scholarly journals Sequencing toponymic change: A quantitative longitudinal analysis of street renaming in Sibiu, Romania

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251558
Author(s):  
Mihai Stelian Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Complete Dataset ◽  
Statistical Precision ◽  
Name Changes

Recent scholarship in critical toponymy studies has refashioned the understanding of street names from innocent labels to nominal loci of historical memory and vectors of collective identity that are embroiled with power relations. Urban nomenclatures consist of more than mere linguistic signposts deployed onto space to facilitate navigation. Street names are also powerful signposts that indicate the political regime and its socio-cultural values. Drawing on these theoretical insights, this paper is focused on Sibiu (Romania) and explore the city’s shifting namescape in a longitudinal perspective spanning one century and a half of modern history (1875–2020). The analysis is based on a complete dataset of street names and street name changes registered across five political regimes (Habsburg Empire, Kingdom of Romania, Romanian People’s Republic, Socialist Republic of Romania, and post-socialist Romania). A series of multiple logistic regression models were carried out to determine the factors that influence toponymic change. The statistical results point out several significant predictors of street renaming: (1) the streets’ toponymic characteristics (politicized or neutral name); (2) artery rank (public squares and large avenues or ordinary streets and alleys); and (3) topographic features (a street’s size and centrality). Such a quantitative approach coupled with a longitudinal perspective contributes to the scholarly literature on place-naming practices in three major ways: firstly, by advancing an innovative methodological framework and analytical model for the study of street name changes; secondly, by delineating with statistical precision the factors that model toponymic change; and thirdly, by embedding these renaming practices observed especially after significant power shifts in the broader historical context of the changes brought in the city’s street nomenclature.

scholarly journals Discreet Signs of the Supreme Idea: On Certain Transcendent Categories in Russian and Soviet Constitutional Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Power ◽  
World View ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Legal Text ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Federative Socialist Republic

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyse world-view and mythological expressions in Russian and Soviet Constitutional acts that implicitly or explicitly refer to any kind of idea legitimising the shape of the state, its political system or the nature of political power. The object of the argument will be exclusively such provisions of fundamental laws which: (1) having neither a purely regulatory nor a purely programmatic character, model mental representations of the world of the legal text by reference to ‘situationally transcendent’ ideas in Mannheim’s sense (i.e. ideas which refer to a reality different from the perceived one; those that sketch visions alternative to it); (2) justify the content of the legal provision by means of such imagery, without being part of the preamble or any different integral part of the Constitution, characterised by a different ontology of the text; (3) justify the content of provisions linked to political power and/or the nature of the state. The materials of the analysis are: Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire of 1906, the Constitutional texts of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of 1924, 1936 and 1977, and the current Constitution of the Russian Federation. Consecutive Constitutions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic are also referred to. The analysed formulations, legally irrelevant in a conventional reading of a legal text, participate in the semiosis of both the provisions that contain them and the entire texts of the fundamental laws. In this way, the Constitutions incorporate into their complex of meanings either religious expressions, mythologised ideological figures or figures of historical memory associated with collective identity.

“With God’s help, act in favor of Ukraine”: unknown letters of Fedir Ernst to Adelaida Artiukhova (1927–1929)

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-30
Author(s):  
O.V. Pryn
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Central State ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Museum Exhibitions ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
State Archives

In the article, the author studies the correspondence of F. Ernst and A. Artiukhova. The found complex of letters covers the chronological period from 28.09.1927 to 01.12.1929 and belongs to the time of their joint work in Taras Shevchenko All-Ukrainian Historical Museum. F. Ernst was a head of art department of the museum then, and A. Artiukhova worked as an assistant from 1927. Simultaneously with working in the museum, from 1926 F. Ernst worked as Kyiv krai inspector for protection of cultural heritage, and from 1929 he was the member of Parity Commission for Cultural Valuables Exchange between RSFSR and Ukrainian SSR. The letters, found in Central State Archives of Public Organizations in Ukraine in fund 263 “Individuals repressed by GPU-NKVD-KGB during the 1920–1950s in Kyiv and Kyiv region” in the archival investigative case No. 64684 FP, and were the evidence in the case of accusation of Adelaida Artiukhova of “counter-revolutionary nationalist activity”. All the charges were reduced to a personal acquaintance with F. Ernst, who was already deported at that time. The found archival sources allow to reconstruct in more detail the biography of Adelaida Volodymyrivna Artiukhova and her personal contribution to the replenishment of the art collection of the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum. A. Artiukhova was born in 1902 in the city of Kyiv. In 1920–1923, she studied at the Kyiv Institute of Public Education and the Kyiv Archaeological Institute. In 1924, she began working at the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum (UHM) in Kyiv as a laboratory assistant of the art department. During 1927-1929, together with F. Ernst, she was returning cultural values from the museums of the Russian Federation, replenishing the UHM collection, and for this purpose often visited the museums of Moscow and Leningrad, studying their collections and museum work in general. The texts of the letters are published without any reductions. Phonetic and orthographic features of the document language are preserved. The letters give an opportunity to immerse in the historical context of the museum life of one of the leading museums of Ukraine, to study into inter-museum cooperation, etc. F. Ernst’s epistolary reveals the contact points of the researchers, shows their friendly style of communication and the topics they discussed. Throughout the correspondence, there are three main topics: the activity of the art department of the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum (exhibitions and collections), cooperation and return of paintings from Russian museums, and everyday life (rest of the scholars in the Crimea and Odessa). All letters are very informative; they show the internal activities of the art department of the Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Historical Museum: replenishment of the collection, exhibiting activity, scholarly contacts. The letters reveal the complex inter-museum relations of UHM with Russian museums and the role of personal contacts of scholars. It was found out that A. Artiukhova, who used F. Ernst’s personal connections and acquaintances for the benefit of the museum, had a significant influence on the implementation of the large replenishment of UHM.

A day of unfinished mourning: Historicizing commemorative practices of Bleiburg among the Croatian diaspora in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1096
Author(s):  
Nikolina Židek
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Community History ◽  
Memory Practices ◽  
Second World

The Croatian post-Second World War diaspora in Argentina developed a specific identity due to the historical context of its exile (the war defeat of the Nazi-aligned Independent State of Croatia, the postwar killings of the defeated troops and the civilians at Bleiburg, Austria, with subsequent death marches in 1945—commonly referred to as “Bleiburg,” and the eventual forced migration) that served as a baseline of its identity across generations. While in Communist Yugoslavia Bleiburg was practically a taboo, the efforts to preserve its memory were carried out by the Croatian political exiles in Argentina as of 1947. This article explores historical memory practices of Bleiburg among the Croatian diaspora in Argentina. Based on an analysis of written, photographic, and audiovisual material, as well as personal testimonies, the study identifies five major periods of memory of the Croatian diaspora in Argentina from 1947 until today. The results of the study show a tendency of double and cumulative victimization: while the first generation was framed as victims of the postwar killings and exile, the post-memory generation also perceives itself as long-term victims of Tito’s Yugoslavia because of being born in Argentina. There is an intergenerational transmission of memory throughout the described five periods, and the real change of generations occurs when the survivors perish and new memory entrepreneurs take over the commemorations. The post-memory generation framed commemorations in such a way that they serve to reinforce their identity and enable them to resignify their community history, while maintaining their sense of uniqueness toward both the country where they were born and the country their grandparents were forced to leave.

“Face-to-Face”: The State, the Individual, and the Citizen in Russian Taxation, 1863-1917

Slavic Review ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni Kotsonis
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Direct Taxation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Individual

From the 1860s to 1917, direct taxation provides a window onto the paradoxes of reform in late imperial Russia. The new systems of assessment that culminated in the income tax of 1916 aimed to individualize government in a regime still ordered by legal estate and collective identity; to recognize the autonomy of the individual while disassembling and reintegrating the person by way of comprehensive assessment; and to promote a sense of citizenship, participation, and individual responsibility while still defending autocracy. Yanni Kotsonis suggests that these tensions were borrowed, along with the new techniques of taxation and of government, from European and transatlantic practice, but Kotsonis also locates the distinctiveness of the Russian case in the historical context and the set of ideological premises into which the practices were introduced.

Ethics of medical research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Bobba
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Torres Strait

Conducting ethical health research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations requires an understanding of their unique cultural values and the historical context. The assimilation of Indigenous people with the broader community through colonial policies such as the dispossession of land and forcible removal of children from their families in the Stolen Generation, deprived entire communities of their liberty. Poorly designed research protocols can perpetuate discriminatory values, reinforce negative stereotypes and stigmas and lead to further mistrust between the Indigenous community and healthcare professionals. The manuscript offers a fresh perspective and an up-to-date literature review on the ethical implications of conducting health research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.

scholarly journals Knowledge is power – informal communities assert their right to the city through SDI and community-led enumerations

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheela Patel ◽  
Carrie Baptist ◽  
Celine D’Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Community Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Rights To The City

This paper provides an introduction to the practice of community-led enumerations as conducted by Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI). It sets out the historical context for enumerations, which came out of a need in India in 1975 to find a more long-term solution to evictions, and charts its subsequent evolution and spread throughout other countries. Enumerations can help to build a community, define a collective identity, facilitate development priority setting and provide a basis for engagement between communities and government on planning and development. This process allows communities of the urban poor to assert their rights to the city, to secure tenure, livelihoods and adequate infrastructure. The paper discusses some of the specific methodological issues, including the challenges of legitimizing community data, and the use of technology by slum( 1 ) or shack dweller federations when appropriate.

scholarly journals FALSIFICATION OF HISTORY AS A THREAT TO RUSSIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. SHTURBA ◽  
Larisa V. ASTANINA
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

Introduction.The politicization of history performs a completely technological task of ensuring the legitimacy of a particular political regime and mobilizing public opinion of various social groups. At the same time, the problem of the politicization of history is not one thing: this phenomenon has its own subspecies.Methods.In this scientific article we turn to the phenomenon of falsifying history as a threat to Russia’s national security.Results.Throughout2018, in a special section, scientific articles on the falsification of history were published in a special section on the pages of the Academic Journal “Historical and Social-Educational Idea”. So, for example, the authors of the texts published in the journal touched upon the problems of modern “tsarebozhie”, interpenetration of cultures of Russia and Byzantium, the formation and development of the education system of the Muslim peoples of the North Caucasus (late XVIII - XIX centuries), falsification of the history of the organization of the Kabardian and Balkarian Police after the Civil War (1920-1923), the role of China in the victory over Militaristic Japan, the false interpretation of historical facts as a threat to the national security of the Russian Federation, the historical memory of students and the region and the problems of its falsification, falsification of drugs in Russia.Conclusions.The problem of falsifying history has a wide spectrum of ideological possibilities for destabilizing the political order of the state. Researchers pay attention to the destructive potential of falsifying history. Of course, in this matter there is a controversy of judgments, however, the scientific community is unanimous in the opinion that the problems of falsification and politicization of history deserve close analytical attention.

scholarly journals Reflexiones onomasiológicas en torno al papel de la administración en los programas de Español como lengua extranjera

LETRAS ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Bianchinetta Benavides Segura ◽  
Gisselle Herrera Morera
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Intercultural Awareness ◽  
Linguistic Skills ◽  
The Individual

Es un planteo de base teórica sobre la incorporación efectiva de la conciencia intercultural en los programas de Español como lengua extranjera (ELE) y de la influencia de las personas encargadas de administrar y facilitar su adecuada inclusión. La competencia en una lengua extranjera supone tanto capacidades lingüísticas, como el conocimiento y apropiación del conjunto de valores, creencias y normas culturales que conforman la identidad individual y colectiva de una comunidad académica.This is a theoreticalIy-based proposal conceming the effective incorporation of intercultural awareness in Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL) programs and the influence of administering facilitating its adequate inclusion. Proficiency in a foreign language involves not only linguistic skills but also a knowledge and appropriation of the cultural values, beliefs and norms integrated in the individual and collective identity of an academic community.

scholarly journals Religious Associations in Tatar Assr under Conditions of Mass Political Repressions of the 1930

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (Especial II) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Ruslan Rustamovich Ibragimov ◽  
Aivaz Minnegosmanovich Fazliev ◽  
Chulpan Khamitovna Samatova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Catholic Churches

The paper discusses the situation of confessional associations in the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Tatar during the period of mass political repressions de in the late 1930s. The methodological basis was the civilizational approach, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, and social focus, which allowed the most effective development of the issue raised. The specificity of the period and the object of study are determined by the heyday of Stalinist repression and religious consciousness, which was carried by believers and clergy, and was not correlate with communist ideology. The very fact of the existence of the aforementioned believers and the clergy and the presence of Orthodox churches, mosques, Catholic churches and functioning religious buildings of other religions was fundamentally in line with the goals and objectives that the state authorities established during this period. By way of conclusion, the authors provide detailed statistical information (in support of their scientific arguments and conclusions) on the dynamics of the number of prayer buildings in the republic during the study period and at the same time account of the general conditions of mass repression that characterize the historical context.

scholarly journals National Identity and Historical Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
P. I. Gnatenko
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
National Character ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Historical Past

According to a British researcher of nation phenomenon A.D. Smith, national identity is a main form of collective identity, a dominant criteria of culture and identity. That’s way the aim of the article is a clarification of two notions: national identity and historical memory.National identity has relations with national self-consciousness. National self-consciousness consists of knowledge and presentations of national community, its historical past and present, spiritual and material culture, language and national character.There are three conceptions of roots of Ukrainian national identity. The first is a chauvinistic conception. According to this conception Ukrainian nation never existed. It’s only a dialect group of Russian nation. The second is unity of three nations – Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian and the senior brother is Russian nation and Ukrainian and Belorussian are juniors. The third conception is the autochthonous-autonomic conception (the author is M. Grushevs’ky).The autochthonic-autonomic conception has two poles of origins of Ukrainian nation. The first pole – Tripoli culture, Ukrainian nation was born in 7–2 millennium B.C. The second pole – 10–11 centuries A.C. The Illarion’s ‘Word about Law and Grace’, ‘Kyiv-Pechersky Patericum’ etc. are the basics of Ukrainian nation.In contemporary Europe we can observe reformation of the problem of national identity and rising of an ethnical factor and a historical memory. A historical memory is a complex of installations, stereotypes, habits, traditions, constant aspects of national character, national senses, their mark by social consciousness.National senses are ground of installations and stereotypes. They are emotional-psychological background of actions of a national character. National senses are a part of a political self-consciousness, a personal political culture.

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