scholarly journals Extended Cohort for E-health, Environment and DNA (EXCEED) COVID-19 focus

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Paul H. Lee ◽  
Anna L. Guyatt ◽  
Catherine John ◽  
Altaf Ali ◽  
Xueyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Electronic Healthcare Record ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
General Physical

Background: New data collection in established longitudinal population studies provides an opportunity for studying the risk factors and sequelae of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), plus the indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on wellbeing. The Extended Cohort for E-health, Environment and DNA (EXCEED) cohort is a population-based cohort (N>11,000), recruited from 2013 in Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland. EXCEED includes consent for electronic healthcare record (EHR) linkage, spirometry, genomic data, and questionnaire data. Methods: Between May 2020 and July 2021, a new questionnaire was deployed in EXCEED, which captured COVID-19 symptoms, general physical and mental health, plus socioeconomic and environmental factors during the pandemic. An online system was developed to invite new participants to join EXCEED, with informed consent being provided online. New and existing participants then completed the COVID-19 questionnaire online. A subset of the new questionnaire respondents were invited to participate in COVID-19 serology substudies, using home antibody testing kits. Results: In total, 3,693 participants provided COVID-19 infection status (median age 62.9 (IQR 54.7-69.2), 58.9% female). Trends of monthly incidence proportions of COVID-19 in EXCEED (self-report or symptom-predicted) approximated local and national figures. Regression analysis of 2,768 participants with linked EHR data showed no obvious monotonic relationship between number of chronic diseases (of 16 pre-specified diseases) and COVID-19 infection. There were 2,144 participants with valid results from a kit allowing differentiation between antibodies due to vaccination or infection. Of these, 8.5% had results consistent with previous COVID-19 infection, and 85.9% had evidence of COVID-19 vaccination, but without evidence of infection. Conclusions: Enriching EXCEED with a new COVID-19 questionnaire and serology data may improve understanding of the risk factors, clinical sequelae and broader impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population. Controlled access to these data for bona fide researchers is via application to the EXCEED study.

scholarly journals Mood Disorders in Late Life: A Population-based Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences in Community-dwelling Older Adults in Ontario: Troubles de l’humeur en âge avancé : Une analyse dans la population de la prévalence, des facteurs de risque et des conséquences chez des adultes âgés vivant en milieu communautaire en Ontario

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 630-640
Author(s):  
Rachel Strauss ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
Richard H. Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Objective: Mental health issues in late life are a growing public health challenge as the population aged 65 and older rapidly increases worldwide. An updated understanding of the causes of mood disorders and their consequences in late life could guide interventions for this underrecognized and undertreated problem. We undertook a population-based analysis to quantify the prevalence of mood disorders in late life in Ontario, Canada, and to identify potential risk factors and consequences. Method: Individuals aged 65 or older participating in 4 cycles of a nationally representative survey were included. Self-report of a diagnosed mood disorder was used as the outcome measure. Using linked administrative data, we quantified associations between mood disorder and potential risk factors such as demographic/socioeconomic factors, substance use, and comorbidity. We also determined associations between mood disorders and 5-year outcomes including health service utilization and mortality. Results: The prevalence of mood disorders was 6.1% (4.9% among males, 7.1% among females). Statistically significant associations with mood disorders included younger age, female sex, food insecurity, chronic opioid use, smoking, and morbidity. Individuals with mood disorders had increased odds of all consequences examined, including placement in long-term care (adjusted odds ratio [OR] =2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71 to 3.02) and death (adjusted OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.63). Conclusions: Mood disorders in late life were strongly correlated with demographic and social/behavioral factors, health care use, institutionalization, and mortality. Understanding these relationships provides a basis for potential interventions to reduce the occurrence of mood disorders in late life and their consequences.

scholarly journals Bidirectional pathways between psychosocial risk factors and paranoid ideation in a general nonclinical population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aino Saarinen ◽  
Niklas Granö ◽  
Mirka Hintsanen ◽  
Terho Lehtimäki ◽  
C. Robert Cloninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Predictive Relationships

Abstract We investigated (a) whether psychosocial factors (experienced stress, anticipatory worry, social detachment, sleeping disturbances, alcohol use) predict the course of paranoid ideation between the ages of 24 to 50 years and (b) whether the predictive relationships are more likely to proceed from the psychosocial factors to paranoid ideation, or vice versa. The participants (N = 1534–1553) came from the population-based Young Finns study. Paranoid ideation and psychosocial factors were assessed by reliable self-report questionnaires in 2001, 2007, and 2011/2012. The data were analyzed using growth curve and structural equation models. High experienced stress, anticipatory worry, social detachment, frequent sleeping disturbances, and frequent alcohol use predicted more paranoid ideation. More risk factors predicted increasing paranoid ideation. There were bidirectional predictive relationships of paranoid ideation with experienced stress, anticipatory worry, social detachment, and sleeping disturbances. The link between alcohol use and paranoid ideation was only correlative. In conclusion, paranoid ideation increases by reciprocal interactions with stress, worry, social detachment, and sleeping disturbances. The findings support the threat–anticipation model of paranoid ideation, providing important implications for treatment of paranoia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Self-Report Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6497
Author(s):  
Isabela Silva Levindo de Siqueira ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Samira Nascimento Mamed ◽  
Thays Angélica de Pinho Santos ◽  
Suiany Dias Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Region

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM) in the adult population of the Central-West region of Brazil. In 2013, a cross-sectional study using the data from the National Health Survey and comprising 7519 individuals aged ≥18 years from the Central-West region was conducted. Participants were interviewed at their homes about sociodemographic data and risk factors for DM. To verify the risk factors with DM, the Poisson regression model was used. The analyses were performed for the total sample and stratified according to sex. The prevalence of DM was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.7–7.3). The diagnosis of self-reported DM was 4.3% in men and 7.5% in women. In the global sample, it was found that age between 40–59 years and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity were independently associated with self-reported DM. In men, risk factors were: Age ≥ 60 years, self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, and obesity. In women, risk factors were: Age 30–39 years, 40–59 years, and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM was 6.5%. DM was associated with advanced age; previous smoking (former smoker), hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Some differences in risk factors between men and women were noted.

scholarly journals Factors associated with suicide risk among Chinese adults: A prospective cohort study of 0.5 million individuals

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. e1003545
Author(s):  
Rongqin Yu ◽  
Yiping Chen ◽  
Liming Li ◽  
Junshi Chen ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death in China and accounts for about one-sixth of all suicides worldwide. The objective of this study was to examine the recent distribution of suicide and risk factors for death by suicide. Identifying underlying risk factors could benefit development of evidence-based prevention and intervention programs. Methods and findings We conducted a prospective study, the China Kadoorie Biobank, of 512,715 individuals (41% men, mean age 52 years) from 10 (5 urban, 5 rural) areas which are diverse across China in geographic locations, social economic developmental stages, and prevalence of disease patterns. After the baseline measurements of risk factors during 2004 to 2008, participants were followed up for suicide outcomes including suicide and possible suicide deaths. Risk factors, such as sociodemographic factors and physical and mental health status, were assessed by semistructured interviews and self-report questionnaires. Suicide and possible suicide deaths were identified through linkage to the local death registries using ICD-10 codes. We conducted Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for suicide and for possible suicide in sensitivity analyses. During an average follow-up period of 9.9 years, 520 (101 per 100,000) people died from suicide (51.3% male), and 79.8% of them lived in rural areas. Sociodemographic factors associated with increased suicide risk were male gender (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] = 1.6 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.0], p < 0.001), older age (1.3 [1.2 to 1.5] by each 10-yr increase, p < 0.001), rural residence (2.6 [2.1 to 3.3], p < 0.001), and single status (1.7 [1.4 to 2.2], p < 0.001). Increased hazards were found for family-related stressful life events (aHR = 1.8 [1.2 to 1.9], p < 0.001) and for major physical illnesses (1.5 [1.3 to 1.9], p < 0.001). There were strong associations of suicide with a history of lifetime mental disorders (aHR = 9.6 [5.9 to 15.6], p < 0.001) and lifetime schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (11.0 [7.1 to 17.0], p < 0.001). Links between suicide risk and depressive disorders (aHR = 2.6 [1.4 to 4.8], p = 0.002) and generalized anxiety disorders (2.6 [1.0 to 7.1], p = 0.056) in the last 12 months, and sleep disorders (1.4 [1.2 to 1.7], p < 0.001) in the past month were also found. All HRs were adjusted for sociodemographic factors including gender, age, residence, single status, education, and income. The associations with possible suicide deaths were mostly similar to those with suicide deaths, although there was no clear link between possible suicide deaths and psychiatric factors such as depression and generalized anxiety disorders. A limitation of the study is that there is likely underreporting of mental disorders due to the use of self-report information for some diagnostic categories. Conclusions In this study, we observed that a range of sociodemographic, lifestyle, stressful life events, physical, and mental health factors were associated with suicide in China. High-risk groups identified were elderly men in rural settings and individuals with mental disorders. These findings could form the basis of targeted approaches to reduce suicide mortality in China.

scholarly journals Bridging Epidemiology and System Dynamics Modeling to Better Understand HCV Risk Among Young People Who Inject Drugs.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Mateu-Gelabert ◽  
Nasim Sabounchi ◽  
Honoria Guarino ◽  
Courtney Ciervo ◽  
Kellie Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Sd Model

Abstract Background Injection drug use is the leading risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in the US. Despite the knowledge of the risk factors for HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID), there is a need to better understand how these multiple factors interact and impact young PWID.MethodsData originated from a study of 539 New York City (NYC) residents ages 18-29 recruited via Respondent-Driven Sampling, who reported past-month nonmedical use of prescription opioids and/or heroin. Analyses are based on a subsample of 337 (62%) who reported injecting any drug 12 months prior to the interview. All variables were assessed via self-report, except HCV status, which was established via rapid antibody testing. Building on the statistical associations found we developed a qualitative system dynamics (SD) model to integrate into a single framework key risk and preventive factors for HCV.ResultsHCV antibody prevalence is 31% with an overall incidence of 10 per 100 person-years. HCV status was independently correlated with sharing cookers with two or more people (AOR=2.17); injecting drugs 4-6 years (AOR=2.49) and 7 or more (AOR=4.95); lifetime homelessness (AOR=2.52); and being incarcerated two or more times (AOR=1.99). The SD model facilitates identifying non-linearities and feedback loop structures not included in the statistical model and high leverage points such as harm reduction and HCV treatment that could ameliorate the spread of HCV.ConclusionsThe results may indicate an overall positive impact of harm reduction efforts in reducing HCV prevalence among young PWID in NYC while injection risks and structural factors remain areas of key concern. An SD approach contributes to a better understanding of how these risk factors interact and what policies could be effective in reducing HCV infections.

scholarly journals Natural history of insomnia symptoms in the transition from childhood to adolescence: population rates, health disparities, and risk factors

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
Elizaveta Bourchtein ◽  
Susan Calhoun ◽  
Kristina Puzino ◽  
Cynthia K Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Full Remission ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Study Objectives To determine the sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors associated with the persistence, remission, and incidence of insomnia symptoms in the transition from childhood to adolescence. Methods The Penn State Child Cohort is a random, population-based sample of 700 children (5–12 years at baseline), of whom 421 were followed-up as adolescents (12–23 years at follow-up). Subjects underwent polysomnography, clinical history, physical exam, and parent- and self-reported scales at baseline and follow-up. Insomnia symptoms were defined as a parent- or self-report of difficulty falling and/or staying asleep. Results The 421 subjects with baseline (Mage = 8.8 years) and follow-up (Mage = 17 years) data were 53.9% male and 21.9% racial/ethnic minorities. The persistence of childhood insomnia symptoms (CIS) was 56% (95% CI = 46.5–65.4), with only 30.3% (95% CI = 21.5–39.0) fully remitting. The incidence of adolescent insomnia symptoms was 31.1% (95% CI = 25.9–36.3). Female sex, racial/ethnic minority, and low socioeconomic status as well as psychiatric/behavioral or neurological disorders, obesity, smoking, and evening chronotype were associated with a higher persistence or incidence of insomnia symptoms. Conclusions CIS are highly persistent, with full remission occurring in only a third of children in the transition to adolescence. Sex-, racial/ethnic-, and socioeconomic-related disparities in insomnia occur as early as childhood, while different mental/physical health and lifestyle/circadian risk factors play a key role in the chronicity of CIS versus their incidence in adolescence. CIS should not be expected to developmentally remit and should become a focus of integrated pediatric/behavioral health strategies.

scholarly journals The EnvIMS Study: Design and Methodology of an International Case-Control Study of Environmental Risk Factors in Multiple Sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Magalhaes ◽  
Maura Pugliatti ◽  
Ilaria Casetta ◽  
Jelena Drulovic ◽  
Enrico Granieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Study

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, often resulting in significant neurological disability. The causes of MS are not known; however, the incidence of MS is increasing, thereby suggesting that changes in lifestyle and/or environmental factors may be responsible. On this background, the Environmental Risk Factors in MS Study or EnvIMS study was designed to further explore the etiology of MS. The design and methodology are described, providing details to enable investigators to (i) use our experiences to design their own studies; (ii) take advantage of, and build on the methodological work completed for, the EnvIMS study; (iii) become aware of this data source that is available for use by the research community. Methods: EnvIMS is a multinational case-control study, enrolling 2,800 cases with MS and 5,012 population-based controls in Canada, Italy, Norway, Serbia and Sweden. The study was designed to investigate the most commonly implicated risk factors for MS etiology using a self-report questionnaire. Results/Conclusions: The use of a common methodology to study MS etiology across several countries enhances the comparability of results in different geographic regions and research settings, reduces the resources required for study design and enhances the opportunity for data harmonization.

scholarly journals Lifelines COVID-19 cohort: investigating COVID-19 infection and its health and societal impacts in a Dutch population-based cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e044474
Author(s):  
Katherine Mc Intyre ◽  
Pauline Lanting ◽  
Patrick Deelen ◽  
Henry H Wiersma ◽  
Judith M Vonk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Cohort Data ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Societal Impacts

PurposeThe Lifelines COVID-19 cohort was set up to assess the psychological and societal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate potential risk factors for COVID-19 within the Lifelines prospective population cohort.ParticipantsParticipants were recruited from the 140 000 eligible participants of Lifelines and the Lifelines NEXT birth cohort, who are all residents of the three northern provinces of the Netherlands. Participants filled out detailed questionnaires about their physical and mental health and experiences on a weekly basis starting in late March 2020, and the cohort consists of everyone who filled in at least one questionnaire in the first 8 weeks of the project.Findings to date>71 000 unique participants responded to the questionnaires at least once during the first 8 weeks, with >22 000 participants responding to seven questionnaires. Compiled questionnaire results are continuously updated and shared with the public through the Corona Barometer website. Early results included a clear signal that younger people living alone were experiencing greater levels of loneliness due to lockdown, and subsequent results showed the easing of anxiety as lockdown was eased in June 2020.Future plansQuestionnaires were sent on a (bi)weekly basis starting in March 2020 and on a monthly basis starting July 2020, with plans for new questionnaire rounds to continue through 2020 and early 2021. Questionnaire frequency can be increased again for subsequent waves of infections. Cohort data will be used to address how the COVID-19 pandemic developed in the northern provinces of the Netherlands, which environmental and genetic risk factors predict disease susceptibility and severity and the psychological and societal impacts of the crisis. Cohort data are linked to the extensive health, lifestyle and sociodemographic data held for these participants by Lifelines, a 30-year project that started in 2006, and to data about participants held in national databases.

scholarly journals The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Home-based antibody testing results, October 2020. An emphasis on self-screening at a population level

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Claire Bowring ◽  
Amanda Hill ◽  
Richard Hobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 and has followed these women, their partners (Generation 0; G0) and offspring (Generation 1; G1) ever since. The study reacted rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic, deploying online questionnaires in March and May 2020. Home-based antibody tests and a further questionnaire were sent to 5220 participants during a two-week period of October 2020.  4.2% (n=201) of participants reported a positive antibody test (3.2% G0s [n=81]; 5.6% G1s [n=120]). 43 reported an invalid test, 7 did not complete and 3 did not report their result. Participants uploaded a photo of their test to enable validation: all positive tests, those where the participant could not interpret the result and a 5% random sample were manually checked against photos. We report 92% agreement (kappa=0.853). Positive tests were compared to additional COVID-19 status information: 58 (1.2%) participants reported a previous positive test, 73 (1.5%) reported that COVID-19 was suspected by a doctor, but not tested and 980 (20.4%) believed they had COVID-19 due to their own suspicions.  Of those reporting a positive result on our antibody test, 55 reported that they did not think they had had COVID-19. Results from antibody testing and questionnaire data will be complemented by health record linkage and results of other biological testing– uniting Pillar testing data with home testing and self-report. Data have been released as an update to the original datasets released in July 2020. It comprises: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses to all three questionnaires with key sociodemographic factors and 2) as individual participant-specific release files enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study. This data note describes the antibody testing, associated questionnaire and the data obtained from it.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in an entirely PCR-sampled and quarantined community after a COVID-19 outbreak - the CoNAN study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Weis ◽  
Andre Scherag ◽  
Michael Baier ◽  
Michael Kiehntopf ◽  
Thomas Kamradt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Community Population ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Antibody Tests

Background: Due to the substantial proportion of asymptomatic and mild courses many SARS-CoV-2 infections remain unreported. Therefore, assessment of seroprevalence may detect the real burden of disease. We aimed at determining and characterizing the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the resulting immunity in a defined population. Methods: CoNAN is a population-based cohort study in the previously quarantined community Neustadt-am-Rennsteig, Germany six weeks after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak with 49 cases identified by PCR screening of all 883 inhabitants. The primary objective of the study was to assess SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rate using six different IgG detecting immunoassays. Secondary objectives of the study were: i.) to determine the rate of seroconversion in children; ii.) to determine potential risk factors for symptomatic vs. asymptomatic Covid19 courses; iii.) to investigate the rate of virus persistence. Findings: We enrolled 626 participants (71% of the community population). All actual SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests were negative; while a total of 8.4% (52 of 620 tested) had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in at least two independent tests. Twenty of the antibody positive participants had previously a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. On the contrary, of those 38 participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, only 20 (52.6%) were antibody positive. Interpretation: Several antibody tests conducted six weeks after an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 did not detect all previously PCR-positive tested individuals. Cautious evaluation of antibody testing strategies to assess immunity against the infection is warranted.

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