scholarly journals Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy volunteers and hospitalized patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: prevalence, resistance profile, and associated risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
S. Soré ◽  
S. Sanou ◽  
Y. Sawadogo ◽  
S. Béogo ◽  
S.N.P. Dakouo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Faecal Carriage ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are a serious challenge to patients’ treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-PE, investigate the associated resistance, and analyze the associated risk factors for acquisition of ESBL-PE.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy volunteers and inpatients. After obtaining informed consent, rectal swabs were collected from each participant for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae on Hektoen enteric agar containing 4µg/L cefotaxime. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified using biochemical tests and ESBL production was confirmed by the double-disc synergy test of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Antibiotic susceptibility test of each isolate was done by the disc diffusion method and interpreted using the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical  breakpoints version 5.0.Results: During the study period, prevalence of faecal ESBL-PE among the study participants was 54.5% (103/189); 53.5% among healthy volunteers and 55.7% among inpatients (p=0.87). The major ESBL-PE isolates was Escherichia coli (71%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16%). The isolates in hospitalized patients were resistant to norfloxacin (84.2%), cotrimoxazole (89.5%), and gentamicin (7.0%). The isolates from healthy volunteers were resistant to norfloxacin (86.2%), cotrimoxazole (82.8%), and gentamicin (1.7%).Gender, age, and previous antibiotic use were not significantly associated with carriage of ESBL-PE (p=0.51).Conclusion: The high prevalence of ESBL-PE in this study is worrying. There is an urgent need to develop measures to monitor and limit the spread of these multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare facilities and the community in Burkina Faso. Keywords: faecal carriage, ESBL-PE, healthy volunteers, inpatients, Burkina Faso

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Uropathogens Isolated from Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Pyelonephritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga I Chub ◽  
Aleksandr V Bilchenko ◽  
Igor Khalin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Background : Increased multidrug resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) compromises the efficacy of treatment of urinary tract infections. Objective : The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing uropathogens from hospitalized patients with chronic pyelonephritis and to identify the presence of genes involved in the resistance. Methods : A cross-sectional study of 105 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, treated in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine was carried. Bacterial isolates were collected, antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M ESBL genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results : 84 (80%) patients had positive urine cultures. Eschеrichia coli wаs the most common microorganism isolated. Among them, 29 (25.2%) were found to be ESBL producers. Out of 53 E. coli isolates, 10 (18.9%), 4 (7.5%) and 6 (11.3%) were identified to carry bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M) beta-lactamase genes, respectively. The highest resistance was observed against ampicillin (75.9%), ciprofloxacin (48.3%), levofloxacin (41.4%) and gentamicin (41.4%). Beside this, only meropenem (96.6% susceptibility), nitroxolinum (86.2%) and fosfomycin (72.4%) exhibited a good enough activity against ESBLs-producing urinary strains. Conclusion : Isоlation and detеction of ESBL-prоducing strаins are еssential fоr the sеlection оf the mоst effеctive antibiоtic for the empiric trеatment.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and antibiotic resistance pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeyinwa N. Nwafia ◽  
Martin E. Ohanu ◽  
Samuel O. Ebede ◽  
Uchenna C. Ozumba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Admission ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background The use of antibiotic agents in the treatment of infectious diseases has greatly contributed to the decrease in morbidity and mortality, but these great advances in treatment are being undermined by the rapidly increasing antimicrobial resistant organisms. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes hydrolyzing the beta lactam antibiotics, including third generation cephalosporins and monobactams but not cephamycins and carbapenems. They pose a serious global health threat and have become a challenge for health care providers. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu and to detect the risk factors for acquisition of the resistant organism. To proffer advice on antibiotic stewardship in clinical practice and public health interventions, to curb the spread of the resistant organisms in the hospital. Results Out of the 200 E. coli isolates, 70 (35.00%) were confirmed positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production. Fifty-three (75.7%) were from hospital acquired infections. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol while 68 (97.14%) of the 70 isolates were susceptible to imipenem. BlaTEM, blaSHV and blaTEM were detected in 66 (94%) of the 70 isolates. The ESBL bla genes detected were blaCTX-M (n = 26; 37.14%), blaTEM (n = 7; 10.00%), blaSHV (n = 2; 2.86%), blaCTX-M/TEM (n = 7; 10.0%), blaCTX-M/SHV (n = 14; 20.0%) and blaCTX-M/TEM/SHV (n = 10; 14.29%). The three bla genes were not detected in 4 (5.71%) of the isolates. Recent surgery, previous antibiotic and intensive care unit admission were the associated risk factors to infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli. Conclusion There is a high rate of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli. Recent surgery, previous antibiotic and intensive care unit admission were associated risk factors.

scholarly journals Clinical outcome and risk factors related to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella spp. infection among hospitalized patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Bellíssimo-Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Carolina Frade Gomes ◽  
Afonso Dinis Costa Passos ◽  
Jorge Alberto Achcar ◽  
Gleici da Silva Castro Perdoná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

scholarly journals Evaluation of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzymes prevalence in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ronak Bakhtiari ◽  
Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi ◽  
Hedroosha Molla Agamirzaei ◽  
Ailar Sabbaghi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Resistance to b-lactam antibiotics by gramnegative bacteria, especially <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em>, is a major public health issue worldwide. The predominant resistance mechanism in gram negative bacteria particularly <em>E. coli </em>is via the production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBLs) enzymes. In recent years, the prevalence of b-lactamase producing organisms is increased and identification of these isolates by using disk diffusion method and no-one else is not satisfactory. So, this investigation focused on evaluating the prevalence of ESBL enzymes by disk diffusion method and confirmatory test (Combined Disk). Five hundred clinical samples were collected and 200 <em>E. coli </em>isolates were detected by standard biochemical tests. To performing initial screening of ESBLs was used from Disk diffusion method on <em>E. coli </em>isolates. A confirmation test (Combined Disk method) was performed on isolates of resistant to cephalosporin's indicators. Up to 70% isolates exhibited the Multi Drug Resistance phenotype. In Disk diffusion method, 128(64%) <em>E. coli </em>isolates which resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime while in Combined Disk, among 128 screened isolates, 115 (89.8%) isolates were detected as ESBLs producers. This survey indicate beta lactamase enzymes are playing a significant role in antibiotic resistance and correct detection of them in phenotypic test by using disk diffusion and combined Disk is essential for accurate recognition of ESBLs.

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from Septicemic Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Tania Rahman ◽  
Momtaz Begum ◽  
Sharmeen Sultana ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: In recent years, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing microorganisms have complicated treatment of infections due to resistance of ESBL producing strains to a wide range of antimicrobials. Objective: Target of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing gramnegative bacteria in neonatal sepsis cases and to reveal the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of those isolated ESBL producers. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) over a period of 12 months from January to December in 2016. Following isolation and identification of gram-negative bacteria from blood samples of suspected septicemic neonates, antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disk-diffusion method and ESBL producers were detected by Double Disk Synergy (DDS) test. Results: Among 52 Gram-negative bacteria isolated from 106 blood samples, 34.61% ESBL producers were detected and Enterobacter spp. (45%) was predominant followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (33.33%). None of the ESBL producers was resistant to colistin and tigecycline. All ESBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii, 77.78% and 66.67% of ESBL producing Enterobacter spp and Klebsiella spp. respectively showed resistance to meropenem. All ESBL producers were resistant to piperacillintazobactam. Conclusion: Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the spread of ESBL producing strains by combining strategies for infection prevention, control and rational use of antibiotics. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-4, January 2021, Page 171-175

scholarly journals Presence of different beta-lactamase classes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing AmpC beta-lactamase enzyme

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Upadhyay ◽  
Malay Ranjan Sen ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Enzyme Detection

Introduction: Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are difficult to treat as the majority of isolates exhibit varying degrees of beta-lactamase mediated resistance to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics. It is also not unusual to find a single isolate that expresses multiple β-lactamase enzymes, further complicating the treatment options. Thus the present study was designed to investigate the coexistence of different beta-lactamase enzymes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Methodology: A total of 202 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were tested for the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) enzyme. Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase was performed by disk antagonism test and a modified three-dimensional method, whereas detection of ESBL was done by the combined disk diffusion method per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and MBL were detected by the Imipenem EDTA disk potentiation test. Results: A total of 120 (59.4%) isolates were confirmed to be positive for AmpC beta-lactamase. Among them, 14 strains (7%) were inducible AmpC producers. Co-production of AmpC along with extended spectrum beta-lactamase and metallo beta-lactamase was reported in 3.3% and 46.6% isolates respectively. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the high prevalence of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa producing beta-lactamase enzymes of diverse mechanisms. Thus proper antibiotic policy and measures to restrict the indiscriminative use of cephalosporins and carbapenems should be taken to minimize the emergence of this multiple beta-lactamase producing pathogens.

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