scholarly journals Psycholinguistic and affective norms for 1,252 Spanish idiomatic expressions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254484
Author(s):  
José M. Gavilán ◽  
Juan Haro ◽  
José Antonio Hinojosa ◽  
Isabel Fraga ◽  
Pilar Ferré
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Final Word ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Large Pool ◽  
Affective Norms ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

This study provides psycholinguistic and affective norms for 1,252 Spanish idiomatic expressions. A total of 965 Spanish native speakers rated the idioms in 7 subjective variables: familiarity, knowledge of the expression, decomposability, literality, predictability, valence and arousal. Correlational analyses showed that familiarity has a strong positive correlation with knowledge, suggesting that the knowledge of the figurative meaning of an idiom is highly related to its frequency of use. Familiarity has a moderate positive correlation with final word predictability, indicating that the more familiar an idiom is rated, the more predictable it tends to be. Decomposability shows a moderate positive correlation with literality, suggesting that those idioms whose figurative meaning is easier to deduce from their constituents tend to have a plausible literal meaning. In affective terms, Spanish idioms tend to convey more negative (66%) than positive meanings (33%). Furthermore, valence and arousal show a quadratic relationship, in line with the typical U-shaped relationship found for single words, which means that the more emotionally valenced an idiom is rated, the more arousing it is considered to be. This database will provide researchers with a large pool of stimuli for studying the representation and processing of idioms in healthy and clinical populations.

scholarly journals Correlation and agreement between the 24-hour diurnal tension curve, the water-drinking test, and the postural-change test in glaucoma patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Fauze A. Goncalves ◽  
Fernando Henrique R. Amorim ◽  
Camila S. Zangalli ◽  
Jose Paulo C. Vasconcellos ◽  
Vital P. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Postural Change ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Drinking Test ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation ◽  
Water Drinking Test

Aim: To investigate whether the water-drinking test (WDT) and the postural-change test (PCT) can predict the 24-hour diurnal tensional curve (DTC) intraocular pressure (IOP) peak and fluctuation by assessing the correlation and agreement between these three tests in medically treated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.Methods: 18 POAG patients underwent the DTC, WDT and PCT. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the correlation and agreement between the results, respectively.Results: Mean DTC IOP peak was 18.72 + 4.31 mmHg and mean DTC IOP fluctuation was 7.00 + 2.54 mmHg. The IOP peak was outside office hours in 50% of the subjects. We observed poor correlations between the DTC and WDT fluctuations and the DTC and PCT fluctuations (r=-0.125, P=0.619; r=0.349, P=0.155, respectively). There was a moderate positive correlation between the DTC and WDT peaks (r=0.493, P=0.03) and a strong positive correlation between the DTC and PCT peaks (r=0.722, P<0.001). However, Bland-Altman plots demonstrated poor agreement between the IOP peaks and fluctuations between the 3 tests. WDT and DTC IOP peaks differed by 2 mmHg or more in 56% of the measurements. PCT and DTC IOP peaks showed that 83% of the measurements had differences greater than 2 mmHg.Conclusions: Despite moderate to strong correlations between DCT and WDT peaks and DTC and PCT IOP peaks, the agreement was generally poor, suggesting that they should be used with caution to estimate peak IOP.

scholarly journals The tug of war between an idiom's figurative and literal meanings: Evidence from native and bilingual speakers

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy van Ginkel ◽  
Ton Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Final Word ◽  
Idiom Comprehension ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Related Target ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Sentence Interpretation ◽  
Target Words

AbstractIn two lexical-decision experiments, we investigated the processing of figurative and literal meaning in idioms. Dutch native and German–Dutch bilingual speakers responded to target words presented after a minimal context idiom prime (e.g., ‘He kicked the bucket’). Target words were related to the figurative meaning of the prime (‘die’), the literal word at the end of the idiom (‘water’), or unrelated to both (‘face’). We observed facilitation in RTs for figuratively and literally related targets relative to unrelated targets for both participant groups. A higher frequency idiom-final word caused inhibition in responses to the literally related target for native speakers, indicating competition between the idiom as a whole and its literal word constituents. Native speakers further showed sensitivity to transparency of the idiom's meaning and the plausibility of the idiom as a literally interpretable sentence. The results are interpreted in terms of available L1/L2 idiom comprehension models, and a more detailed processing account for literal and idiomatic sentence interpretation.

IMPACT OF FDI AND FIIS ON SENSEX AND NIFTY IN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Sinha ◽  
Jyoti Rani
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Indian Stock Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

The present paper highlights the impact of Foreign Direct investments (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investments (FIIs) in India on BSE and NSE. The study is purely based on secondary data and the analysis of which was made through the application of Karl Pearson's coefficient of Correlation and Multi Regression OLS model (Ordinary Least Square). Based on 15 years data starting from 2001 to 2015, it was found that the flow of FDI and FIIs was moving in cycle with Sensex and Nifty.There is a very strong positive correlation between FDI and Sensex and FDI andNifty. There is a moderate positive correlation between FII and Sensex but the correlation is not significant between FII andNifty.It can be concluded that the impact of flow of FDI and FIIs on Indian stock market is significant.

How Competitive is the Canadian Diagnostic Radiology Residency Match? Application and Matching Trends from 1991-2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Kenny ◽  
Kaisra Esmail ◽  
Rebecca M. Hibbert ◽  
Matthew D.F. McInnes
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Radiology Residency ◽  
And Training ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The study sought to evaluate application trends in Canadian diagnostic radiology residency programs and to assess the relative competitiveness of radiology as a specialty. Methods The Canadian Residency Matching Service Reports from 1991–2014 for Canadian graduates were used to extract the total residency positions and radiology residency positions, number of applicants to all specialties and to radiology, number of first-choice radiology applicants, number of unmatched radiology positions, and number of positions and applicants to each specialty. Ratios were calculated: radiology positions to applicants and first-choice applicants, first-choice radiology applicants to applicants for all specialties, and training positions to applicants in each specialty. Data trends and correlation coefficients were analysed. Results The number of radiology residency positions offered increased, with strong positive correlation (r = 0.91, P < .001), while the number of applicants increased with only a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.49, P = .03). Radiology was the most competitive in 1997, with a ratio of 0.32 positions/applicant. There was an increase of positions/applicant over time (decreasing competitiveness; r = 0.76, P < .001) but no change in positions/first-choice applicant (r = 0.11, P = .65). The highest percentage of applicants who ranked radiology as their first choice was in 2003 at 6.5% with a decrease in this percentage over time (r = −0.36, P = .13). Radiology is moderately competitive for positions/overall applicants and very competitive for positions/first-choice applicants compared to other specialties. Conclusions The number of radiology residency positions has increased while the number of applicants has not grown commensurately. The match was most competitive in 1997, and decreased in subsequent years. Possible reasons include job market, reimbursement, and work environment.

scholarly journals 71 The relationships of late gestational uterine artery blood flow with calf and placental size

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Colby A Redifer ◽  
Allison M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

Abstract Utilizing crossbred fall-calving beef females over 2 years, relationships of uterine artery blood flow (UBF) with cow BW, calf birth BW, and placental characteristics were investigated. Transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography of both uterine arteries was conducted, and scans were grouped into 80, 60, 40, and 20 ± 5 d prior to calving (DPC; n = 28, 38, 36, and 24, respectively). Placentas were dissected post-expulsion (n = 21, 26, 26, and 19, respectively). Correlation coefficients were determined for UBF with BW and placental measures at each timepoint. Total UBF had a moderate positive (80, 40, and 20 DPC, P ≤ 0.009) or weak positive correlation (60 DPC, P = 0.02) with calf BW. Calf BW had a moderate positive correlation (P ≤ 0.04) with contralateral UBF (80, 60, and 40 DPC). Cow BW was not correlated (P ≥ 0.07) with UBF. Total and contralateral UBF had moderate positive correlations (P ≤ 0.03) with cotyledonary, intercotyledonary and total placental weights at 40 DPC and with intercotyledonary weight at 20 DPC. Contralateral UBF had a moderate positive correlation (P = 0.03) with total placental weight at 20 DPC. Ipsilateral UBF had no relationship (P ≥ 0.06) with calf or placental weights. Cotyledon number had a moderate negative correlation (P = 0.02) with ipsilateral UBF at 20 DPC, but a moderate (60 and 80 DPC) or strong (20 and 40 DPC) positive correlation (P ≤ 0.05) with contralateral UBF. Average cotyledonary size had a moderate positive correlation (P = 0.01) with total UBF at 20 DPC. Ipsilateral UBF had a moderate (80 and 40 DPC, P ≤ 0.04) or strong positive correlation (20 DPC, P = 0.003) with average cotyledonary size. These data suggest that late gestational UBF drives fetal and placental growth. Interestingly, contralateral UBF may have a disproportionately greater contribution.

The Strong Positive Correlation between Factor VII Clotting Activity Using Bovine Thromboplastin and the Activated Factor VII Level

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuomi Kario ◽  
Takefumi Matsuo ◽  
Reiko Asada ◽  
Toshiyuki Sakata ◽  
Hisao Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activated Factor Vii

SummaryWe compared factor VII clotting activity (FVIIc) assays using different thromboplastins to determine which is the most sensitive for activated FVII (FVIIa) or for FVII antigen (FVIIag). FVIIc levels were measured using thromboplastins derived from bovine brain (FVIIc Bov), human placenta (FVIIc Hum), and rabbit brain (FVIIc Rab). FVIIa levels were measured by fluorogenic assays using human soluble tissue factor (rsTF) or bovine rsTF. We also measured FVII activity by an amidolytic assay (FVIIc:am Hum) using human thromboplastin and a chromogenic substrate for thrombin. FVIIag levels were determined by ELISA. In the FVIIa assay, the reaction time obtained from using bovine rsTF was shorter than that with human rsTF, suggesting that the interaction of plasma FVIIa with bovine rsTF was stronger than with human rsTF. The plasma FVIIa levels measured using human rsTF and bovine rsTF were almost the same (r=0.947, p<0.0001). Among the three FVIIc assays, FVIIc Bov had the strongest positive correlation with the plasma FVIIa level (r=0.886, p<0.000l), but had no correlation with FVIIag. An increase of 1 ng/ml in the plasma FVIIa level yielded a 27.9% increase of FVIIc Bov. Plasma FVIIc Hum and FVIIc:am Hum showed moderate correlations with both FVIIa (r=0.520, p<0.02 and r=0.569, p<0.01, respectively) and FVIIag (r=0.438, p<0.05 and r=0.468, p<0.05, respectively). FVIIc Rab had the lowest correlation with FVIIa (r=0.367, p<0.1), but had a moderate correlation with FVIIag (r=0.436, p<0.05). After in vitro cold activation, FVIIc Bov levels increased the most and FVIIc:am levels showed the least change. These findings indicate that consideration of the thromboplastin used for assay is necessary when assessing the clinical significance of FVII activity as a cardiovascular risk factor.

scholarly journals CT density of cervical thymus, in comparison with mediastinal thymus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Sen ◽  
Jiji Valsalamony ◽  
Jubie Raj
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Older Age ◽  
List Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Density ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

Abstract Objectives Cervical component of thymus is noted more in children and young adults than in older age group. CT texture (lobules of soft tissue interspersed with fat), similarity with CT density of mediastinal thymus and continuity with mediastinal thymus on sagittal/coronal images, are given as the criteria for diagnosis of the cervical thymus. But CT densities of cervical and mediastinal components of the thymus may vary. The purpose of our study was to compare CT densities of cervical and mediastinal parts of the thymus, in cases where ultrasonography correlation was available. Methods We retrospectively identified 22 patients who had undergone CT between May 2015 and May 2017 and in whom ultrasonography (USG) correlation was available. CT densities of cervical and mediastinal components of thymus were measured. Results CT density of cervical thymus is lower than the CT density of mediastinal thymus by ~ 25 HU. There is a moderate positive correlation between CT densities of cervical and mediastinal parts of the thymus. CT densities of both cervical and mediastinal thymus were found to reduce with age, but the reduction was statistically significant only in the cervical thymus in this study. Conclusions CT densities of cervical and mediastinal components of the thymus may vary, with CT density of cervical thymus being lower. There is a positive correlation between CT densities of cervical and mediastinal parts of the thymus. CT density of cervical thymus reduces with age. Understanding these may help avoid confusion on CT and avoid the need for correlative USG, saving time and effort.

scholarly journals Microsatellite Variation and Recombination Rate in the Human Genome

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 1285-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret A Payseur ◽  
Michael W Nachman
Keyword(s):  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Microsatellite Polymorphism ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Background Selection ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Microsatellite Variation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Genome Recombination ◽  
Neutral Mutations

Abstract Background (purifying) selection on deleterious mutations is expected to remove linked neutral mutations from a population, resulting in a positive correlation between recombination rate and levels of neutral genetic variation, even for markers with high mutation rates. We tested this prediction of the background selection model by comparing recombination rate and levels of microsatellite polymorphism in humans. Published data for 28 unrelated Europeans were used to estimate microsatellite polymorphism (number of alleles, heterozygosity, and variance in allele size) for loci throughout the genome. Recombination rates were estimated from comparisons of genetic and physical maps. First, we analyzed 61 loci from chromosome 22, using the complete sequence of this chromosome to provide exact physical locations. These 61 microsatellites showed no correlation between levels of variation and recombination rate. We then used radiation-hybrid and cytogenetic maps to calculate recombination rates throughout the genome. Recombination rates varied by more than one order of magnitude, and most chromosomes showed significant suppression of recombination near the centromere. Genome-wide analyses provided no evidence for a strong positive correlation between recombination rate and polymorphism, although analyses of loci with at least 20 repeats suggested a weak positive correlation. Comparisons of microsatellites in lowest-recombination and highest-recombination regions also revealed no difference in levels of polymorphism. Together, these results indicate that background selection is not a major determinant of microsatellite variation in humans.

scholarly journals Changes in Antioxidative, Oxidoreductive and Detoxification Enzymes during Development of Aphids and Temperature Increase

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Roma Durak ◽  
Jan Dampc ◽  
Monika Kula-Maximenko ◽  
Mateusz Mołoń ◽  
Tomasz Durak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

Temperature, being the main factor that has an influence on insects, causes changes in their development, reproduction, winter survival, life cycles, migration timing, and population dynamics. The effects of stress caused by a temperature increase on insects may depend on many factors, such as the frequency, amplitude, duration of the stress, sex, or the developmental stage of the insect. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the enzymatic activity of nymphs and adult aphids Aphis pomi, Macrosiphum rosae and Cinara cupressi, and changes in their response to a temperature increase from 20 to 28 °C. The activity of enzymatic markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), β-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD)) in aphid tissues was analysed for three constant temperatures. The results of our research showed that the enzymatic activity of aphids (measured as the activity of antioxidant, detoxifying and oxidoreductive enzymes) was mainly determined by the type of morph. We observed a strong positive correlation between the activity of the detoxifying and oxidoreductive enzymes and aphids’ development, and a negative correlation between the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and aphids’ development. Moreover, the study showed that an increase in temperature caused changes in enzyme activity (especially SOD, CAT and β-glucosidase), which was highest at 28 °C, in both nymphs and adults. Additionally, a strong positive correlation between metabolic activity (heat flow measured by microcalorimeter) and longevity was observed, which confirmed the relationship between these characteristics of aphids. The antioxidant enzyme system is more efficient in aphid nymphs, and during aphid development the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreases. The antioxidant enzyme system in aphids appears to deliver effective protection for nymphs and adults under stressful conditions, such as high temperatures.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status Among Children aged 2 months to 13 years-a Hospital Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Hem Sagar Rimal ◽  
Shripad J Walavalkar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation

Introduction: Vitamin D is an important micronutrient having crucial role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis but there is emerging evidence to suggest its role in prevention of infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. The vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is a widely recognized problem among children in developed as well as developing countries.Objective: To find out the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency among children aged 2 months to 13 yrs and its correlation with serum calcium, phosphate and demographic factors.Methodology: Prospective, cross sectional, hospital based study conducted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital for a period of one year among children presented to pediatric OPD in whom pediatrician had a suspicion of Vitamin D Insufficiency /Deficiency. Venous blood Samples were taken for the estimation of 25(OH) Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphate. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 16. Results Among 174 children aged 2 months to 13 years, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency at the cutoff of <30ng/ml was 82.75% where as no cases of vitamin D deficiency was noted at cut off level of < 10 ng/ml. Children residing in urban area, samples taken in the winter season had higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (p value <0.05). Serum calcium and phosphate level were found positively correlated with Vitamin D level (p<.05). However the relationship was very strong between Vitamin D and Calcium (r=0.402, p-value <0.001) and weak positive correlation was noted with phosphate(r=0.155, p value <0.05).Conclusion: There is very high prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency among children. The vitamin D insufficiency was significantly higher in winter season as compared to summer. Children living in the urban area are more prone to Vitamin D insufficiency. Moderately strong positive correlation was observed between Vitamin D level and calcium but weak correlation existed with phosphate. BJHS 2018;3(1)5 : 381-384

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