tendency to increase the share of the state in ensuring social economic dynamics. Identified positive and negative aspects of this process. For the practice of public administration in Russia proposed restructuring of the budget expenditures and insurance payments.


KPGT_dlutz_1 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Roberto Viciano Pastor ◽  
Rubén Martínez Dalmau

Crisis del Estado Social en Europa: efectos en la generación del constitucionalismo social en América Latina Resumen: En Europa el Estado social se está erosionando frente a una sociedad que por un lado está perdiendo la motivación, mientras que por otro intenta resistir. Fruto de la debilidad de las disposiciones del constitucionalismo social, el modelo europeo de Estado social experimenta un proceso de transformación del que puede salir absolutamente erosionado, o puede superarse a sí mismo a través de más democracia, una Constitución más normativa y la plena exigibilidad de los derechos sociales. En América Latina, la falta histórica de experimentación plena del Estado social ha sido determinante en la aparición desde finales del siglo XX de nuevas Constituciones democráticas. Estas tienen ante sí el reto, nada fácil, de construir un modelo propio de Estado social adecuado a las necesidades de las sociedades latinoamericanas. En este contexto, el objeto del presente trabajo es analizar las diferencias en la construcción constitucional y evolución del Estado social en Europa y en América Latina, y explicar por qué en Europa podemos referirnos a una crisis del Estado social, mientras que en América Latina asistimos a diversos intentos de generación de un modelo propio de Estado social basado, en algunos países, en nuevos textos constitucionales que tienden hacia la superación de los modelos comparados de constitucionalismo social. En el primer apartado se analizan las razones de la crisis del Estado social en Europa y los retos hacia su superación. En el segundo apartado desarrollamos la problemática latinoamericana en la construcción de su propio modelo de constitucionalismo social, para concluir con el análisis conjunto de las dos experiencias. Palabras clave: Constitucionalismo democrático. Derechos sociales; Estado social; Normatividad constitucional. Nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano. Crisis of welfare state in Europe: effects on the generation of the social constitutionalism in Latin America Abstract: The European Welfare State is falling; a part of the society is losing motivation, while the other part tries to resist. As a result of the weakness of the provisions of social constitutionalism, the European model of welfare state undergoes a transformation process with two alternatives: be finished, or be strengthened with more democracy, a more normative Constitution, and full guarantees for social rights. In Latin America, the historical lack of full experience of the Welfare state has been decisive in the appearance of new democratic Constitutions since the end of the 20th century. These Constitutions have the challenge, not easy, to construct a model of social state adequate to the needs of Latin American societies. In this context, the object of the present work is to analyze the differences in the constitutional construction and evolution of the social State in Europe and Latin America, and to explain why in Europe we can refer to a crisis of the social State, while in Latin America we attend to various attempts to generate a model of social state based, in some countries, on new constitutional texts that tend towards overcoming the comparative models of social constitutionalism. In the first section we analyze the reasons for the crisis of the social State in Europe and the challenges to overcome it. In the second section we develop the Latin American problematic in the construction of its own model of social constitutionalism, to conclude with the joint analysis of the two experiences. Keywords: Constitutional normativity. Democratic constitutionalism. New Latin American constitutionalism. Social rights. Welfare State.


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