scholarly journals From e-voucher to genomic data: Preserving archive specimens as demonstrated with medically important mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and kissing bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247068
Author(s):  
Silvia Andrade Justi ◽  
John Soghigian ◽  
David B. Pecor ◽  
Laura Caicedo-Quiroga ◽  
Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Taxonomic Impediment ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Nucleotide Database ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Scientific Collections ◽  
Archived Specimens ◽  
The U.S

Scientific collections such as the U.S. National Museum (USNM) are critical to filling knowledge gaps in molecular systematics studies. The global taxonomic impediment has resulted in a reduction of expert taxonomists generating new collections of rare or understudied taxa and these large historic collections may be the only reliable source of material for some taxa. Integrated systematics studies using both morphological examinations and DNA sequencing are often required for resolving many taxonomic issues but as DNA methods often require partial or complete destruction of a sample, there are many factors to consider before implementing destructive sampling of specimens within scientific collections. We present a methodology for the use of archive specimens that includes two crucial phases: 1) thoroughly documenting specimens destined for destructive sampling—a process called electronic vouchering, and 2) the pipeline used for whole genome sequencing of archived specimens, from extraction of genomic DNA to assembly of putative genomes with basic annotation. The process is presented for eleven specimens from two different insect subfamilies of medical importance to humans: Anophelinae (Diptera: Culicidae)—mosquitoes and Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)—kissing bugs. Assembly of whole mitochondrial genome sequences of all 11 specimens along with the results of an ortholog search and BLAST against the NCBI nucleotide database are also presented.

scholarly journals Reptile diversity of Sinos River Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Fernanda Moser ◽  
Fernanda Rodrigues de Avila ◽  
Roberto Baptista de Oliveira ◽  
Juliano Morales de Oliveira ◽  
Márcio Borges-Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Human Population Density ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Scientific Collections

Abstract This work aimed to catalog the species of reptiles of the Sinos River Basin based on records from scientific collections and data collected in the field. We recorded 65 species, including 46 snakes, nine lizards, five turtles, four amphisbaenians and one caiman. Snakes composed most of the recorded specimens (91.3%), and the three most representative are venomous and of medical importance. The most urban region of the basin (Lowland) has the highest number of records. This fact may be a reflection of the high human population density in this region, which would have favored the encounter of specimens and their sending to scientific collections and research centers. It is worth highlighting that most species with few specimens in the collections are also rarely observed in the wild, such as Clelia hussani and Urostrophus vautieri. This observation makes it feasible that these populations are small or that they are declining.

Is it Ethical to Use Mechanical Turk for Behavioral Research? Relevant Data from a Representative Survey of MTurk Participants and Wages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J Moss ◽  
Cheskie Rosenzweig ◽  
Jonathan Robinson ◽  
Leib Litman
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Research ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Traditional Work ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
The U.S

To understand human behavior, social scientists need people and data. In the last decade, Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) emerged as a flexible, affordable, and reliable source of human participants and was widely adopted by academics. Yet despite MTurk’s utility, some have questioned whether researchers should continue using the platform on ethical grounds. The brunt of their concern is that people on MTurk are financially insecure, subjected to abuse, and earning inhumane wages. We investigated these issues with two random and representative surveys of the U.S. MTurk population (N = 4,094). The surveys revealed: 1) the financial situation of people on MTurk mirrors the general population, 2) the vast majority of people do not find MTurk stressful or requesters abusive, and 3) MTurk offers flexibility and benefits that most people value above more traditional work. In addition, people reported it is possible to earn about 9 dollars per hour and said they would not trade the flexibility of MTurk for less than 25 dollars per hour. Altogether, our data are important for assessing whether MTurk is an ethical place for behavioral research. We close with ways researchers can promote wage equity, ensuring MTurk is a place for affordable, high-quality, and ethical data.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Three Fusarium circinatum Isolates Used To Inoculate a Pedigreed Population of Pinus elliottii Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Fulton ◽  
Jose C. Huguet-Tapia ◽  
Stephanie M. Adams ◽  
Nicholas S. Dufault ◽  
Tania Quesada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Average Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT Here, we announce the draft genome sequences of three Fusarium circinatum isolates that were used to inoculate slash pines (Pinus elliottii) at the U.S. Forest Service Resistance Screening Center in Asheville, North Carolina. The genomes of these isolates were similar to other publicly available genomes, with average nucleotide identity values of >0.98.

Manila Prepares for Independence

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-110
Author(s):  
Jane H. Hong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
National Citizenship ◽  
The U.S

Drawing from U.S. and Philippine archives, this chapter places Filipina/o advocates in conversation with Filipina/o Americans and their allies in the 1940s campaign to pass a Philippine citizenship bill. Philippine officials took up the legislative cause in order to prepare for what they feared would be the catastrophic financial costs of national independence from U.S. colonial rule. They hoped to cultivate Filipina/o Americans as a reliable source of remittances and other support sent from the United States to the islands. Manila’s role in the Washington-based naturalization campaign thus exemplified Philippine officials’ instrumental understanding of the U.S. citizenship bill as a means to achieve their own national goals. It also reflected their flexible view of national citizenship. Through their support of naturalization rights, Manila officials sought to inculcate in Filipina/o Americans a sense of responsibility to the islands that transcended a formal legal status alone. Viewed from Asia, then, Manila’s campaigning for the Luce-Celler bill can be seen as an act of Philippine state-building intended to safeguard and promote the islands’ economic welfare and stability after independence.

scholarly journals Fifty-Six Draft Genome Sequences of 10 Lactobacillus Species from 22 Commercial Dietary Supplements

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanthi Gangiredla ◽  
Tammy J. Barnaba ◽  
Mark K. Mammel ◽  
David W. Lacher ◽  
Christopher A. Elkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The U.S

Here, we present the genome sequences of 56 isolates of 10 species of the genus Lactobacillus that are considered beneficial components of the gut microbiota. The isolates examined were found in commercially available dietary supplements in the U.S.

Historical Introduction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
R. D. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This program has been organized by the EMSA to commensurate the 50th anniversary of the experimental verification of the wave nature of the electron. Davisson and Germer in the U.S. and Thomson and Reid in Britian accomplished this at about the same time. Their findings were published in Nature in 1927 by mutual agreement since their independent efforts had led to the same conclusion at about the same time. In 1937 Davisson and Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for demonstrating the wave nature of the electron deduced in 1924 by Louis de Broglie.The Davisson experiments (1921-1927) were concerned with the angular distribution of secondary electron emission from nickel surfaces produced by 150 volt primary electrons. The motivation was the effect of secondary emission on the characteristics of vacuum tubes but significant deviations from the results expected for a corpuscular electron led to a diffraction interpretation suggested by Elasser in 1925.

Variations in Surface Textures of Quartz Sand using Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Eugene J. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Sand Deposit ◽  
The U.S

Examination of sand grain surfaces from early Paleozoic sandstones by electron microscopy reveals a variety of secondary effects caused by rock-forming processes after final deposition of the sand. Detailed studies were conducted on both coarse (≥0.71mm) and fine (=0.25mm) fractions of St. Peter Sandstone, a widespread sand deposit underlying much of the U.S. Central Interior and used in the glass industry because of its remarkably high silica purity.The very friable sandstone was disaggregated and sieved to obtain the two size fractions, and then cleaned by boiling in HCl to remove any iron impurities and rinsed in distilled water. The sand grains were then partially embedded by sprinkling them onto a glass slide coated with a thin tacky layer of latex. Direct platinum shadowed carbon replicas were made of the exposed sand grain surfaces, and were separated by dissolution of the silica in HF acid.

The Effects of Estradiol on Chronically Damaged Human Fallopian Tubes: A SEM Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
A. Toledo ◽  
G. Stoelk ◽  
M. Yussman ◽  
R.P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Secretory Cell ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Cyclic Patterns ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The U.S

Today it is estimated that one of every three women in the U.S. will have problems achieving pregnancy. 20-30% of these women will have some form of oviductal problems as the etiology of their infertility. Chronically damaged oviducts present problems with loss of both ciliary and microvillar epithelial cell surfaces. Estradiol is known to influence cyclic patterns in secretory cell microvilli and tubal ciliogenesis, The purpose of this study was to assess whether estrogen therapy could stimulate ciliogenesis in chronically damaged human fallopian tubes.Tissues from large hydrosalpinges were obtained from six women undergoing tuboplastic repair while in the early proliferative phase of fheir menstrual cycle. In each case the damaged tissue was rinsed in heparinized Ringers-lactate and quartered.

Antitrust: U.S. Supreme Court Affirms FTC Jurisdiction but Vacates Scope of Analysis on CDA Policy

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Zakhary
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Federal Trade Commission ◽  
Ninth Circuit ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Rule Of Reason ◽  
Antitrust Analysis ◽  
Business Financing ◽  
The U.S

In California Dental Association v. FTC, 119 S. Ct. 1604 (1999), the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that a nonprofit affiliation of dentists violated section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTCA), 15 U.S.C.A. § 45 (1998), which prohibits unfair competition. The Court examined two issues: (1) the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) jurisdiction over the California Dental Association (CDA); and (2) the proper scope of antitrust analysis. The Court unanimously held that CDA was subject to FTC's jurisdiction, but split 5-4 in its finding that the district court's use of abbreviated rule-of-reason analysis was inappropriate.CDA is a voluntary, nonprofit association of local dental societies. It boasts approximately 19,000 members, who constitute roughly threequarters of the dentists practicing in California. Although a nonprofit, CDA includes for-profit subsidiaries that financially benefit CDA members. CDA gives its members access to insurance and business financing, and lobbies and litigates on their behalf. Members also benefit from CDA marketing and public relations campaigns.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document