scholarly journals Composition of nanoclay supported silver nanoparticles in furtherance of mitigating cytotoxicity and genotoxicity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247531
Author(s):  
Chih-Hao Chang ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Lee ◽  
Zhen-Hao Liao ◽  
Mark Hung-Chih Chen ◽  
Fu-Chuo Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Geometric Dimension ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Mtt Tests

Silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) is well known for its high antibacterial efficacy. However, its toxicity toward mammalian cells is still a concern in clinical applications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the composition effects of Ag-NP supported by silicate nanoplatelet (NSP) with respect to the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and was in reference to the poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-supported Ag-NP (Ag-NP/SMA). The NSP at the geometric dimension of averaged 80 x 80 x 1 nm3 was prepared from the exfoliation of natural clays and used to support different weight ratio of Ag-NP. The supporting limitation of NSP on Ag-NP was below the weight ratio of 15/85 (Ag-NP to NSP), and the detached Ag-NP from the Ag-NP/NSP (30/70) and Ag-NP/SMA hybrids were observed by TEM. Ames test was performed to assess the mutagenic potential of different compositions of Ag-NP/NSP, only Ag-NP/NSP (30/70) and Ag-NP/SMA hybrids exhibited mutagenicity when the concentration was 1.09 ppm or higher. In viewing of cytotoxicity using MTT tests toward HaCaT cells, the IC30 of Ag-NP/NSP (1/99, 7/93 and 15/85) were 1416.7, 243.6, and 148.9 ppm respectively, while Ag-NP/SMA was 64.8 ppm. The IC30 of Ag-NP/NSP (1/99, 7/93 and 15/85) were at least 833, 78 and 7 folds higher than their corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) respectively, and whereas Ag-NP/SMA was 6.4 folds. The Ag-NP/NSP and Ag-NP/SMA hybrids had been further investigated for genotoxicity by chromosomal aberrations and in vivo micronucleus assay within the concentration at IC10 and IC30, only Ag-NP/SMA showed a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Our findings indicated that the viability of utilizing the NSP to maintain Ag-NP for antimicrobial activity, and the high-surface area of NSP served as an excellent support for associating Ag-NP and consequently rendering the mitigation of the inherent toxicity of Ag-NP in clinical uses.

scholarly journals Anticancer Compounds Derived from Marine Diatoms

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Ali Hussein ◽  
Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Nano Medicine

Cancer is the main cause of death worldwide, so the discovery of new and effective therapeutic agents must be urgently addressed. Diatoms are rich in minerals and secondary metabolites such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, esters, acyl lipids, sterols, proteins, and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds have been reported as potent anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial agents. Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic organisms, which are important in the biogeochemical circulation of silica, nitrogen, and carbon, attributable to their short growth-cycle and high yield. The biosilica of diatoms is potentially effective as a carrier for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy due to its high surface area, nano-porosity, bio-compatibility, and bio-degradability. In vivo studies have shown no significant symptoms of tissue damage in animal models, suggesting the suitability of a diatoms-based system as a safe nanocarrier in nano-medicine applications. This review presents an overview of diatoms’ microalgae possessing anti-cancer activities and the potential role of the diatoms and biosilica in the delivery of anticancer drugs. Diatoms-based antibodies and vitamin B12 as drug carriers are also elaborated.

Surface Hardness Modify and Improve Wear Properties of EP\ NanoZrO2

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Fadhil K. Farhan ◽  
Aws Abbas Hussein ◽  
Ali Q. Tuama
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Dioxide Powder

The liquid and mechanical mixing method was used in addition to ultrasound technology to prepare samples according to standard conditions. The percentage of cementing with ceramic powder was adopted from 1% to 4% as a weight ratio, and by using mixing drivers, nanocomposites were prepared depending on the theoretical density of the components. The velvet density was measured using Archimedes' method, and the results showed a successive improvement and increase in density with the weight ratio of addition. The results of the particulate hardness test showed a significant improvement in the results of the prepared nanostructures compared to the base sample (pure epoxy). With regard to the properties of wear resistance (wear modulus) using the screw-on-disk method, the cemented samples showed a higher wear resistance compared to the base sample. The results were interpreted based on the values of density and hardness in addition to the properties possessed by the ceramic powder of high surface area and average granular size of 32 nanometers through scanning electron microscopy. In this work, nanostructures based on (a polymer) supported with nanoscale zirconium dioxide powder were developed.

Fabrication of Hybrid Cell-Microbead Constructs Using Laser Direct-Write of Alginate Microbeads and Adherent Breast Cancer Cells

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Dias ◽  
David M. Kingsley ◽  
Douglas B. Chrisey ◽  
David T. Corr
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Laser Direct Write

Microbeads are becoming popular tools in tissue engineering as 3D microstructure hydrogels. The gel nature of microbeads enables them to sequester soluble factors and mammalian cells, and their high surface area-to-volume ratio allows diffusion between the bead and the environment [1,2]. Microbeads are thus good systems for drug delivery and can serve as 3D microenvironments for cells. To fully maximize their potential as delivery systems and microenvironments, it is highly desirable to create spatially-precise hybrid cultures of microbeads and mammalian cells. Precise placement of microbeads in proximity to patterned cells will allow the study of spatial cellular interactions, paracrine signaling, and drug delivery.

Recent Advances in the Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2705-2741
Author(s):  
Maria Monteserín ◽  
Silvia Larumbe ◽  
Alejandro V. Martínez ◽  
Saioa Burgui ◽  
L. Francisco Martín
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Biomedical Field

The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles have led them to be considered materials with significant potential in the biomedical field. Nanometric size, high surface-area ratio, ability to function at molecular level, exceptional magnetic and physicochemical properties, and more importantly, the relatively easy tailoring of all these properties to the specific requirements of the different biomedical applications, are some of the key factors of their success. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the state of the art of different aspects of magnetic nanoparticles, specially focusing on their use in biomedicine. We will explore their magnetic properties, synthetic methods and surface modifications, as well as their most significative physicochemical properties and their impact on the in vivo behaviour of these particles. Furthermore, we will provide a background on different applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine, such as magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, imaging contrast agents or theranostics. Besides, current limitations and challenges of these materials, as well as their future prospects in the biomedical field will be discussed.

scholarly journals Measurement of density and wetness in snow using time-domain reflectometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schneebeli ◽  
Cécile Coléou ◽  
François Touvier ◽  
Bernard Lesaffre
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Intense Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Pockets

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is widely used in soil physics to determine water content. Existing equipment and methods ran be adapted to measurements of snow wetness. The main advantages compared to other methods are flexibility in constructing sensors, minimal influence on snow cover during measurements and sensors can be multiplexed. We developed sensors suitable for continuous and non-continuous measurements of snow wetness and density, measured the apparent permittivity in different snow densities and snow types, and compared the measurements to existing mixing formulas for mixtures of snow and air. In dry snow, density was measured from 110 to 470 kg m−3. The residual error is 14 kg m −3 and the 95% confidence interval of our model is 3 kg m−3. To measure snow density and wetness continuously suitable sensors have been constructed. Their small size and high surface area to weight ratio minimizes their movement in the snowpack, except when they are exposed to intense solar radiation. Results show that changes in dry-snow density of less than 5 kgm−3 can be detected. Infiltration of even small amounts of water clearly shows up in the permittivity. At the surface of the snowpack, problems occur due to the formation of air pockets around the sensors during long-term measurements.

scholarly journals An openwork like structures of polylactide – manufacturing and properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Sobczyk ◽  
Karol Leluk
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fiber Morphology

Poly(lactic acid) electrospinning tests were carried out under various process conditions. Openwork structures with a high surface area to weight ratio have been obtained. Changing the parameters of the PLA electrospinning process resulted in products with different fiber morphology.

scholarly journals Measurement of density and wetness in snow using time-domain reflectometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schneebeli ◽  
Cécile Coléou ◽  
François Touvier ◽  
Bernard Lesaffre
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Intense Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Pockets

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is widely used in soil physics to determine water content. Existing equipment and methods ran be adapted to measurements of snow wetness. The main advantages compared to other methods are flexibility in constructing sensors, minimal influence on snow cover during measurements and sensors can be multiplexed. We developed sensors suitable for continuous and non-continuous measurements of snow wetness and density, measured the apparent permittivity in different snow densities and snow types, and compared the measurements to existing mixing formulas for mixtures of snow and air. In dry snow, density was measured from 110 to 470 kg m−3. The residual error is 14 kg m −3 and the 95% confidence interval of our model is 3 kg m−3. To measure snow density and wetness continuously suitable sensors have been constructed. Their small size and high surface area to weight ratio minimizes their movement in the snowpack, except when they are exposed to intense solar radiation. Results show that changes in dry-snow density of less than 5 kgm−3 can be detected. Infiltration of even small amounts of water clearly shows up in the permittivity. At the surface of the snowpack, problems occur due to the formation of air pockets around the sensors during long-term measurements.

In vitro and preliminary in vivo toxicity screening of high-surface-area TiO2–chondroitin-4-sulfate nanocomposites for bone regeneration application

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Kandiah ◽  
Rajendran Venkatachalam ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Suresh Valiyaveettil ◽  
Kumaresan Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

scholarly journals Basic Potential of Carbon Nanotubes in Tissue Engineering Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisao Haniu ◽  
Naoto Saito ◽  
Yoshikazu Matsuda ◽  
Tamotsu Tsukahara ◽  
Yuki Usui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Biological Responses

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attracting interest in various fields of science because they possess a high surface area-to-volume ratio and excellent electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties. Various medical applications of CNTs are expected, and the properties of CNTs have been greatly improved for use in biomaterials. However, the safety of CNTs remains unclear, which impedes their medical application. Our group is evaluating the biological responses of multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs)in vivoandin vitrofor the promotion of tissue regeneration as safe scaffold materials. We recently showed that intracellular accumulation is important for the cytotoxicity of CNTs, and we reported the active physiological functions CNTs in cells. In this review, we describe the effects of CNTsin vivoandin vitroobserved by our group from the standpoint of tissue engineering, and we introduce the findings of other research groups.

scholarly journals REVERSE MICROEMULSION OF IGEPAL Co-720 SYSTEM AS MICROREACTOR FOR CdS SYNTHESIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Fitria Rahmawati ◽  
Indah Rizki Fitriani ◽  
Abu Masykur
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Reverse Microemulsion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Regular Form ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance

<p>A Research on CdS synthesis in reverse microemulsion of Igepal CO-720 system has been conducted at various weight ratio of water to surfactant. Igepal CO-720 naturally forms  oil  in  water  (o/w)  emulsion  type  due  to  its  high  HLB  (Hydrophilic -Lipophilic Balance)  value.  Therefore,  in  this  research  the  Igepal  CO-720  system  was  inversed  into water  in  oil  (w/o)  system  before  it  was  used  as  microreactor  for  CdS  synthesis.  As comparison,  a  system  of  AOT  (Aerosol  OT;  sodium  bis (2-ethylhexyl)  sulfosuccinate) which  is  naturally  w/o  system  was  also  used  as  microreactor  for  CdS  synthesis.  The prepared  CdS  was  analyzed  by  X-ray  diffraction  for  crystal  identification,  scanning electron microscope for morphological analysis, UV-Vis for absorption edge determination and  photoelectrochemical  testing  for  photoactivity.  The  results  show that the  Igepal  CO -720  system can  be  inverted  into  w/o  system  and  can  be  used  as  microreactor  for  CdS synthesis. The prepared CdS is in nanosize with the average diameter of 2.517  ±  0.014 nm and  the  average  gap  energy  of  3.805  ±  0.178  eV.  The  prepared  CdS  in  Igepal  CO-720 system has less regular form in comparison with morphology of the prepared CdS in AOT system. As the ω  values decreases the particle diameter decreases, the gap energy increases and the %  IPCE increases. It indicates that high surfactant concentration allows small size micelles  formation  and  produced  smaller  CdS  particle  that  has  high  surface  area  and therefore  provide  higher  photocatalytic  activity  which  was  indicated  by  high  value  of  its % IPCE.</p>

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