Frequency of HIV-Related Medication Errors and Associated Risk Factors in Hospitalized Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonak D Pastakia ◽  
Amanda H Corbett ◽  
Ralph H Raasch ◽  
Sonia Napravnik ◽  
Todd A Correll
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy volunteers and hospitalized patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: prevalence, resistance profile, and associated risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
S. Soré ◽  
S. Sanou ◽  
Y. Sawadogo ◽  
S. Béogo ◽  
S.N.P. Dakouo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Faecal Carriage ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are a serious challenge to patients’ treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-PE, investigate the associated resistance, and analyze the associated risk factors for acquisition of ESBL-PE.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy volunteers and inpatients. After obtaining informed consent, rectal swabs were collected from each participant for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae on Hektoen enteric agar containing 4µg/L cefotaxime. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified using biochemical tests and ESBL production was confirmed by the double-disc synergy test of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Antibiotic susceptibility test of each isolate was done by the disc diffusion method and interpreted using the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical  breakpoints version 5.0.Results: During the study period, prevalence of faecal ESBL-PE among the study participants was 54.5% (103/189); 53.5% among healthy volunteers and 55.7% among inpatients (p=0.87). The major ESBL-PE isolates was Escherichia coli (71%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16%). The isolates in hospitalized patients were resistant to norfloxacin (84.2%), cotrimoxazole (89.5%), and gentamicin (7.0%). The isolates from healthy volunteers were resistant to norfloxacin (86.2%), cotrimoxazole (82.8%), and gentamicin (1.7%).Gender, age, and previous antibiotic use were not significantly associated with carriage of ESBL-PE (p=0.51).Conclusion: The high prevalence of ESBL-PE in this study is worrying. There is an urgent need to develop measures to monitor and limit the spread of these multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare facilities and the community in Burkina Faso. Keywords: faecal carriage, ESBL-PE, healthy volunteers, inpatients, Burkina Faso

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors in Hospitalized Patients with Schizophrenia in Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alejandro Díaz-Domínguez ◽  
Francisco de la Rosa-Donlucas ◽  
Laura Romans-Demaria ◽  
José Ramón Grajales-Almeida ◽  
Tizbé Sauer-Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Rate of Antibiotic Use and Associated Risk Factors in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysa J. Martin ◽  
Stephanie Shulder ◽  
David Dobrzynski ◽  
Katelyn Quartuccio ◽  
Kelly E. Pillinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractBackgroundLiterature suggests that antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 patients is high, despite low rates of confirmed bacterial infection. There are little data on what drives prescribing habits.ObjectiveThis study sought to determine antibiotic prescribing rates and risk factors for antibiotic prescribing in hospitalized patients. It was the first study to assess risk factors for receiving more than one course of antibiotics.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multi-center, observational study. Patients admitted from March 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020 and treated for PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were included. The primary endpoint was the rate of antibiotic use during hospitalization. Secondary endpoints included risk factors associated with antibiotic use, risk factors associated with receiving more than one antibiotic course, and rate of microbiologically confirmed infections.ResultsA total of 208 encounters (198 patients) were included in the final analysis. Eighty-three percent of patients received at least one course of antibiotics, despite low rates of microbiologically confirmed infection (12%). Almost one-third of patients (30%) received more than one course of antibiotics. Risk factors identified for both antibiotic prescribing and receiving more than one course of antibiotics were more serious illness, increased hospital length of stay, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.Conclusion and relevanceThere were high rates of antibiotic prescribing with low rates of bacterial co-infection. Many patients received more than one course of antibiotics during hospitalization. This study highlights the need for increased antibiotic stewardship practices in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence, multidrug-resistance and risk factors for AmpC β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli from hospitalized patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1466-1469
Author(s):  
Rosy Bala ◽  
Varsha A Singh ◽  
Nitin Gupta ◽  
Pue Rakshit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Multi-drug resistance among AmpC β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli isolates is alarming. The study aimed to know the prevalence and presumptive antibiogram of AmpC producing Escherichia coli isolates and to determine the associated risk factors. Methodology: Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens from hospitalized patients during the study period (January 2018- December 2018) were taken for the study. Standard biochemical reactions were used for organism identification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer method as per CLSI guidelines. Cefoxitin resistance was taken as screening tool to detect AmpC producing strains. The phenotypic confirmation was done using modified three-dimensional test. Multiplex PCR was used to detect pAmpC. Results: A total non-duplicate consecutive 470 Escherichia coli were isolated from various clinical specimens of hospitalized patients during the study period. Cefoxitin resistance was observed in 51.9% (244/470). Modified three dimensional test was positive in 115/244 (47.1%) strains. Genotypic characterization of phenotypic positive AmpC strains showed presence of CIT and DHA genes among 33/115 and 19/115 isolates respectively. The overall prevalence of pAmpC producing E. coli was found to be 52/470 (11.1%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 42/52 (80.7%) pAmpC strains. Antimicrobial use, prolonged hospitalization and interventions were associated risk factors for AmpC producing isolates. Conclusions: A high prevalence of multidrug resistance among AmpC producing strains suggests plasmid mediated spread of drug resistance in E. coli. Every hospital should formulate and implement infection control policies at-least for the risk group patients to control the dissemination of such microbes as infection prevention is better than infection control.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Associated Risk Factors: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengxuan Yu ◽  
Daihong Guo ◽  
Chong Yao ◽  
Hongyi Yang ◽  
Siyuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background. Drug-induced acute kidney injury (D-AKI) is increasingly common and can extend the hospital length of stay and increase mortality. This study is aimed at analyzing the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with D-AKI and the associated risk factors in a multidrug environment. Methods. A retrospective study among hospitalized patients was conducted in July 2019 based on the Adverse Drug Events Active Surveillance and Assessment System-2 developed by the authors. Four controls were matched with each case according to the matching criteria. The risk factors for D-AKI were identified by binary multivariate logistic regression. Results. A total of 23,073 patients were hospitalized in July 2019, 21,131 of whom satisfied the inclusion criteria. The independent risk factors for D-AKI consisted of alcohol abuse (odds ratio (OR), 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-4.07), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.25-4.58), diuretic use (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.42-4.92), prior anemia (OR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.94-8.67), and prior chronic kidney disease (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.07-5.08). Conclusions. The occurrence of D-AKI in hospitalized patients had significant associations with alcohol abuse, combination therapy with NSAIDs or diuretics, and prior anemia or chronic kidney disease. Clinicians should meticulously follow patients with the above characteristics.

Incidence of Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients With Tuberculosis and Associated Risk Factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Marjani ◽  
Payam Tabarsi ◽  
Parvaneh Baghaei ◽  
Masoud Shamaei ◽  
Pegah Gorgi Biani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use and Associated Risk Factors for Antibiotic Prescribing in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110302
Author(s):  
Alysa J. Martin ◽  
Stephanie Shulder ◽  
David Dobrzynski ◽  
Katelyn Quartuccio ◽  
Kelly E. Pillinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Literature suggests that antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 patients is high. Currently, there are insufficient data on what drives antibiotic prescribing practices throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: This study sought to determine antibiotic use rates and identify risk factors for antibiotic prescribing in hospitalized patients. It was the first study to assess risk factors for receiving more than 1 course of antibiotics. Methods: This was a retrospective, multi-center, observational study. Patients admitted from March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020, and treated for COVID-19 were included. The primary endpoint was the rate of antibiotic use during hospitalization. Secondary endpoints included risk factors associated with antibiotic use, risk factors associated with receiving more than 1 antibiotic course, and rate of microbiologically confirmed infections. Results: A total of 208 encounters (198 patients) were included in the final analysis. Eighty-three percent of patients received at least 1 course of antibiotics, despite low rates of microbiologically confirmed infection (12%). Almost one-third of patients (30%) received more than 1 course of antibiotics. Risk factors identified for both antibiotic prescribing and receiving more than 1 course of antibiotics included increased hospital length of stay (median 12 days), intensive care unit admission, and the necessity for mechanical ventilation. Conclusion and Relevance: There were high rates of antibiotic prescribing with low rates of microbiologically confirmed bacterial co-infection. Many patients received more than 1 course of antibiotics during hospitalization. This study highlights the importance and demand for appropriate antibiotic stewardship practices in COVID-19 patients.

Bone mineral density and associated risk factors: in healthy Indian population

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Waghdhare ◽  
Neelam Kaushal ◽  
Rajinder K Jalali ◽  
Divya Vohora ◽  
Sujeet Jha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Associated Risk Factors
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