scholarly journals Chlamydia buteonis in birds of prey presented to California wildlife rehabilitation facilities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258500
Author(s):  
Brittany A. Seibert ◽  
Michael K. Keel ◽  
Terra R. Kelly ◽  
Roger A. Nilsen ◽  
Paula Ciembor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Wildlife Rehabilitation ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Buteo Swainsoni

Chlamydial infections, caused by a group of obligate, intracellular, gram-negative bacteria, have health implications for animals and humans. Due to their highly infectious nature and zoonotic potential, staff at wildlife rehabilitation centers should be educated on the clinical manifestations, prevalence, and risk factors associated with Chlamydia spp. infections in raptors. The objectives of this study were to document the prevalence of chlamydial DNA shedding and anti-chlamydial antibodies in raptors admitted to five wildlife rehabilitation centers in California over a one-year period. Chlamydial prevalence was estimated in raptors for each center and potential risk factors associated with infection were evaluated, including location, species, season, and age class. Plasma samples and conjunctiva/choana/cloaca swabs were collected for serology and qPCR from a subset of 263 birds of prey, representing 18 species. Serologic assays identified both anti-C. buteonis IgM and anti-chlamydial IgY antibodies. Chlamydial DNA and anti-chlamydial antibodies were detected in 4.18% (11/263) and 3.14% (6/191) of patients, respectively. Chamydial DNA was identified in raptors from the families Accipitridae and Strigidae while anti-C.buteonis IgM was identified in birds identified in Accipitridae, Falconidae, Strigidae, and Cathartidae. Two of the chlamydial DNA positive birds (one Swainson’s hawk (Buteo swainsoni) and one red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)) were necropsied, and tissues were collected for culture. Sequencing of the cultured elementary bodies revealed a chlamydial DNA sequence with 99.97% average nucleotide identity to the recently described Chlamydia buteonis. Spatial clusters of seropositive raptors and raptors positive for chlamydial DNA were detected in northern California. Infections were most prevalent during the winter season. Furthermore, while the proportion of raptors testing positive for chlamydial DNA was similar across age classes, seroprevalence was highest in adults. This study questions the current knowledge on C. buteonis host range and highlights the importance of further studies to evaluate the diversity and epidemiology of Chlamydia spp. infecting raptor populations.

scholarly journals Complications in Surgery of the Small Intestine

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Carlos Manterola ◽  
Sebastián Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Intestinal Surgery ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Emergency Event ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Pathology

Performing a surgical procedure of the small intestine, whether it is a scheduled elective or an emergency event, may be associated with the occurrence of disorders of diverse etiology; either as a result of prior illness, the onset of systemic pathology associated with the surgical event or complications related to the surgery itself. The development of morbidity in patients undergoing intestinal surgery has been outlined in this article on medical and surgical complications. These will be discussed based on clinical manifestations, potential risk factors associated with their occurrence and certain preventive measures.

scholarly journals Regional Differences in the Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Infants Aged 0–23 Months in China: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Shujuan Li ◽  
Yacong Bo ◽  
Hongyan Ren ◽  
Chen Zhou ◽  
Xiangqian Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Western China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Infantile anaemia has been a severe public health problem in China for decades. However, it is unclear whether there are regional differences in the prevalence of anaemia. In this study, we used data from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHS) to assess the prevalence of anaemia and the risk factors associated with its prevalence in different regions. We included 9596 infants aged 0–23 months from the CNHS 2013 database. An infant was diagnosed with anaemia if he/she had a haemoglobin concentration of <110 g/L. We used multivariate logistic regression to investigate the potential risk factors associated with the development of anaemia. We found that anaemia was present in 2126 (22.15%) of the infants assessed. Approximately 95% of these cases were classified as mild anaemia. Based on the guidelines laid out by the World Health Organization, 5.5% and 43.6% of the surveillance sites were categorized as having severe and moderate epidemic levels of anaemia, respectively. The prevalence of infantile anaemia in Eastern, Central and Western China was 16.67%, 22.25% and 27.44%, respectively. Premature birth, low birth weight, breastfeeding and residence in Western China were significantly associated with higher odds of developing anaemia. Female sex and having mothers with high levels of education and maternal birth age >25 years were associated with lower odds of developing anaemia. In conclusion, we observed significant regional disparities in the prevalence of infantile anaemia in China. Western China had the highest prevalence of infantile anaemia, and rural regions showed a higher prevalence of anaemia than urban regions.

Cervical insufficiency: a noteworthy disease with controversies

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 648-655
Author(s):  
Yu Han ◽  
Mengnan Li ◽  
Huijing Ma ◽  
Hailan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cervical Insufficiency ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Losses ◽  
Recurrent Abortions

AbstractCervical insufficiency (CI) is a mainly disease leading to recurrent abortions and preterm birth which may present in about 1% of obstetric populations. Recurrent pregnancy losses caused by CI incur serious economic burdens on society as well as huge psychological burdens to family members. However, many patients even clinicians in some areas of the world still remain confused about this disease. At the same time, the etiology of CI is still uncertain and it is still a controversial disease in diagnosis and treatment. This article summarizes the potential risk factors associated with CI, which could be worthy of attention and helpful for future research. It also reviews the methods for diagnosis and treatment of CI to better understand this noteworthy disease, as well as presents the related consensus and controversies according to the newly updated guidelines, which has practical significance for conducting more in-depth investigations in the future.

Response to the requests received concerning the paper "Investigation of potential risk factors associated with Salmonella presence in commercial laying hen farms in Nigeria"

2019 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
Idowu Oluwabunmi Fagbamila ◽  
Marzia Mancin ◽  
Lisa Barco ◽  
Sati Samuel Ngulukun ◽  
Alexander Jambalang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Epigenetic Regulation and Risk Factors During the Development of Human Gametes and Early Embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Fuchou Tang ◽  
Liying Yan ◽  
Jie Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Layers

Drastic epigenetic reprogramming occurs during human gametogenesis and early embryo development. Advances in low-input and single-cell epigenetic techniques have provided powerful tools to dissect the genome-wide dynamics of different epigenetic molecular layers in these processes. In this review, we focus mainly on the most recent progress in understanding the dynamics of DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and histone modifications in human gametogenesis and early embryo development. Deficiencies in remodeling of the epigenomes can cause severe developmental defects, infertility, and long-term health issues in offspring. Aspects of the external environment, including assisted reproductive technology procedures, parental diets, and unhealthy parental habits, may disturb the epigenetic reprogramming processes and lead to an aberrant epigenome in the offspring. Here, we review the current knowledge of the potential risk factors of aberrant epigenomes in humans.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter among layer farms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Q. Al-Natour ◽  
Akram R. Al-Aboudi ◽  
Musa A. Alshehabat ◽  
MT K. Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Free Residual Chlorine

Campylobacter jejuni is an important food-borne pathogen. The main source of this pathogen is poultry and poultry products. Poultry farms of low biosecurity level plays major role in disseminating this pathogen. The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of Campylobacter and identify potential risk factors associated with their presence in layer farms in Northern Jordan. A total of 2524 samples from chickens, litter, water and feed were collected from 35-layer farms. Samples underwent conventional and enrichment isolation methods for Campylobacter. Confirmation was done morphologically, biochemically and by PCR typing. The flock-level prevalence of C. jejuni was 40%, 37%, 20% in chicken cloacae, drinking water and litter respectively. C. jejuni was the only confirmed isolated species. None of the feed samples revealed presence of Campylobacter. The concentration of free residual chlorine was below the recommended standard levels. The risk factors were identified using modified semi-structured questionnaire. There was no significant association between evaluated risk factors and isolation status potentially reflecting small number of study farms. The prevalence rate for C. jejuni is within commonly reported range. High stocking density, short distance between farms, improper hygienic practice and low water chlorine level seems to increase occurrence rate of Campylobacter in layer farms. Educational biosecurity programs regarding C. jejuni transmission and their public health importance needs to be established.

A Retrospective Assessment of Risk Factors for Peritonitis among An Urban Capd Population

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Korbet ◽  
Edward F. Vonesh ◽  
Catherine A. Firanek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Poisson Regression Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Peritonitis is a major reason why patients transfer from peritoneal dialysis (PD) to hemodialysis. We evaluated the peritonitis infection rates In 146 peritoneal dialysis patients who underwent dialysis at our facility between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 1989. Peritonit Is was the primary cause for changing treatment, with 24 (16.4%) of the patients transferring because of this complication. This represented 54.5% of all patients discontinuing CAPD due to method failure. A gamma-Poisson regression analysis was performed in an attempt to Identify potential risk factors associated with an increased Incidence of peritonitis. The results indicated that race, education level, and PD system used were significantly associated with the rate at which peritonitis occurred in our patient population. There was an almost twofold increase in the rate of peritonitis among blacks as compared to whites (2.2 vs 1.2 episodes/patient year). The level of education completed at the start of dialysis had a negative correlation with peritonitis rates. Patients with ≤8, 9–12, and ≥13 years of education had peritonitis rates of 2.4, 1.8, and 1.2 episodes/patient year, respectively. Finally, the system used had a significant effect with our patients on CCPD having lower peritonitis rates as compared to patients on either a connect or disconnect system (0.6 vs 2.5 vs 1.8 episodes/patient year, respectively). Recognizing potential risk factors for peritonitis will help us better understand and address this significant problem in our PD programs. Reducing peritonitis rates should facilitate a decrease in patient transfer due to method failure.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis and associated risk factors among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E Ahmed ◽  
Sara Siddig Abdalla ◽  
Ibrahim A Adam ◽  
Martin P Grobusch ◽  
Imadeldin E Aradaib
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Central Sudan ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Hydatid disease or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval stages of the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of seropositivity and to identify the risk factors associated with the disease among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2017 and April 2018. A total of 305 randomly selected consenting participants from three localities were included in the current investigation using a multistage probability sampling method. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect immunoglobulin G antibodies to E. granulosus. The χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors associated with CE seropositivity. Results A seroprevalence of 6.5% (20/305) was recorded among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Age (odds ratio [OR] 16.61 [confidence interval {CI} 2.21 to 117.92], p=0.006), locality (OR 3.08 [CI 1.42 to 22.54], p=0.011) and contact with dogs (OR 2.34 [CI 0.026 to 0.646], p=0.013) were recorded as potential risk factors for seropositivity to CE in the study area. Conclusions The seroprevalence of CE (6.5%) is high among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Improved surveillance is necessary to optimize control and prevention strategies for CE as an important neglected zoonotic disease among the human population in the study area of Central Sudan.

scholarly journals Genetics of Keratoconus: Where Do We Stand?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled K. Abu-Amero ◽  
Abdulrahman M. Al-Muammar ◽  
Altaf A. Kondkar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Molecular Etiology

Keratoconus is a progressive thinning and anterior protrusion of the cornea that results in steepening and distortion of the cornea, altered refractive powers, and reduced vision. Keratoconus has a complex multifactorial etiology, with environmental, behavioral, and multiple genetic components contributing to the disease pathophysiology. Using genome-wide and candidate gene approaches several genomic loci and genes have been identified that highlight the complex molecular etiology of this disease. The review focuses on current knowledge of these genetic risk factors associated with keratoconus.

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