scholarly journals Factors associated with suicide risk among Chinese adults: A prospective cohort study of 0.5 million individuals

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. e1003545
Author(s):  
Rongqin Yu ◽  
Yiping Chen ◽  
Liming Li ◽  
Junshi Chen ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death in China and accounts for about one-sixth of all suicides worldwide. The objective of this study was to examine the recent distribution of suicide and risk factors for death by suicide. Identifying underlying risk factors could benefit development of evidence-based prevention and intervention programs. Methods and findings We conducted a prospective study, the China Kadoorie Biobank, of 512,715 individuals (41% men, mean age 52 years) from 10 (5 urban, 5 rural) areas which are diverse across China in geographic locations, social economic developmental stages, and prevalence of disease patterns. After the baseline measurements of risk factors during 2004 to 2008, participants were followed up for suicide outcomes including suicide and possible suicide deaths. Risk factors, such as sociodemographic factors and physical and mental health status, were assessed by semistructured interviews and self-report questionnaires. Suicide and possible suicide deaths were identified through linkage to the local death registries using ICD-10 codes. We conducted Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for suicide and for possible suicide in sensitivity analyses. During an average follow-up period of 9.9 years, 520 (101 per 100,000) people died from suicide (51.3% male), and 79.8% of them lived in rural areas. Sociodemographic factors associated with increased suicide risk were male gender (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] = 1.6 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.0], p < 0.001), older age (1.3 [1.2 to 1.5] by each 10-yr increase, p < 0.001), rural residence (2.6 [2.1 to 3.3], p < 0.001), and single status (1.7 [1.4 to 2.2], p < 0.001). Increased hazards were found for family-related stressful life events (aHR = 1.8 [1.2 to 1.9], p < 0.001) and for major physical illnesses (1.5 [1.3 to 1.9], p < 0.001). There were strong associations of suicide with a history of lifetime mental disorders (aHR = 9.6 [5.9 to 15.6], p < 0.001) and lifetime schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (11.0 [7.1 to 17.0], p < 0.001). Links between suicide risk and depressive disorders (aHR = 2.6 [1.4 to 4.8], p = 0.002) and generalized anxiety disorders (2.6 [1.0 to 7.1], p = 0.056) in the last 12 months, and sleep disorders (1.4 [1.2 to 1.7], p < 0.001) in the past month were also found. All HRs were adjusted for sociodemographic factors including gender, age, residence, single status, education, and income. The associations with possible suicide deaths were mostly similar to those with suicide deaths, although there was no clear link between possible suicide deaths and psychiatric factors such as depression and generalized anxiety disorders. A limitation of the study is that there is likely underreporting of mental disorders due to the use of self-report information for some diagnostic categories. Conclusions In this study, we observed that a range of sociodemographic, lifestyle, stressful life events, physical, and mental health factors were associated with suicide in China. High-risk groups identified were elderly men in rural settings and individuals with mental disorders. These findings could form the basis of targeted approaches to reduce suicide mortality in China.

scholarly journals Diarrhea Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors among Under-Five Children in Rural Areas of North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atalay Getachew ◽  
Tadesse Guadu ◽  
Alebachew Tadie ◽  
Zemichael Gizaw ◽  
Mulat Gebrehiwot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence ◽  
One Year ◽  
North Gondar Zone

Background. Diarrheal disease remains one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by settings and have important implications for developing intervention strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess diarrhea prevalence and sociodemographic factors among under-five children in rural areas of North Gondar Zone. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2016 among 736 randomly selected households with one child under five years old. A structured questionnaire was used for collecting information on sociodemographic characteristics and diarrheal occurrence. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between risk factors and diarrheal occurrence, and a p value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results. A total of 736 under-five children and their respondents were enrolled during the study period. Almost all respondents were biological mothers 96.4% (709/736), married 94.2% (693/736), and house wives 86% (632/736). The overall prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children was 22.1% (163/743). Of these, children with age group of less than one year old, 7.7 % (57/736), were commonly infected with diarrheal diseases. Children less than or equal to one year [AOR=1.82, 95% CI= (1.39, 4.63)], guardians [AOR=4.37, 95% CI= (1.73, 11.1)], and children with no breast feeding practice [AOR=3.13, 95% CI= (1.62, 6.03)] were the major risk factors for the occurrence of diarrhea. Conclusion. Childhood diarrhea remains an important health concern in the study area. Occurrence of diarrhea was statistically associated with child age less than or equal to one year, educational status of mother/guardians, and breast feeding. To minimize the magnitude childhood diarrhea, various designing and implementing strategies, such as health education, child care, breast feeding, and weaning practice, integrated with the existing national health extension are quite essential.

The Moderating Role of Social Support on the Relationship Between Impulsivity and Suicide Risk

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan M. Kleiman ◽  
John H. Riskind ◽  
Karen E. Schaefer ◽  
Hilary Weingarden
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among college students. There has been considerable research into risk factors for suicide, such as impulsivity, but considerably less research on protective factors. Aims: The present study examines the role that social support plays in the relationship between impulsivity and suicide risk. Methods: Participants were 169 undergraduates who completed self-report measures of impulsivity and social support. Suicide risk was assessed using an interview measure. Results: Social support moderates the relationship between impulsivity and suicide risk, such that those who are highly impulsive are less likely to be at risk for suicide if they also have high levels of social support. Conclusions: Social support can be a useful buffer to suicide risk for at-risk individuals who are highly impulsive.

Suicide in Developing Countries (2)

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Vijayakumar ◽  
Sujit John ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Abstract. The majority of studies on risk factors for suicide have been conducted in developed countries, and less work has been done to systematically profile risk factors in developing countries. The current paper presents a selective review of sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental/situational risk factors in developing countries. Taken together, the evidence suggests that the profiles of risk factors in developing countries demonstrate some differences from those in developed countries. In some developing countries, at least, being female, living in a rural area, and holding religious beliefs that sanction suicide may be of more relevance to suicide risk than these factors are in developed countries. Conversely, being single or having a history of mental illness may be of less relevance. Risk factors that appear to be universal include youth or old age, low socioeconomic standing, substance use, and previous suicide attempts. Recent stressful life events play a role in both developing and developed countries, although their nature may differ (e.g., social change may have more of an influence in the former). Likewise, access to means heightens risk in both, but the specific means may vary (e.g., access to pesticides is of more relevance in developing countries). These findings have clear implications for suicide prevention, suggesting that preventive efforts that have shown promise in developed countries may need to be tailored differently to address the risk factor profile of developing countries.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Attempt Based on Machine Learning Algorithms: A Longitudinal Survey in Korea (2007–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12772
Author(s):  
Junggu Choi ◽  
Seoyoung Cho ◽  
Inhwan Ko ◽  
Sanghoon Han
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Support Vector

Investigating suicide risk factors is critical for socioeconomic and public health, and many researchers have tried to identify factors associated with suicide. In this study, the risk factors for suicidal ideation were compared, and the contributions of different factors to suicidal ideation and attempt were investigated. To reflect the diverse characteristics of the population, the large-scale and longitudinal dataset used in this study included both socioeconomic and clinical variables collected from the Korean public. Three machine learning algorithms (XGBoost classifier, support vector classifier, and logistic regression) were used to detect the risk factors for both suicidal ideation and attempt. The importance of the variables was determined using the model with the best classification performance. In addition, a novel risk-factor score, calculated from the rank and importance scores of each variable, was proposed. Socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors showed a high correlation with risks for both ideation and attempt. Mental health variables ranked higher than other factors in suicidal attempts, posing a relatively higher suicide risk than ideation. These trends were further validated using the conditions from the integrated and yearly dataset. This study provides novel insights into suicidal risk factors for suicidal ideations and attempts.

scholarly journals Extended Cohort for E-health, Environment and DNA (EXCEED) COVID-19 focus

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Paul H. Lee ◽  
Anna L. Guyatt ◽  
Catherine John ◽  
Altaf Ali ◽  
Xueyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Electronic Healthcare Record ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
General Physical

Background: New data collection in established longitudinal population studies provides an opportunity for studying the risk factors and sequelae of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), plus the indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on wellbeing. The Extended Cohort for E-health, Environment and DNA (EXCEED) cohort is a population-based cohort (N>11,000), recruited from 2013 in Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland. EXCEED includes consent for electronic healthcare record (EHR) linkage, spirometry, genomic data, and questionnaire data. Methods: Between May 2020 and July 2021, a new questionnaire was deployed in EXCEED, which captured COVID-19 symptoms, general physical and mental health, plus socioeconomic and environmental factors during the pandemic. An online system was developed to invite new participants to join EXCEED, with informed consent being provided online. New and existing participants then completed the COVID-19 questionnaire online. A subset of the new questionnaire respondents were invited to participate in COVID-19 serology substudies, using home antibody testing kits. Results: In total, 3,693 participants provided COVID-19 infection status (median age 62.9 (IQR 54.7-69.2), 58.9% female). Trends of monthly incidence proportions of COVID-19 in EXCEED (self-report or symptom-predicted) approximated local and national figures. Regression analysis of 2,768 participants with linked EHR data showed no obvious monotonic relationship between number of chronic diseases (of 16 pre-specified diseases) and COVID-19 infection. There were 2,144 participants with valid results from a kit allowing differentiation between antibodies due to vaccination or infection. Of these, 8.5% had results consistent with previous COVID-19 infection, and 85.9% had evidence of COVID-19 vaccination, but without evidence of infection. Conclusions: Enriching EXCEED with a new COVID-19 questionnaire and serology data may improve understanding of the risk factors, clinical sequelae and broader impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population. Controlled access to these data for bona fide researchers is via application to the EXCEED study.

Suicide, Satisfaction With Life, and Insight Capacity Among Adolescents With Mental Disorders

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Schapir ◽  
Gil Zalsman ◽  
Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon ◽  
Meyrav Gaziel ◽  
Mayad Morag-Yaffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of insight and satisfaction with life in adolescent suicidal behavior. Aims: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between suicide risk, insight, and satisfaction with life among adolescents with mental disorders. Method: A total of 30 adolescents were evaluated using self-report measures of insight, satisfaction with life, and suicide risk. Regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of each factor to suicide risk. Results: Positive correlations were found between suicide risk and insight dimensions. Satisfaction with life correlated negatively with suicide risk and insight dimensions. Insight explained 27.3% of suicide risk (p = .003). Both insight and satisfaction with life explained 39.0% of suicide risk (p = .031). Conclusion: Among adolescents with mental disorders, insight is a risk factor, whereas satisfaction with life is a protective factor for suicidality. Insight affects suicide risk of adolescents with mental disorders via reduction of satisfaction with life.

Effects of Follow-Up Procedures on Adolescents' Self- Report of Suicide Risk Factors

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. King ◽  
R. M. Hill ◽  
H. A. Wynne ◽  
R. M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors

scholarly journals Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom self-report in adults in Kenya and its associated risk factors, an analysis from a household survey in a demographic surveillance site

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jenkins ◽  
C. Othieno ◽  
L. Ongeri ◽  
B. Ogutu ◽  
P. Sifuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Surveillance Site ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background.There have been no household surveys of adult attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Kenya, and only one in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods.Data on ADHD was used from a household survey of mental disorders and their associated risk factors conducted in Maseno area (population 70 805), near Lake Victoria in Kenya, using a demographic surveillance site as the sample frame, as part of a wider survey of mental health, malaria and immunity A total of 1190 households were selected, and 1158 adult participants consented to the study while 32 refused to participate in the study interviews, giving a response rate of 97.3%. ADHD symptoms were assessed with the WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener.Results.This survey found that the overall prevalence of ADHD using the ASRS was 13.1%. This suggests a high level of ADHD in the Kenyan population which needs to be further investigated for its impact on adult mental health. In the adjusted analysis, increased odds ratios (ORs) were found in those with higher assets (OR 1.7, p = 0.023), those with life events (OR 2.4, p = 0.001 for those with 2–3 life events and OR 2.6, p < 0.001 for those with 4 or more life events), and those with common mental disorders (OR 2.3, p = 0.001).Conclusion.The study demonstrates the magnitude of ADHD symptoms as a public health issue, relevant for health worker training, and the importance of further research into its prevalence in adults and associated risk factors.

scholarly journals Are punitive parenting and stressful life events environmental risk factors for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth? A longitudinal twin study

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Krebs ◽  
L.J. Hannigan ◽  
A.M. Gregory ◽  
F.V. Rijsdijk ◽  
B. Maughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

AbstractBackground:Punitive parenting and stressful life events are associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). However, the lack of longitudinal, genetically-informative studies means it remains unclear whether these factors represent environmentally-mediated risks for the development of OCS.Methods:Twins and siblings from the Genesis1219 study completed self-report questionnaires two years apart (Time 1: N = 2616, mean age = 15.0; Time 2: N = 1579, mean age = 17.0 years) assessing OCS, maternal and paternal punitive parenting, and dependent stressful life events. Multiple regression models tested cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the putative environmental risk factors and obsessive-compulsive symptoms using: (a) individual scores; and (b) monozygotic twin difference scores. The aetiologies of significant phenotypic associations between putative risk factors and OCS were further examined using multivariate genetic models.Results:At a phenotypic level, maternal and paternal punitive parenting and stressful life events were all associated with OCS both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, only stressful life events predicted the subsequent development of OCS, after controlling for earlier symptoms. Genetic models indicated that the association between life events and change in OCS symptoms was due to both genetic (48%) and environmental (52%) influences. Overall, life events associated with change in OCS accounted for 1.2% of variation in OCS at Time 2.Conclusions:Stressful life events, but not punitive parenting, predict OCS change during adolescence at a phenotypic level. This association exists above and beyond genetic confounding, consistent with the hypothesis that stressful life events play a causal role in the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

scholarly journals On becoming depressed or anxious in late life: similar vulnerability factors but different effects of stressful life events

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin De Beurs ◽  
Aartjan Beekman ◽  
Sandra Geerlings ◽  
Dorly Deeg ◽  
Richard Van Dyck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Risk Profiles

BackgroundLittle research has been done on the uniqueness of risk profiles for depression and anxiety in late life.AimsDelineating risk factors for the decline of mental health in older persons, comparing risk profiles for developing symptoms of pure depression, pure anxiety and both anxiety and depression in a prospective design.MethodSelf-Report data on depression and anxiety were collected from community-dwelling older respondents (⩾55 years) on two occasions, 3 years apart. Data from emotionally healthy respondents (n=1810) were used to investigate the effects of long-standing vulnerability factors and stressful life events.ResultsAfter 3 years 9% of the subjects had scored beyond the thresholds for symptoms. Vulnerability for depression and anxiety was quite similar, but life events differed: onset of depression was predicted by death of a partner or other relatives; onset of anxiety was best predicted by having a partner who developed a major illness. No support for moderator effects between vulnerability factors and stress was found; the effects were purely additive.ConclusionsDepression and anxiety have many risk factors in common, but specific risk factors also were found, especially in subjects developing both depression and anxiety.

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