scholarly journals “This is not my body”: Therapeutic experiences and post-treatment health of people with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0251482
Author(s):  
Marian Loveday ◽  
Sindisiwe Hlangu ◽  
Lee-Megan Larkan ◽  
Helen Cox ◽  
Johnny Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Current Health Care System

Background There are few data on the on post-treatment experiences of people who have been successfully treated for rifampicin-resistant (RR-)TB. Objective To describe the experiences and impact of RR-TB disease and therapy on post-treatment life of individuals who were successfully treated. Methods In this qualitative study in-depth interviews were conducted among a purposively selected sample from a population of individuals who were successfully treated for RR-TB between January 2008 and December 2018. Interview transcripts and notes were analysed using a thematic network analysis which included grounded theory and a framework for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms for post-TB morbidity and mortality. The analysis was iterative and the coding system developed focused on disease, treatment and post-treatment experiences of individuals. This paper follows the COREQ guidelines. Results For all 12 participants interviewed, the development of RR-TB disease, its diagnosis and the subsequent treatment were a major disruption to their lives as well as a transformative experience. On diagnosis of RR-TB disease, participants entered a liminal period in which their lives were marked with uncertainty and dominated by physical and mental suffering. Irrespective of how long ago they had completed their treatment, they all remembered with clarity the signs and symptoms of the disease and the arduous treatment journey. Post-treatment participants reported physical, social, psychological and economic changes as consequences of their RR-TB disease and treatment. Many participants reported a diminished ability to perform physical activities and, once discharged from the RR-TB hospital, inadequate physical rehabilitation. For some, these physical limitations impacted on their social life, and ultimately on their psychological health as well as on their ability to earn money and support their families. Conclusion The experiences and impact of RR-TB disease and therapy on post-treatment life of individuals successfully treated, highlights gaps in the current health care system that need to be addressed to improve the life of individuals post-treatment. A more holistic and long-term view of post-TB health, including the provision of comprehensive medical and social services for post-treatment care of physical ailments, social re-integration and the mitigation of the perceived fear and risk of getting TB again could be a central part of person-centred TB care.

scholarly journals Evaluating interventions with victims of intimate partner violence: a community psychology approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Albanesi ◽  
Carlo Tomasetto ◽  
Veronica Guardabassi
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is one of the most common forms of domestic violence, with profound implication for women's physical and psychological health. In this text we adopted the Empowerment Process Model (EPM) by Cattaneo and Goodman (Psychol Violence 5(1):84–94) to analyse interventions provided to victims of IPV by a Support Centre for Women (SCW) in Italy, and understand its contribution to women’s empowerment. Method We conducted semi-structured interviews with ten women who had been enrolled in a program for IPV survivors at a SCW in the past three years. The interviews focused on the programs’ aims, actions undertaken to reach them, and the impact on the women’s lives, and were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Results Results showed that the interventions provided by the SWC were adapted according to women's needs. In the early phases, women’s primary aim was ending violence, and the intervention by the SCW was deemed as helpful to the extent it provided psychological support, protection and safe housing. Women’s aims subsequently moved to self-actualisation and economic and personal independence which required professional training, internships, and social support. Although satisfying the majority of the women’s expectations, other important needs (e.g., economic support or legal services) were poorly addressed, and cooperation with other services (e.g., police or social services) was sometimes deemed as critical. Conclusions By evaluating a program offered by a SCW to IPV survivors through the lens of the EPM model, we found that women deemed the program as effective when both individual resources and empowerment processes were promoted. Strengths, limitations and implications are discussed.

The complexity of social work at hospitals during the pandemic in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Anna Bocheńska-Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Protection Legislation

Social work is also an indispensable pillar in the healthcare of patients in hospitals (Homfeldt, 2012, p. 489). Hospital social services support patients in processing stressful diagnoses and coping with the consequences of diseases (Gödecker-Geenen, 2005, p. 19). Due to the current development of problem situations and the current structure of health and social care, social work is gaining more and more importance (Schaub, 2008, p. 17; Hofmann, 2004, p. 413). Demographic changes result in an increase in the number of elderly people and a steady increase in their life expectancy. The lack of family or financial resources creates gaps in the supply of hospital social services (Meyer, 2019, p. 9). However, the change in the spectrum of health risks and diseases from predominantly acute to chronic ones, justifies the importance of social work in these facilities (Schaub, 2008, p. 17; Lützenkirchen, 2005, pp. 10–14). The Covid-19 pandemic presents a particular challenge that has spread around the world since late 2019. It affects all areas of life and life situations (Schmitt, 2020, p. 177). Protective measures to contain the virus, such as mass gathering prohibitions, contact restrictions, minimum distance regulations, hygiene measures and masks, determine daily and social life. Preventing visits from relatives, pastors and social workers puts a new light on the holistic view of health and the disease and its social determinants (Kröll et al., 2020, pp. 7–38). Infection protection legislation also restricts community services from interacting with patients and hospital staff. Work processes and communication must change, and existing systems must be redesigned (Truell, 2020).

USLUGE HUMANITARNIH ORGANIZACIJA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Bataveljić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Basic Program ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Countries In Transition

The author of this work point to the fact that humanitarian organizations are the part of non-profit sector which are established and work in order to achieve general welfare of the individuals, particular social groups or society in whole. What is important to emphasize is that they belong to so called, voluntary sector whose work is transparent and is based on the laws of the country in which they operate. Each humanitarian organization has its own strategic plan, which as a written document, is aimed at achieving basic program goals. The monitoring of the implementation of adopted projects and the control of the management process are the mandatory (final) phases of their work. Humanitarian organizations as the part of non-state sector today play increasing role in offering services in various fields of social life to a wide range of beneficiaries. 0 It is interesting to note that these organizations are more present in developing countries and the countries in transition, particularly in the field of social services. The grounds for this situation can be found in the decentralization process and new, modified apprehension of the role of the state in the work of the growing number humanitarian organizations and movements. Namely, decentralization allows the delegation of powers and tasks from the central to local government levels and this is the main reason for rapid expansion of non-government sector on the global level and increasing participation of non-government sector in service providing.

Transforming Violence to Nonviolence

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-68
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
White Male ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Violent Acts

America can be a violent place. This country has a diverse population with a plethora of social problems including a significant level of violence that occurs in families, schools, churches, and other elements of society. Violence results in significant costs to family relationships, crime, health care, social services, education, race, religion and public policy. There have been many high-profile cases of violence especially mass shootings. On June 17, 2015 Dylan Roof, a young white male, fatally wounded 9 people at a church in Charleston, South Carolina. What causes such violent acts? Are males more violent than females? What can be done to address the problem of violence? Violence often leads to more violence. Can a violent act, such as the Charleston shooting result in a transformative experience and outcome where the response offers lessons for a vision for nonviolence?

“Green Infrastructure” Concept as an Effective Medium to Manipulating Sustainable Urban Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 1358-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Planning History ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Metropolitan Cities

This chapter aims at exploring and conceptualizing green infrastructure (GI) as a comprehensive system in planning schemes of metropolitan cities such as Melbourne (Australia) and Izmir (Türkiye). Urban open space network(s) and its further step, “GI,” stretches out from the urban core through its periphery. This requires investigation of the planning hierarchy between metropolitan planning and urban design with a focus on connectivity and urban sustainability. Supporting and managing physical development, modes of transportation, and social life, GI provides ecological and social services to cities in pursuit of sustainable development. Following the scrutiny of Melbourne’s GI and its relevance to the planning history, this work undertakes a comparative analysis between Melbourne and Izmir in order to address the development of a metropolitan GI system for these cities. Such an approach would support policies and strategies relating to sustainable urban development.

“Green Infrastructure” Concept as an Effective Medium to Manipulating Sustainable Urban Development

2011 ◽  
pp. 234-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Planning History ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Metropolitan Cities

This chapter aims at exploring and conceptualizing green infrastructure (GI) as a comprehensive system in planning schemes of metropolitan cities such as Melbourne (Australia) and Izmir (Türkiye). Urban open space network(s) and its further step, “GI,” stretches out from the urban core through its periphery. This requires investigation of the planning hierarchy between metropolitan planning and urban design with a focus on connectivity and urban sustainability. Supporting and managing physical development, modes of transportation, and social life, GI provides ecological and social services to cities in pursuit of sustainable development. Following the scrutiny of Melbourne’s GI and its relevance to the planning history, this work undertakes a comparative analysis between Melbourne and Izmir in order to address the development of a metropolitan GI system for these cities. Such an approach would support policies and strategies relating to sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals Shiftwork and Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kneginja Richter ◽  
Lukas Peter ◽  
Andrea Rodenbeck ◽  
Hans Günter Weess ◽  
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Negative Results

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Shiftwork can be a risk factor for a number of different somatic and psychological health conditions, especially sleep disorders. Shiftworkers sleep less than dayworkers, and 20–40% of them suffer from difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep, which result in reduced capacity for work and social life. A common coping strategy might be the use of alcohol, which presents a health and safety hazard as it further impairs sleep quality and exacerbates sleepiness in the workplace. This review aimed to assess the extent of such possible connections. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a systematic search of the scientific literature on shiftwork and alcohol consumption in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library. Only original studies comparing shiftworkers with non-shiftworkers were included. The recommendations of the <i>Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses</i> were followed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fourteen articles are included in this review. Six studies report some kind of connection between shift- or nightwork and alcohol consumption, especially as a sleep aid. Conflicting or negative results are reported by 3 studies. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Shiftwork, especially working at night and in rotation shifts, is associated with binge drinking disorder in different professions. The reasons for pathological consumption of alcohol can be self-medication of sleep problems or coping with stress and psychosocial problems typical for shiftwork. Nurses aged over 50 years represent one important risk group. These results can be important for preventive programs against sleep disorders, including measures other than drinking alcohol as a sleep aid in the workplace of shiftworkers.

scholarly journals A Framework of Resilience Development for Poor Villages after the Wenchuan Earthquake Based on the Principle of “Build Back Better”

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Fanneng He ◽  
Caishan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Post Disaster

Under the current resilience development framework, which is mainly based on urban communities, it is difficult to meet the needs of the vulnerable populations in poor villages. This article aims to explore a specific and operable guidance framework suitable for the resilient development of Chinese poor villages after disasters from the perspective of social equity. The framework will help guide the sustainable development of poor villages after disasters and also provide a reference for the resilience of other similar vulnerable areas. When integrating climate change response and disaster risk management to explore sustainable development in poor villages, the essence is to explore the resilience development framework focused on the construction of resilient communities in poor villages. We take the recovery and reconstruction of poor villages after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 as an example. Through the analysis of the effects of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, we found that although poor communities have made significant achievements since the earthquake, there are still many aspects that need to be improved, including social life systems, economic production systems, and natural ecosystems. Therefore, we comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of poor socio-economic conditions, the complex ecological environment, and the low cultural level of residents in poor villages. Furthermore, this study followed the principle of “Build back better” (BBB) and conducted an in-depth study of the framework for the resilience of poor villages. In terms of risk reduction, it is recommended to improve structural resilience from guarantee of preferential prices and selection of environmentally friendly materials, avoid risk and villagers’ participation in the formulation of general plans, and promote disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities from risk prediction and curriculum development. In terms of community recovery, it is suggested to promote community economics and victims’ livelihoods by promoting industrial transformation and sustainable livelihoods and promote social and psychological health development from social relations and psychological rehabilitation. In terms of efficient implementation, specific improvements include the improvement of public participation systems and the establishment of coordination offices and sound institutional mechanisms, the development of community standards and the introduction of financial support policies, the improvement of laws and regulations, and the improvement of monitoring and evaluation from dynamic monitoring and mass satisfaction surveys. It is important to guide the sustainable development of vulnerable communities by constructing a post-disaster resistant development framework based on BBB principles.

Fundamentals of development of energy potential of cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Roman Ivanov ◽  
Tatyana Maltseva
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The One

this article substantiates the need to develop the energy potential of cadets and students in classes on the discipline "Socio-psychological training of professional communication" in educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia. The relevance of this problem is considered by the authors in two planes. On the one hand, there is a growing need to include "energy" concepts in the paradigm of modern social and psychological Sciences, and to build the structural elements of this system. On the other hand, the reality of modern social life and its increasing complexity make all people in General, as well as employees of the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, in particular, increasingly think about preserving their physical, mental and psychological health, which is impossible without understanding the energy potential of a person, without the necessary elements that make up it. Since the European and Russian scientific traditions do not operate properly today with definitions related to human energy, the paper presents several points of view regarding this phenomenon from ancient Chinese, ancient Indian philosophy and medicine. Also, to understand the development of energy potential, the article presents as an example some practices of ancient Yaqui shamans who lived in the South of North America. In the second part of the work, some examples of ancient Eastern practices are given that can be used in classes on social and psychological training of professional communication. In particular, breathing practices, meditative techniques, and exercises for the development of perception and attention are considered separately. Furthermore, it describes in detail one of the practices of acromegaly.

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