Risk factors associated with weight gain after kidney transplantation: A cohort study

Background Renal transplantation is the best modality of renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, it is associated with weight gain and metabolic abnormalities, which adversely impact transplant outcomes. Objective The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors of one-year weight gain after renal transplantation. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 374 patients that underwent kidney transplantation between January 2006 and July 2013. Clinical and laboratory variables were collected from electronic records, and the outcome of interest was weight gain during the first year after renal transplantation. The data were reported as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or number of subjects (%). The association between variables were assessed via chi-square test and ANOVA. For analysis of risk factors related to the outcomes of interest, multivariable logistic regression models were used. Results There were 181 (48.4%) female patients, 334 (89.3%) with white ethnicity and the mean age was 44.4 ± 12.8 years. The mean BMI pre-transplant was 24.7 ± 4.1 kg/m2, and 35 (9.9%) patients were classified as obese; 119 (33.6%) as overweight; 187 (52.8%) as normal weight; and 13 (3.7%) as malnourished. After one year of follow-up, the mean BMI was 26.2 ± 5.0 kg/m2, and 61 (17.3%) patients were classified as obese; 133 (37.8%) as overweight; 148 (42.0%) as normal weight; and 10 (2.8%) as malnourished. Weight gain was observed in 72.7% patients, and the average increase was 7.12 ± 5.9 kg. The female gender, lower pre-transplant body weight, lower number of hospitalizations, and a kidney received from a living donor were associated with weight gain by more than 5% in the first year post-transplant. Conclusion Female gender and lower pre-transplant body weight were independently associated with weight gain by more than 5% in the first year after kidney transplantation; lower rates of hospitalization and donation from living donors were also risk factors for this outcome.

Download Full-text

Trends of risk factors in coronary surgery

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1010570m ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 138 (9-10) ◽

pp. 570-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bogoljub Mihajlovic ◽

Svetozar Nicin ◽

Nada Cemerlic-Adjic ◽

Katica Pavlovic ◽

Slobodan Dodic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Emergency Operation ◽

Female Gender ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Neurological Dysfunction ◽

Chi Square ◽

Percutaneous Coronary ◽

The Mean ◽

Cabg Patients

Introduction. In current era of widespread use of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), it is debatable whether coronary artery by-pass graft (CABG) patients are at higher risk. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate trends in risk profile of isolated CABG patients. Methods. By analysing the EuroSCORE and its risk factors, we reviewed a consecutive group of 4675 isolated CABG patients, operated on during the last 8 years (2001-2008) at our Clinic. The number of PCI patients was compared to the number of CABG patients. For statistical analyses, Pearson?s chi-square and ANOVA tests were used. Results. The number of PCI increased from 159 to 1595 (p<0.001), and the number of CABG from 557 to 656 (p<0.001). The mean EuroSCORE increased from 2.74 to 2.92 (p=0.06). The frequency of the following risk factors did not change over years: female gender, previous cardiac surgery, serum creatinine >200?mol/l, left ventricular dysfunction and postinfarct ventricular septal rupture. Chronic pulmonary disease, neurological dysfunction, and unstable pectoral angina declined significantly (p<0.001). Critical preoperative care declined from 3.1% in 2001 to 0.5 % in 2005, than increased and during the last 3 years did not change (2.3%). The mean age increased from 56.8 to 60.7 (p<0.001) and extracardiac arteriopathy increased from 9.2% to 22.9% (p<0.001). Recent preoperative myocardial infarction increased from 11% to 15.1% (p=0.021), while emergency operations increased from 0.9% to 4.0% (p=0.001). Conclusion. The number of CABG increases despite the enlargement of PCI. The risk for isolated CABG given by EuroSCORE increases over years. The risk factors, significantly contributing to higher EuroSCORE are: older age, extracardiac arteriopathy, recent myocardial infarction and emergency operation.

Download Full-text

Studying Risk Factors Association with Osteoporosis in Post Kidney Transplantation Patients

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1807 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 200-206

Author(s):

Angham Ahmed Hasan ◽

Munaf H. Zalzala ◽

Abbas Al-Temimi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Kidney Transplantation ◽

Renal Transplant ◽

Kidney Transplant ◽

Female Gender ◽

Extensive Study ◽

High Rate ◽

T Score ◽

Transplant Patients ◽

Medical City

Osteoporosis that associate with kidney transplantation is an important cause of ‎morbidity to ‎the patients that warranted extensive study about possible causes of ‎osteoporosis in order to ‎implement several steps to reduce this risk. The current work aimed to investigate possible association between post kidney ‎transplant ‎immunosuppression therapy type and developing the ‎osteoporosis and evaluate the bone mass by using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) post-renalal transplant. A case-control, conducted in kidney transplant center – medical city complex for ‎one year period (‎from October ‎‏2018‏‎ till April 2019), Seventy - five kidney ‎transplant patients were participated in the present study ‎including (21 females & ‎‎54 males). All ‎patients were examined for their bone density using DEXA scan (T – score) and ‎those with cut – point ≤- 2.5 were diagnosed as having osteoporosis (lumber and ‎hip bones were examined). The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was significantly higher in ‎transplant patients compared to control for bone lumber and hip bone (for ‎lumber bones: 33.3% vs 2.7%l for hip bones: 60% vs. 14.7%). T score was ‎significantly lower in the transplant patients compared to control for both lumber ‎‎(-1.9‎±0.8 vs. -1.1‎±0.7) and hip bones (-2.3‎±0.9 vs -1.3‎±0.8).‎ In logistic regression analysis; only gender and BMI were the predictors of ‎osteoporosis for spinal bone, while; the BMI and calcium were the predictors ‎of osteoporosis for hip bones. In ‏conclusion, Osteoporosis in post-renal transplant patients have a high rate of ‎osteoporosis compared to the general population, post-renal transplant drugs (Cyclosporine, MMF, etc.) did not increase the ‎risk of osteoporosis, and body mass index and female gender were risk factors for osteoporosis

Download Full-text

Factors associated with early and late failure after goniotomy for primary pediatric glaucoma

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672118805872 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 162-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dina H Hassanein ◽

Ahmed Awadein ◽

Hala Elhilali

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

First Year ◽

Failure Rates ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Pediatric Glaucoma ◽

Late Failure ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

Purpose: To analyze the risk factors associated with early and late failure after goniotomy for primary pediatric glaucoma. Methods: A retrospective study was done on infants who underwent goniotomy as the initial surgical procedure for primary pediatric glaucoma, and had a follow-up period ⩾48 months after surgery. Early and late failures were defined as intraocular pressure ⩾18 mmHg or signs of glaucoma progression before and after the end of first year, respectively. Results: A total of 81 eyes of 47 children were included. The mean age at the time of surgery was 6.1 ± 6.7 months, 34 children (72.3%) were bilateral. The mean follow-up was 5.9 ± 2.8 years. Of the included eyes, 41 eyes (50.6%) showed success, 25 eyes (30.9%) showed an early failure, and 15 eyes (18.5%) showed a late failure. The mean survival time was 43 months. However, only surgery before the end of the first month and positive consanguinity of the parents (P < 0.01 for both) were independent risk factors for early and late failure of goniotomy for primary pediatric glaucoma. Patients with late failure showed a statistically significant lower preoperative intraocular pressure (P = 0.02). A larger preoperative corneal diameter and a male gender were associated with higher but statistically insignificant failure rates. There were no differences in the early or late failure rates between unilateral and bilateral cases. Conclusion: A positive consanguinity of the parents and surgery before the end of the first month are the major predictors of failure of goniotomy.

Download Full-text

Effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc meal on growth and survival of GIFT tilapia

Indian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.21077/ijf.2018.65.1.72074-11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Prabu ◽

C.B.T Rajagopalsamy ◽

B. Ahilan ◽

Jegan Michael Andro Jeevagan ◽

M. Renuhadevi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Efficiency Ratio ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Commercial Diet ◽

Gift Tilapia ◽

The Mean

A 60 days indoor growth trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc meal on growth and survival of juvenile GIFT tilapia. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets (32% crude protein) were prepared using biofloc meal at different inclusion levels viz., 0 (T0), 20 (T1), 30 (T2) and 40% (T3). A commercial diet (T4) was used for comparison. The feeding trial was conducted in 15 nos. of 40 l plastic troughs in triplicate, utilising GIFT tilapias weighing an average of 2 g. During the experimental period, water quality parameters were measured and recorded daily. The mean value of water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, ammonia-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, hardness and alkalinity recorded in the experimental systems were 28.5°C, 8.1, 5.5 ppm, 4.5 ppt, 0.03 ppm, 0.07 ppm, 11 ppm, 630 ppm and 162.5 ppm respectively. Among the biofloc meal enriched diets, diet T1 with 20% biofloc yielded the best results in terms of average body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FER). The mean body weight gain recorded in T1 was 25.28±0.81 g. The results demonstrated that biofloc meal is a potential ingredient that can be incorporated in GIFT tilapia diet at 20% level for better growth performance.

Download Full-text

Abstract 2877: Ultra-early Endovascular Embolization Of Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms Increases The Risk Of Hematoma Growth Unrelated To Aneurysmal Rebleeding

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a2877 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yusuke Egashira ◽

Shinichi Yoshimura ◽

Yukiko Enomoto ◽

Kiyofumi Yamada ◽

Takahiko Asano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cerebral Aneurysms ◽

Female Gender ◽

Endovascular Embolization ◽

Anterior Circulation ◽

Hematoma Growth ◽

Group 3 ◽

The Mean ◽

Systemic Anticoagulation

Background and purpose: Hematoma growth unrelated to aneurysmal rebleeding has been poorly studied, but is not a rare complication following endovascular embolization of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible risk factors for this phenomenon. Methods: We included 101 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who underwent endosaccular embolization at our institution within 72 hours of symptom onset in this study. All endovascular procedures were conducted under intraprocedural systemic anticoagulation. Age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, preoperative antiplatelet or anticoagulation use, neurological grade, Fisher computed tomography group, location and size of the aneurysm, the grade of aneurysm occlusion, and timing of endovascular procedure were retrospectively analyzed to find the risk factors for hematoma growth. Results: This series included 32 men (31.7%) and 69 women (68.3%), and the mean age ± SD was 65.5 ± 14.0 years. The mean time ± SD from onset to endovascular procedure was 12.1 ± 14.0 hours. Following the procedure, hematoma growth unrelated to aneurysmal rebleeding occurred in 14 patients (13.9%), and 10 of the 14 patients required surgical removal of hematoma and/or ventriculostomy to control intracranial pressure. All 14 patients had an anterior circulation aneurysm and had Fisher group 3 or 4 SAH. Ultra-early embolization (conducted within 6 hours after onset), female gender, history of hypertension, and poor neurological grade (WFNS grades 4 and 5) were significant risk factors of hematoma growth (p < 0.05 for all) by the univariate logistic analysis. In multivariate analysis, ultra-early embolization (OR, 18.0; 95% CI, 3.26-338; p = 0.0002), and female gender (OR, 9.83; 95% CI, 1.73-187; p = 0.0067) were independent risk factors for this phenomenon. Anterior circulation aneurysm and Fisher group 3 or 4 SAH did not suit for the logistic regression model, but were found to be significant risk factors by chi-square test (p = 0.018 and 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: Ultra-early endovascular embolization for ruptured cerebral aneurysm under systemic anticoagulation increases the risk of growth of hematomas unrelated to aneurysmal rebleeding. In addition, women with anterior circulation aneurysm presenting with dense focal SAH or intracerebral hematoma are at higher risk for this phenomenon.

Download Full-text

STUDIES ON FOLIC ACID IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.33.4.507 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 507-511

Author(s):

Yehuda Matoth ◽

Ariela Pinkas ◽

Rina Zamir ◽

Fouad Mooallem ◽

Nathan Grossowicz

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Folinic Acid ◽

Economic Status ◽

Mean Value ◽

First Year ◽

Mean Values ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Initial Drop ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year

The level of folic and folinic acid in whole blood was assayed in 373 healthy infants from birth to one year. Folic acid was high at birth and dropped gradually over the first 8 postnatal weeks. The mean value for the remainder of the first year was significantly below the adult mean. Folinic acid was likewise high at birth and dropped parallel with the folic acid. However, following the initial drop, folinic acid mean values remained well above the adult mean. Folic and folinic acid values were higher in breast-fed than in artificially fed infants and lower in infants whose economic status was poor than in babies belonging to families of higher income.

Download Full-text

Statistical Evaluation of Total Energy Intake Based on the Number of Food Portions and Body Weight

International Journal of Nutritional Sciences ◽

10.26420/intjnutrsci.2021.1054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rousset S ◽

◽

Médard S ◽

Fleury G ◽

Fardet A ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Total Energy ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Test Sample ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Total Energy Intake ◽

Validation Dataset ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

The Mean

The evaluation of food intake based on various assessment methods is critical and underreporting is frequent. The aim of the study was to develop an indirect statistical method of the total energy intake estimation based on gender, weight and the number of portions. Energy intake prediction was developed and evaluated for validity using energy expenditure measurements given by the WellBeNet app. A total of 190 volunteers with various BMIs were recruited and assigned either in the train or the test sample. The mean energy provided by a portion was evaluated by linear regression models from the train sample. The absolute values of the error between the energy intake estimation and the energy expenditure measurement were calculated for each volunteer, by subgroup and for the whole group. The performance of the models was determined using the validation dataset. As the number of portions is the only variable used in the model, the error was 30.7% and 26.5% in the train and test sample. After adding body weight in the model, the error in absolute value decreased to 8.8% and 10.8% for the normal-weight women and men, and 11.7% and 12.8% for the overweight female and male volunteers, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that a statistical approach and knowledge of the usual number of portions and body weight is effective and sufficient to obtain a precise evaluation of energy intake (about 10% of error) after a simple and brief enquiry.

Download Full-text

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Bloodstream Infection Within the First Year After Kidney Transplantation

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.amjms.2020.10.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Napadol Siritip ◽

Arkom Nongnuch ◽

Thanate Dajsakdipon ◽

Charat Thongprayoon ◽

Wisit Cheungprasitporn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Kidney Transplantation ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

First Year

Download Full-text

Determining Risk Factors for the Development of Temporomandibular Disorders during Orthodontic Treatment

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10228216 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (22) ◽

pp. 8216

Author(s):

Alessandro Ugolini ◽

Federico Garbarino ◽

Luca Di Vece ◽

Francesca Silvestrini-Biavati ◽

Valentina Lanteri

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Myofascial Pain ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Female Gender ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Disc Displacement ◽

One Year

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) represent a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology. Despite several studies on the subject, a causal relationship between orthodontic treatment and different forms of TMD has not been established. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of orthodontic treatment on two aspects of TMD: myofascial pain and disc displacement. This retrospective cohort study followed 224 orthodontic adult patients at three points in time: before treatment (T0), immediately after treatment (T1), and one year after treatment (T2). Disc displacement and myofascial pain were evaluated through a clinical assessment and with a semi-structured interview, along with headache, neck, and shoulder pain parameters and behavioral and somatic accompanying symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors that could influence the development of TMD in these patients. There was a non-significant increase in disc displacement during orthodontic treatment, which mostly resolved after completion of treatment. Myofascial pain scores worsened during treatment, but improved when compared with the baseline once treatment was complete (T0 = 51.3%, T1 = 64.6%, T2 = 44.9%). Female gender (aOR = 1.9, CI 95%, 1.23–2.36), the presence of somatic symptoms (aOR = 3.6, CI 95%, 2.01–5.84), and symptoms of anxiety or depression (aOR = 2.2, CI 95%, 1.14–4.51) were significant risk factors associated with the development of TMD. There is a low and not significant risk of TMD development during orthodontic treatment. When TMD occurred, they resolved within 1 year of the end of treatment.

Download Full-text

High-fat and low-fat (behavioural) phenotypes: biology or environment?

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665199001056 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 773-777 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

John E. Blundell ◽

John Cooling

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Weight Gain ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Positive Energy ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Conceptual Tool

It is now widely accepted that obesity develops by way of genetic mechanisms conferring specific dispositions which interact with strong environmental pressures. It is also accepted that certain dispositions constitute metabolic risk factors for weight gain. It is less well accepted that certain patterns of behaviour (arising from biological demands or environmental influences) put individuals at risk of developing a positive energy balance and weight gain (behavioural risk factors). Relevant patterns of behaviour include long-lasting habits for selecting and eating particular types of foods. Such habits define two distinct groups characterized as high-fat (HF) and low-fat (LF) phenotypes. These habits are important because of the attention given to dietary macronutrients in body-weight gain and the worldwide epidemic of obesity. Considerable evidence indicates that the total amount of dietary fat consumed remains the most potent food-related risk factor for weight gain. However, although habitual intake of a high-fat diet is a behavioural risk factor for obesity, it does not constitute a biological inevitability. A habitual low-fat diet does seem to protect against the development of obesity, but a high-fat diet does not guarantee that an individual will be obese. Although obesity is much more prevalent among HF than LF, some HF are lean with BMI well within the normal range. The concept of 'different routes to obesity' through a variety of nutritional scenarios can be envisaged, with predisposed individuals varying in their susceptibility to different dietary inputs. In a particular subgroup of individuals (young adult males) HF and LF displayed quite different profiles of appetite control, response to nutrient challenges and physiological measures, including BMR, RQ, heart rate, plasma leptin levels and thermogenic responses to fat and carbohydrate meals. These striking differences suggest that HF and LF can be used as a conceptual tool to investigate the relationship between biology and the environment (diet) in the control of body weight.

Download Full-text