scholarly journals Spatiotemporal changes caused by the intensive use of sea areas in the liaoning coastal economic zone of China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242977
Author(s):  
Lina Ke ◽  
Shusheng Yin ◽  
Shuting Wang ◽  
Quanming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Input Intensity ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Area Use ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Sea Area

Oceans and their resources are experiencing immense pressure because of human exploitation. The intensive use of sea areas has become an important method in solving the contradiction between ocean supply and demand, thereby ensuring sustainable marine economy development, tapping potential sea-area utilization, reasonably allocating sea-area utilization structures, and increasing marine economic benefits. This paper explores the definition and connotation of intensive sea-area use and constructs an evaluation index system based on marine input intensity, marine utilization structure, marine economic benefit, and marine ecological environment. Multi-objective variable fuzzy set theory and fuzzy decision analysis methods were used to evaluate the intensive sea-area utilization in the Liaoning Coastal Economic Zone of China during 2004–2016. The spatial differentiation characteristics of intensive sea-area use were analysed using cluster analysis. The research result showed that: (1) Intensive utilization level of the Liaoning coastal economic zone has gradually increased, while it is still in a moderately weak level; (2) Sea area intensive utilization varied in degrees and fluctuates in the six cities under the jurisdiction of the Liaoning coastal economic zone; and (3) Marine input intensity, marine utilization structure, marine economic benefit, and marine sustainability indexes have increased in the cities, thereby exhibiting improvements in the Liaoning coastal economic zone.

Growth prospects, market challenges and policy measures: evolution of mobile broadband in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shehzad Hanif ◽  
Shao Yunfei ◽  
Muhammad Imran Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mobile Broadband ◽  
Broadband Service ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government

Purpose The paper aims to explore the long-term prospects of mobile broadband adoption in a developing country. The supply-side and demand-side policy measures are recommended to counter the challenges to broadband adoption. Design/methodology/approach Methodologically, this study uses document analysis to explain secondary data including growth statistics, trade literature and previous scholarly research. Based on the growth statistics of broadband and the informed market insights, the research discusses the prevailing market threats and recommends counter measures to improve the long-term prospects of broadband propagation. Findings The growth of mobile broadband is settling down in Pakistan due to various barriers like cost, literacy, security and unavailability of local content. Collaborative efforts are required by the government, the service providers and the people to enhance the adoption of broadband service and secure economic benefits of the broadband. Practical implications The research offers useful implications for managers and policymakers in Asian and African developing countries; the policy measures discussed here may serve as guidelines for them in the design of their own policies regarding broadband supply and demand. Originality/value The study makes an effort to examine the broadband growth in a developing country on the basis of both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The research endeavors to fill the gap on the particular scholarship of research covering potential uptake of broadband services and the effects of constraining elements to broadband adoption in a developing country.

scholarly journals Optimal fishing mortality assignment for southern hake Merluccius australis in Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625
Author(s):  
Felipe Lopez ◽  
Jorge Jimenez ◽  
Cristian Canales
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Objective Functions

Since 1979, southern hake (Merluccius australis) has been exploited in Chile from the Bio Bio to the Magallanes regions, between the parallels 41°28.6'S and 57°S. There is evidence of a constant fishing effort and a sustained reduction of the fish population, consistent with a progressive decrease in total annual catches. Management strategies based on the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and quota assignment/ distribution criteria have not been able to sustain acceptable biomass levels. A non-linear optimization model with two objective functions was proposed to determine an optimal total catch quota for more sustainable exploitation of this fishery. The first function maximizes the total catch over time in response to an optimal assignment of fishing mortality rates per fleet; the second function maximizes the total economic benefit associated with the total catch. The dynamics of the fish population were represented with the equations of a predictive age-structured model. Decision variables were fishing mortality rates and annual catch quotas per fleet, subject to constraints that guarantee a minimum level of biomass escape over a long-term period. The input parameters were obtained from the last stock evaluation report carried out by the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) of Chile. The historical background data of the fishery and the regulatory framework were relevant aspects of the methodology. Five scenarios were evaluated with the two objective functions, including a base scenario, which considered the referential mortality rate as input data as the average mortality rate per fleet from 2007 to 2012. Total economic benefits fluctuate between 102 and USD 442 million for total catches in the range of 108 to 421 thousand tons, which were obtained from maximizing the economic and biological objective functions. Economic benefit/catch ratios were reduced for scenarios with higher constraints on catch limits, and they were more efficient from a biological point of view. Situations with lighter constraints showed in general higher economic benefits and better performance ratios than those with stronger restrictions. The use of optimization models may provide a useful tool to evaluate the effect of regulations for adequate conservation and economical utilization of a limited resource.

scholarly journals Research on Multi-dimensional Energy Efficiency Assessment Technology of RIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 01046
Author(s):  
Kuihua Wu ◽  
Zhijie Zheng ◽  
Lujie Qi ◽  
Rong Liang ◽  
Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Integrated Energy System ◽  
Energy Efficiency Evaluation

At present, there is a lack of regional comprehensive energy multi-dimensional evaluation system and calculation of different quality energy in the energy efficiency evaluation of regional integrated energy system. Based on this, this article carries out research on multi-dimensional energy efficiency evaluation index system and evaluation methods. First, this article form quantifiable evaluation indicators from the aspects of energy supply subsystem energy efficiency, energy conversion subsystem energy efficiency, grid energy efficiency, economic benefits and social benefits, and clarify the calculation methods of each evaluation indicator. Then this article calculate the indicator combination weight. Finally, a multi-dimensional energy efficiency assessment method for a regional integrated energy system is proposed, and an example is used to prove the effectiveness of the method.

scholarly journals PENGUATAN HAK BERDAULAT (SOUVEREIGN RIGHT) PADA ZEE INDONESIA DALAM RANGKA PERLINDUNGAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM LAUT

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Indien Winarwati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Economic Zone ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Important Region ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
The Law ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Exploration Exploitation

Sea is a important region for the integrity and unifying, a means of defense and security and foremost as a means of prosperity and welfare of a country due to the potential of the marine resources. Geographically, Indonesia can be termed as a maritime nation. Indonesia has the largest sea area in the world where two-thirds of its territory is waters. Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a maritime area that has the greatest wealth potential. To Regulate, protect and enforce the law in the EEZ, the Indonesian government enacted Law No. 5 of 1983 on the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone. In that regulation, there is a provision on the sovereign rights as contained in the provisions of UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea). Such right is a privilege rights to carry out the exploration, exploitation and conservation of marine resources. To that end, these rights should be used optimally in order to utilize and protect marine resources from illegal fishing by foreign vessels that have been so frequent that it can be utilized for the welfare and prosperity of society.

The Israeli travel and tourism industry faces COVID-19: developing guidelines for facilitating and maintaining a nuanced response and recovery to the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Schmidt ◽  
Alex Altshuler
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
The Government

Purpose This paper aims to discuss how the tourism industry is contending with the economic and interorganizational challenges wrought by the COVID-19 outbreak and heightened by a lack of communication between the government and local businesses in the state of Israel. The researchers examine the dependency of the tourism industry on the general preparation programs that were developed and are currently being deployed by the relevant national stakeholders and question whether instead, it should use the pandemic as a catalyst for formulating its own nuanced tourism-travel-and-hospitality-oriented strategies and procedures. Design/methodology/approach Applying an ethnographic-based mix-methods research approach, this paper draws on insights from data compiled by fusing existing theoretical and emerging practical knowledge with empirical research (qualitative and quantitative) conducted among numerous relevant macro (governmental/centralized industry) and micro (hotels, travel and tourism operators and service providers) stakeholders as well as potential consumers. Findings It is essential that national and local government bodies form collaborative interorganizational relationships with local stakeholders to jointly activate case-specific hospitality and travel-specific risk mitigation management strategies. Moreover, the pandemic laid bare the tentative and fragile nature of the globalized tourism industry supply and demand chains, a condition that may be remedied via a pivot toward using national or even regional supply chains and goods and service providers. Within Israel, such changes could lead to increased economic benefits that extend beyond the tourism industry to provide certain security-related benefits. Originality/value Relating to idiosyncratic factors relevant to an Israeli cultural context, this paper uses the ethnographic field-borne familiarity of the researchers with the tourism and travel industries in Eilat and the Dead Sea to offer applicable suggestions for leveraging certain industry resources to both meet the demands of the present-day circumstances and cultivate a multifaceted organizational web of macro and micro social, economic and environmental networks so as to foster a more diversified and therefore resilient local tourism and travel economy.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimal Allocation of Water Resources Based on the NSGA-2 Algorithm While Considering Intergenerational Equity: A Case Study of the Middle and Upper Reaches of Huaihe River Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9289
Author(s):  
Jitao Zhang ◽  
Zengchuan Dong ◽  
Tian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Intergenerational Equity ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Huaihe River Basin ◽  
Huaihe River ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Equity Model

With the rapid development of society and the economy, the demand for water resources is increasing. This, combined with the increasing competition for water resources between current and future generations, hinders the sustainable development of society. To alleviate prominent water resources problems, achieve sustainable utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of society and economy, a multi-objective optimal water resources allocation model is proposed, in which different water sources and different water departments are considered to achieve the maximum social and economic benefits of the study area on the premise of water resources sustainability. To meet the needs of future generations, the discount value is introduced to measure intergenerational equity. A case study from seven cities in the upper and middle reaches of the Huaihe River Basin is given to verify the practicality and viability of the model. The non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithms-2(NSGA-2) was used to find optimal water resources allocation schemes in 2020 and 2050 under the condition of a hydrological drought year (inflow guarantee rate p = 75%). Compared with previous models, the intergenerational equity model considers the sustainability of water resources, has higher social and economic benefits, and ensures the fair distribution of water resources among generations. According to the results, under balanced weight, the water shortage ratio of the seven cities will decrease from 5.24% in 2050 to 1.58% in 2020, and the economic benefit will increase from 79.46(1010CNY) to 168.3(1010CNY), respectively. In addition, the discount value of economic benefit in 2050 is 80.23(1010CNY), which is still higher than that in 2020. This shows that the water resource allocation scheme can eliminate the disparity between supply and demand for water resources and achieve intergenerational equity. Therefore, the intergenerational equity model can alleviate the contradiction of water resources and realize intergenerational equity.

scholarly journals A Multiobjective Robust Scheduling Optimization Mode for Multienergy Hybrid System Integrated by Wind Power, Solar Photovoltaic Power, and Pumped Storage Power

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Zhang ◽  
He Xin ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Liwei Ju ◽  
Zhongfu Tan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Stochastic Theory ◽  
Stochastic Scheduling ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Scheduling Optimization ◽  
Pumped Storage ◽  
Photovoltaic Generators

Wind power plant (WPP), photovoltaic generators (PV), cell-gas turbine (CGT), and pumped storage power station (PHSP) are integrated into multienergy hybrid system (MEHS). Firstly, this paper presents MEHS structure and constructs a scheduling model with the objective functions of maximum economic benefit and minimum power output fluctuation. Secondly, in order to relieve the uncertainty influence of WPP and PV on system, robust stochastic theory is introduced to describe uncertainty and propose a multiobjective stochastic scheduling optimization mode by transforming constraint conditions with uncertain variables. Finally, a 9.6 MW WPP, a 6.5 MW PV, three CGT units, and an upper reservoir with 10 MW·h equivalent capacity are chosen as simulation system. The results show MEHS system can achieve the best operation result by using the multienergy hybrid generation characteristic. PHSP could shave peak and fill valley of load curve by optimizing pumping storage and inflowing generating behaviors based on the load supply and demand status and the available power of WPP and PV. Robust coefficients can relieve the uncertainty of WPP and PV and provide flexible scheduling decision tools for decision-makers with different risk attitudes by setting different robust coefficients, which could maximize economic benefits and minimize operation risks at the same time.

Coupling Coordination Analysis of Urban Land Intensive Use Benefits Based on TOPSIS Method in Xianning City

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1387-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Qun Wang ◽  
Cheng Shun Song ◽  
Zheng Xiong
Keyword(s):  
General System ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
High Coordination ◽  
Coordination Degree

With the theory and method of general system science, the paper, by taking Xianning City as a case study, established coupling coordination theoretical models of socio-economic benefits and eco-environmental benefits of urban land intensive use, then analyzed socio-economic benefits and eco-environment benefits of urban land intensive use, coupling degree and coupling coordinative degree between urban land intensive use socio-economic and eco-environmental by using the statistical data during 1999-2010. The results showed that: (1) The socio-economic benefits of urban land intensive use increased rapidly, however, the eco-environmental benefits of urban land intensive use increased in a fluctuation; (2) The coupling degrees of urban land intensive use socio-economic benefits and eco-environmental benefits was at an antagonism development stage, the coupling degrees decreased slowly; (3) The coupling coordination degree of urban land intensive use socio-economic benefits and eco-environmental benefits experienced moderate coordination level and high coordination level.

DISPOSAL OF OLD CARS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Графов ◽  
Andrey Grafov ◽  
Аврашков ◽  
Lyev Avrashkov ◽  
Графова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
The Cost

Government program of disposal of old vehicle fleet for the period of 2014-2015 clearly generates economic benefits for owners of old cars and for domestic auto industry companies implementing new motor-vehicles (an increase in sales). However, considerable importance is also the factor of real expansion of raw materials for steel industry, as amortization of scrap old cars (secondary raw materials) acts as the equivalent of primary raw materials, namely cast iron. The price of scrap is almost two times less than the price of cast iron, and consequently, the cost of steel as material-production (material costs - 80%) is significantly reduced. In the present article the economic factors are described that determine feasibility and cost-effectiveness of the use of additional recycled metal resources as a result of realization of Government program of disposal of old cars. The estimation of economic benefit for enterprises of metallurgical complex is given.

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