Sufficiency of the BOT-2 short form to screen motor competency in preschool children with strabismus

Background Strabismus is one of the most common visual disorders in children, with a reported prevalence of 2.48% in preschoolers. Additionally, up to 89.9% of preschool children with strabismus do not have normal stereopsis. Whether this lack of normal stereopsis affects the motor competency of preschool children with strabismus is unknown. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition short form (BOT-2 SF) can be a useful tool for screening; however, its sufficiency as a diagnostic tool for children with various disorders is controversial. Objective The aims of this study were thus to examine motor competency in preschool children with strabismus by using the BOT-2 and to evaluate the usefulness of the BOT-2 SF to identify those at risk for motor competency issues. Methods Forty preschool children (aged 5–7 years) with strabismus were recruited, all of whom had abnormal stereopsis. The BOT-2 complete form (CF) was administered to all children. The BOT-2 CF was administered to all children. The scores of the BOT-2 SF were extracted from the relevant items of the BOT-2 CF for further analysis. Results The prevalence of children with strabismus who had below average performance in the composites of “Fine Manual Control”, “Manual Coordination”,”Body Coordination”, and “Strength and Agility” were 15%, 70%, 32.5%, and 5%, respectively, on the BOT-2 CF. Compared with these results, the sensitivity of the BOT-2 SF was 33.33% (95% CI = 7.49%–70.07%) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI = 88.78%–100%). Conclusion Preschool children with strabismus had a high prevalence of impaired motor competency, especially in fine motor competency. The BOT-2 SF was not as sensitive in identifying motor difficulties in preschool children with strabismus. Therefore, the BOT-2 CF is recommended for evaluating motor proficiency in preschool children with strabismus.

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Validity and Reliability for the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Short Form as Applied in the United Arab Emirates Culture

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.157 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 157-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mohammed M. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Short Form ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Motor Proficiency ◽

Single Item

Validity and reliability of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Short Form were examined through factor analysis, differences in motor proficiency among age groups, and internal consistency. The sample was comprised of 194 children (96 boys and 98 girls) of ages 6 to 11 years. A principal factor analysis solution with varimax rotation produced four factors: Gross and Fine Motor Skills, Eye-Hand Coordination, Balance-Coordination and Speed, and Visual-motor Coordination. The loadings of these factors partially supported the theoretical work of Bruininks. Univariate analysis of variance showed significant differences between age groups either for each single item or for the total score. Correlation coefficients between single-item and total short form were all significant, although some values were relatively small. These results provided positive support for the construction and reliability of the test.

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Motor and Basic Cognitive Functions in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Undergoing Induction or Consolidation Chemotherapy

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125211002065 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003151252110020

Author(s):

Vesile Yildiz Kabak ◽

Yasin Ekinci ◽

Songul Atasavun Uysal ◽

Mualla Cetin ◽

Tulin Duger

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Test Performance ◽

Short Form ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Motor Dysfunction ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Consolidation Chemotherapy ◽

Motor Proficiency ◽

Motor Functions ◽

Nine Hole Peg Test

Children with acute leukemia (ALL) often suffer from several disease and treatment related side-effects during treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the gross and fine motor functioning and basic cognitive performance of children (n = 25) with ALL who were undergoing induction or consolidation chemotherapy and to compare these characteristics to a normative group (n = 21) of age-matched typically developing children. We assessed the children’s motor functions with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition-Short Form and the Nine-hole Peg Test, and we used the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) to evaluate their cognitive performance. Compared to the normative group, children with ALL had lower scores on total motor proficiency and sub-tests scores of motor functions ( p < .05), and on the Nine-hole Peg Test performance ( p < .05); but their cognitive performance on the MMSE was not significantly different. Children with ALL would likely benefit from structured exercise and rehabilitative interventions during chemotherapy to prevent and/or ameliorate ALL-related motor dysfunction. We also suggest that their cognitive functioning should be further investigated with more extensive well-validated neurocognitive tests for children (e.g., the Wechsler intelligence scales).

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Discriminant Analysis of Gross and Fine Motor Proficiency Data

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1982.55.2.547 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 547-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Geoffrey D. Broadhead ◽

Gabie E. Church

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Physical Education ◽

Education Program ◽

Short Form ◽

Discriminatory Power ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Motor Proficiency ◽

Handicapped Children ◽

Test Items ◽

Significant Function

Two classes of non-handicapped and two classes of handicapped children ( n = 67), aged 5 to 12 years, took part in a study designed to determine whether a regular or specially designed physical education program suited their individual needs best. Initially receiving instruction with class peers each child was administered the 14-item short-form Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Discriminant analysis of the data indicated that two of the three functions were significant, together accounting for 93% of the variance. For each significant function fewer than half the test items contributed substantial discriminatory power. Over-all, 75% of the subjects were correctly classified but misclassifications occurred in each class; different placements seem appropriate for non-handicapped and handicapped children.

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Sensitivity and specificity of the Bamberg Dementia Screening Test’s (BDST) full and short versions: brief screening instruments for geriatric patients that are suitable for infectious environments

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-021-01927-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wolfgang Trapp ◽

Susanne Röder ◽

Andreas Heid ◽

Pia Billman ◽

Susanne Daiber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Short Form ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Consecutive Series ◽

Diagnostic Quality ◽

Dementia Screening ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Diagnosis Of Dementia

Abstract Background Currently, many patients suffering from dementia do not have a diagnosis when admitted to geriatric hospitals. This is the case despite an increased risk of complications affecting the length of stay and outcome. Unfortunately, many dementia screening tests cannot be used on geriatric inpatients, who are often bedridden. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of a small battery of bedside tasks that require minimal vision and fine motor skills in patients with suspected dementia. Methods In this prospective study, the Bamberg Dementia Screening Test (BDST) was administered to a consecutive series of 1295 patients referred for neuropsychological testing. The diagnosis of dementia was confirmed in 1159 and excluded in 136 patients. Sensitivity and specificity for the first subtest (ultra-short form), the first two subtests (short form), and the total score of the BDST were obtained via receiver operating characteristic curves and compared with the sensitivity and specificity values of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Results The overall diagnostic quality of the BDST was superior to the MMSE for mild Alzheimer’s dementia (sensitivity and specificity = .94 (95% CI .92 to .96) and .82 (95% CI .75 to .88) vs. .79 (95% CI .76 to .83) and .88 (95% CI .82 to .93)) as well as for other subtypes of mild dementia (sensitivity and specificity = .91 (95% CI .88 to .94) and .82 (95% CI .75 to .88) vs. .72 (95% CI .67 to .76) and .88 (95% CI .82 to .93)). Even the short form of the BDST was comparable to the MMSE regarding sensitivity and specificity. For moderate dementia, it was possible to identify dementia cases with sufficient and excellent diagnostic quality by using the ultra-short and the short form. Conclusions The BDST is able to detect dementia in geriatric hospital settings. If the adaptive algorithm is used, administration time can be reduced to less than 2 min in most cases. Because no test materials have to be exchanged, this test is particularly suitable for infectious environments where contact between the examiner and the person being tested should be minimized.

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Assessing Motor Performance in Preschool Children: The Zurich Neuromotor Assessment-2 and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125211025246 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003151252110252

Author(s):

Gerda van der Veer ◽

Erica Kamphorst ◽

Alexander Minnaert ◽

Marja Cantell ◽

Tanja H. Kakebeeke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Young Children ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Assessment Battery ◽

Movement Assessment ◽

Zurich Neuromotor Assessment ◽

Pearson Correlations

Comparing motor assessment tools that are available for young children is important in order to select the most appropriate clinical and research tools. Hence, this study compared motor performance assessed with the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment-2 (ZNA-2) to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2). The sample consisted of 169 children, aged 3–5 years (87 boys; 51%). We used Pearson correlations to examine relationships between the ZNA-2 and MABC-2 component and total scores. In addition, Pearson correlations were performed between individual fine motor and balance items of the ZNA-2 and MABC-2. Results were that the total scores of the ZNA-2 and MABC-2 correlated moderately ( r = .40, p < .001). Non-significant to moderate correlations were found between components ( r = −.00 to .47) and between individual items of fine motor skills ( r = .04 to .38) and balance ( r = −.12 to .38). Thus, the ZNA-2 and MABC-2 measure partly similar and partly different aspects of motor performance.

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Language and Motor Findings in Benign Megalencephaly

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1989.68.3c.1051 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1051-1054 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Barbara A. Lewis ◽

Dorothy M. Aram ◽

Samuel J. Horwitz

Keyword(s):

Language Comprehension ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Brain Size ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Age Group ◽

Motor Proficiency ◽

Motor Tests ◽

Motor Difficulties

9 children between the ages of 5 and 12 yr. whose head circumferences were greater than the 98th percentile and showed negative CT scans and histories for disease associated with increased brain size were studied. A battery of language, articulation, intelligence, and motor tests were administered to subjects and in each case to a sibling whose head circumference was normal. Analysis showed few differences in intelligence and language comprehension between the megalencephalic children and their siblings. Significant differences were observed in motor proficiency, with over 50% of the megalencephalic children scoring below the 10th percentile for their age group. Three megalencephalic children displayed articulation errors. All subjects had at least one parent whose head circumference exceeded the 98th percentile. These results suggest a relationship between benign megalencephaly and developmental motor difficulties

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Gross and Fine Motor Development in 47,XXY and 47,XYY Males

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.80.2.240 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 240-244

Author(s):

James A. Salbenblatt ◽

Deborah C. Meyers ◽

Bruce G. Bender ◽

Mary G. Linden ◽

Arthur Robinson

Keyword(s):

Motor Development ◽

Auditory Processing ◽

Proficiency Test ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Physical Therapist ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Control Group ◽

Motor Proficiency ◽

Limb Coordination ◽

Sensory Motor

Neuromuscular deficits described in early childhood as motor awkwardness or slow movements are still clinically present in school-aged boys with XXY and XYY sex chromosome aneuploidy. A control group of 14 boys (6 to 19 years of age) and 14 XXY and four XYY boys (6 to 15 years of age), identified by newborn screening, were blindly evaluated by a physical therapist. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) was administered and a clinical rating of neurologic status and sensory-motor integration was assigned. On the motor proficiency test, the XXY boys had significantly lower mean scores for upper limb coordination, speed and dexterity, and on gross motor and battery composites. The neuromuscular status of the aneuploid boys was deficient, with hypotonia, apraxia, primitive reflex retention, and problems with bilateral coordination and visual-perceptual-motor integration. This mild to moderate dysfunctional sensory-motor integration, as well as previously described auditory-processing deficits and dyslexia, contributed to school performance below that expected from their cognitive potential.

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The Effect of 12 Weeks of Ski Training on Some Biometric Features of Girls

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v6i3.2538 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Murat Taş ◽

Elif Kiyici ◽

Fatih Kiyici

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Short Form ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Control Group ◽

Fine Motor Skills ◽

Testing Methods ◽

Limb Coordination ◽

Before And After ◽

Package Program ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of skiing on the biomotoric characteristics of children with evaluating tests of girls between the ages of eight and 14 before and after the season. The experimental group of this study was 15 girls who had just started skiing and the control group of 30 girls. In total, 45 volunteers joined the study. To follow the development of the children in the study, the Bruininks biomotoric-Oseretsky proficiency testing of engines, Second Edition Short Form (BOT 2 brief) test: Fine Motor Precision, Fine Motor Integration, Manual Dexterity, Bilateral Coordination, Balance, Running Speed and Agility, Upper-Limb Coordination, and Strength was used and total scores were measured. All measurements observed changes in the first test by applying the latest testing methods. The Windows SPSS 17.0 statistical package program was used to analyze the data with Independent-Sample t-test to find the differences between the groups. Statistically meaningful levels resulted as p< 0.05 and p< 0.001. No meaningful differences were found in the comparison of the motoric features of the girls who ski and those who do not in their pre-test. A meaningful difference was found in fine motor skills, fine motor accord and total score after ski training. Ski training contributed to the fine motor skills, fine motor accord and total score of the girls.

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Influence of Test Selection on Physical Education Placement of Mentally Retarded Children

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.1.2.112 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 112-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Geoffrey D. Broadhead ◽

Gable E. Church

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Short Form ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Data Set ◽

Motor Proficiency ◽

Motor Functioning ◽

Class Differences ◽

Discriminant Analyses ◽

Mentally Retarded Children

Intact classes of mentally retarded and nonhandicapped children were administered the Physical Dexterity scales of the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment and the short form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Separate discriminant analyses of each data set revealed that the subjects comprised four distinct levels of motor performance. Although overall predicted correct classification was above 65%, misclassifications occurred in each class. Differences resulting from the separate analyses suggest differential program placement for physical education. There is a tendency for the Physical Dexterity data to predict higher levels of motor functioning than the Motor Proficiency data for half of the mentally retarded children.

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Left-Handedness and Developmental Coordination Disorder

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674370805301009 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 696-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

John Cairney ◽

Louis A Schmidt ◽

Scott Veldhuizen ◽

Paul Kurdyak ◽

John Hay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Coordination ◽

Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽

Short Form ◽

Motor Proficiency ◽

Cerebral Lateralization ◽

Coordination Problems ◽

Left Handedness ◽

Left Handed ◽

Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test ◽

Coordination Disorder

Objective: To examine the prevalence of left-handedness in a sample of children screened for developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Method: Using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency—Short Form (BOTMP-SF), 2297 children were screened with 128 scoring at or below the fifth percentile and identified as probable cases of DCD. Using the Movement-ABC (M-ABC) and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, 30 children (24 from the DCD group, and 6 who scored above the cut-off) were randomly selected for further assessment. Results: Among the students who had previously scored at or below the fifth percentile on the BOTMP-SF, 24 were evaluated. Among the 19 children who met diagnostic criteria for DCD (IQ > 70, M-ABC < 16th percentile), 37% ( n = 9) were left-handed. Among children who scored at or below the fifth percentile of the M-ABC, 46% were left-handed (6/13). Conclusion: The prevalence of left-handedness in children with DCD suggests a possible role for cerebral lateralization in motor coordination problems.

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