Preface

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. iv
Author(s):  
Francesco Cubadda
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Element Species ◽  
The Impact

Diet is the main source of trace elements, and exposure to dietary trace elements has a direct impact on the health of hundreds of millions worldwide. Insufficient intake of essential trace elements is a global issue. Deficiencies of iron, zinc, iodine, and selenium result in millions of people being affected by various diseases, with very serious consequences in those countries where malnutrition is widespread. On the other hand, the impact of toxic element species such as inorganic arsenic and methylmercury on entire populations has come to the fore again as a priority for both the scientific community and health authorities. The presence of trace elements in feeds, either as contaminants or as nutritional or zootechnical additives, and their transfer across the food chain to humans also raises questions within the scientific community and regulators.Different facets of trace elements, from essentiality to toxicity, were addressed throughout the 3rd International IUPAC Symposium on Trace Elements in Food (TEF-3). The meeting was organized by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità and held on 1-3 April 2009 in Rome, Italy. The objective was to gather experts with different backgrounds to discuss all aspects of trace elements in food in relation to human health, with special emphasis on biological effects of elements. The main topics included essentiality, toxicity, bioaccessibility, bioavailability, speciation, sources and transfer in the food chain, effects of processing, food and feed fortification, supplementation, international legislation and standards, analytical developments, analytical quality assurance and reference materials. In accordance with practice in previous events of this series (Warsaw, 2000, and Brussels, 2004), TEF-3 provided a forum for the exchange of new ideas and experiences in trace element research, and a basis for influencing policy, advisory practice, and risk-management tools to protect public health.Over 200 participants, representing some 40 countries, joined the event. In addition to the 15 invited lectures, delegates from Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America enriched this edition with 20 oral and about 130 poster contributions. TEF-3 actually resulted in a lively interdisciplinary symposium on current and emerging research and development efforts.Special emphasis was placed on the following topics:- analytical techniques for element speciation studies in food and food supplements- reliability and quality control of analytical data on trace elements in foodstuffs- detection, characterization, and potential health risks of inorganic nanoparticles- arsenic speciation and toxicology- gender differences in susceptibility to toxic trace elements in food- exposure assessment of toxic element species- assessment of risks and benefits of the organic forms of trace elements as feed additives- metabolism of metal(loid)s by intestinal microorganisms- absorption and metabolism of iron, zinc, and other essential elements- use of stable isotopes to study trace mineral metabolism- selenium and iodine speciation and biological effectsAdvancements in the above-mentioned areas were discussed, and special attention was paid to the means in order to prevent adverse health effects on those individuals and populations most vulnerable to trace-element inadequacies, excesses, or imbalances.The following collection of papers based upon authoritative lectures presented at TEF-3 addresses many of the topics discussed during the symposium. Overall, it provides an excellent overview of the state of the art in the area of trace elements in food and sheds light on future challenges and subjects of research.Francesco CubaddaConference Chair

scholarly journals Trace element nutrition in the tropical zebu cattle type. Lessons from the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Dermauw
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
Trace Element Nutrition ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

In the tropics, cattle are majorly dependent on natural pastures growing on poor soils and as a result prone to trace element deficiencies. This work investigated several aspects of trace element nutrition in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, the most widely used cattle type in the tropics. Through several trials conducted at the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia, we aimed to study factors influencing the flow of trace elements from soil to plant and grazing zebu cattle, and to investigate the impact of trace element status on health, production and trace elements in animal products. Overall, trace element, e.g., Cu, deficiencies were widely prevalent. Environment and certain grazing strategies were intimately related and affected trace element supply whereas cattle type affected trace element status. The effect of trace element status on trace elements in animal products was obvious, whereas the impact on health and production was less clear-cut. Key words: trace elements, minerals, cattle, zebu, Bos indicus, Ethiopia, tropics 

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND TRACE ELEMENT METABOLISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
A.A. Skalny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element Metabolism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Currently, there is no doubt about the prevailing influence of the level of physical activity of an individual on the functional state of the body. However, the available literature data on the impact of physical stress on the body's supply of trace elements and their distribution in tissues are largely contradictory. This review of available literature data provides an insight into the relationship between physical activity and microelement homeostasis. The influence of human physical activity on the exchange of toxic (lead, cadmium, Nickel, etc.) and essential trace elements, such as iron, selenium, copper, cobalt, chromium, and zinc is reviewed. Based on the analyzed works, it is concluded that in order to correct the metabolic and microelement status of a person during physical activity, the most reasonable and necessary is the modulation of homeostasis of zinc and selenium.

scholarly journals Serum Concentrations of Essential Trace and Toxic Elements in Healthy and Disease-Affected Dogs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Yolanda Cedeño ◽  
Marta Miranda ◽  
Inmaculada Orjales ◽  
Carlos Herrero-Latorre ◽  
Maruska Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Element Determination ◽  
Element Concentrations

This study was designed (i) to establish reference ranges for the essential trace element and background levels of toxic element exposure in the healthy/normal dog population, and (ii) to evaluate whether trace element concentrations vary in dogs suffering from different pathologies. Blood serum samples were collected from 187 healthy and diseased dogs at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (northwest Spain). The samples were acid digested, and the concentrations of trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn) and toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This enabled us to establish reference ranges for the essential trace elements and the level of toxic element exposure in dogs, and to identify several clinical situations associated with variations in trace elements in serum. Relative to concentrations in healthy control dogs, statistically significant differences were observed in the concentrations of Cu (significantly higher in hepatic, inflammatory/infectious and oncological categories), Mo (significantly higher in renal category), Se (significantly lower in gastrointestinal category) and Zn (significantly lower in gastrointestinal, inflammatory/infectious and renal categories). Trace element concentrations can be a cause or consequence of disease, and the study findings indicate that trace element determination in serum provides useful information on the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Further research on the serum concentrations of trace elements, particularly in relation to other biochemical parameters and diagnostic tools, may provide valuable information for the diagnosis of diseases in dogs and the disease prognosis.

scholarly journals Geophagic clay around Uteh-Uzalla near Benin: mineral and trace elements compositions and possible health implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyobosa Timothy Asowata
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Mean

AbstractGeophagic clay consumption, which is an age-long cultural practice by humans and animals in many parts of the world, and particularly in Nigeria, may have long time health effects on the consumers. This is particularly so because of the relatively high concentration of harmful minerals and toxic elements. This study sought to determine the mineralogical and trace element compositions of geophagic clay in Uteh-Uzalla area, which is underlain by the Benin Formation of Oligocene to Miocene age, in order to evaluate the potential health risk associated with the consumption of the clay. Sixteen clay samples were collected from mine face profiles of an open pit, analysed for mineral and trace element compositions, using x-ray diffraction technique and ultra-trace inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods, respectively. The mean mineral concentration in % includes kaolinite, quartz and smectite (64.88, 19.98, and 9.54), respectively, among other minerals. And the mean concentrations in mg/kg for Cu (15.0), Pb (14.4), Zn (30.9), Co (8.9), Mn (39.4) and Th (10.5) among other elements were found in the clay. From the trace elements results when compared with health risk indices by Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR): Minimum Risk Level, recommended daily intake and estimated daily intake, it was found that the elements are far above the daily oral intake requirement. Also, considering the relatively low pH (acidic) values that were exhibited by the clays, harmful minerals and elements contained in the clay may be bioavailable in the internal system among those who are frequently involved in the consumption of the clay.

scholarly journals Trace element nutrition in the tropical zebu cattle type. Lessons from the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Veronique Dermauw
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

In the tropics, cattle are majorly dependent on natural pastures growing on poor soils and as a result prone to trace element deficiencies. This work investigated several aspects of trace element nutri¬tion in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, the most widely used cattle type in the tropics. Through several trials conducted at the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia, we aimed to study factors influencing the flow of trace elements from soil to plant and grazing zebu cattle, and to investigate the impact of trace element status on health, production and trace elements in animal products. Overall, trace element, e.g., Cu, deficiencies were widely prevalent. Environment and certain grazing strategies were inti-mately related and affected trace element supply whereas cattle type affected trace element status. The effect of trace element status on trace elements in animal products was obvious, whereas the impact on health and production was less clear-cut.

scholarly journals Passive degassing at Nyiragongo (D.R. Congo) and Etna (Italy) volcanoes

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Calabrese ◽  
Sarah Scaglione ◽  
Silvia Milazzo ◽  
Walter D'Alessandro ◽  
Nicole Bobrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Bulk Deposition ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Volcanic Emissions ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
The Impact

<p>Volcanoes are well known as an impressive large natural source of trace elements into the troposphere. Etna (Italy) and Nyiragongo (D.R. Congo) are two stratovolcanoes located in different geological settings, both characterized by persistent passive degassing from their summit craters. Here, we present some results on trace element composition in volcanic plume emissions, atmospheric bulk deposition (rainwater) and their uptake by the surrounding vegetation, with the aim to compare and identify differences and similarities between these two volcanoes. Volcanic emissions were sampled by using active filter-pack for acid gases (sulfur and halogens) and specific teflon filters for particulates (major and trace elements). The impact of the volcanogenic deposition in the surrounding of the crater rims was investigated by using different sampling techniques: bulk rain collectors gauges were used to collect atmospheric bulk deposition, and biomonitoring technique was carried out to collect gases and particulates by using endemic plant species. The estimates of the trace element fluxes confirm that Etna and Nyiragongo are large sources of metals into the atmosphere, especially considering their persistent state of passive degassing. The large amount of emitted trace elements has a strong impact on the close surrounding of both volcanoes. This is clearly reflected by in the chemical composition of rainwater collected at the summit areas both for Etna and Nyiragongo. Moreover, the biomonitoring results highlight that bioaccumulation of trace elements is extremely high in the proximity of the crater rim and decreases with the distance from the active craters.</p>

Mineral/melt partition coefficients of oceanic alkali basalts determined on natural samples using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LAM-ICP-MS)

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Thompson ◽  
J. Malpas
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Alkali Basalts ◽  
Compositional Evolution ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
D Values ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn order to limit the range of possible differentiation mechanisms and the impact of these processes on the trace element signatures of igneous suites, it is important to be able to predict or model the compositional evolution of the primary and/or parental magmas. Part of the problem in understanding these relationships in basalts from ocean islands is the paucity of reliable trace element mineral/melt partition coefficients, particularly for undersaturated magmas. Consequently, we have measured mineral/groundmass partition coefficients for Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Th and REE, in situ, in clinopyroxene, Fe-Ti oxides and olivine in primitive basalts from Rarotonga, Cook Islands using LAM-ICP-MS.Analyses of these mafic rocks show high concentrations of most incompatible trace elements (e.g. Sr, Th, Y, REE, etc.) in pyroxenes relative to the other phases, suggesting that fractionation of pyroxenes was the dominant factor in the distribution of these trace elements during crystal fractionation. In such cases, the highly incompatible elements (D <0.01) are Ba, Cs and Nb. Elements that could also be classified as strongly incompatible (D <0.1) are Rb, Ta and Th. The remaining trace elements have bulk partition coefficient values that range from ∼.0.1 up to ∼.0.8 (Sr, Hf, Zr, Y and REE). Magnetites incorporate greater amounts of Nb and Ta than the titanaugites, and any significant fractionation of magnetite would have affected the bulk distribution of Nb and Ta. The LREE have lower Kd values than other REE, with the HREE having Kd values close to unity. Consequently, with the separation of titanaugite an overall enrichment of REE in the residual liquid with an increase in the La/Yb ratio is produced.

scholarly journals Impact of Cell-phone on Human Health: A Systematic Review of Literatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Md Nurul Amin ◽  
Md Sultan Ul Islam ◽  
Md Jawadul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The growth of communication technology in the last two decades has given the world a new look.With the blessings of digital technology, we can now communicate to any parts of the world with just a touch over the screen of our smart phone. Mobile phone hasnow become an indispensable part of our life.But, biological effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) transmitted by mobile phones are still a matter of public and scientific debate. Countries accross the world are now getting concerned about the impact of mobiles on human health and environment.Radiofrequency waves generated from mobile phones cause potential public health problems. Short-term effects like changes in sleep, heart rate, and blood pressure, and long-term effects like carcinoma (particularly glioma) are well-documented. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published cancer risks from Radiofrequency(RF) radiation. Human epidemiological studies gave evidence of increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma. Further epidemiological, animal and mechanistic studies have strengthened the association. Besides, the carcinogenic effect of non-ionizing radiation emitted from cordless digital devices, numerous health effects have already been claimed to occur. Faced with this context, scientific community and legislative bodies are raising voice for the reduction of RF-EMF exposure to the safe limit for human health and environment. The RF exposure restriction guideline used by many agencies was established in 1998 by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and was based only on established short-term thermal (heating) effects from RF radiation neglecting non-thermal biological effects. The present study is, therefore, intended to review the literatures relating mobile phone and Wi-fito human health in order to make the scientific community updated on the association between mobile phone use and human health. Ibrahim Card Med J 2018; 8 (1&2): 53-65

scholarly journals The Impact of Trace Elements on Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyong Li ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Xuefeng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Osteophyte Formation ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subchondral Sclerosis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease characterized by cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral sclerosis and osteophyte formation. It has a multifactorial etiology with potential contributions from heredity, endocrine function, abnormal mechanical load and nutrition. Of particular considerations are trace element status. Several trace elements, such as boron and magnesium are essential for normal development of the bone and joint in human. While cadmium correlates with the severity of OA. The present review focuses on the roles of trace elements (boron, cadmium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, selenium, zinc) in OA and explores the mechanisms by which they act.

ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN CIVIL PROCESS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Alexandr Neznamov
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Civil Process ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
The Impact

Digital technologies are no longer the future but are the present of civil proceedings. That is why any research in this direction seems to be relevant. At the same time, some of the fundamental problems remain unattended by the scientific community. One of these problems is the problem of classification of digital technologies in civil proceedings. On the basis of instrumental and genetic approaches to the understanding of digital technologies, it is concluded that their most significant feature is the ability to mediate the interaction of participants in legal proceedings with information; their differentiating feature is the function performed by a particular technology in the interaction with information. On this basis, it is proposed to distinguish the following groups of digital technologies in civil proceedings: a) technologies of recording, storing and displaying (reproducing) information, b) technologies of transferring information, c) technologies of processing information. A brief description is given to each of the groups. Presented classification could serve as a basis for a more systematic discussion of the impact of digital technologies on the essence of civil proceedings. Particularly, it is pointed out that issues of recording, storing, reproducing and transferring information are traditionally more «technological» for civil process, while issues of information processing are more conceptual.

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