Technology intensity and Indian manufacturing industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kawaljeet Kaur ◽  
Swati Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Made In

The significance of technology-intensive industries for the growth and competitiveness of the manufacturing sector has been well documented. Many studies have attempted to define and classify the industries based on their technology intensity. However, very few attempts have been made in this respect from the vantage point of developing counties. In an attempt to fill this gap in the empirical literature, this article examines the technology intensity of organized manufacturing industries in India. A composite index of technology intensity of industries is calculated using the method of principal component analysis. The results of our analysis reveal poor performance of industries in terms of their technology intensity. It was found that only four industries in the Indian organized manufacturing sector spend more than 1 per cent of their sales on R&D. The highest score of ‘composite technology intensity index’ (2.63) is for the industry manufacturing electronic components. This score is, however, found to be far below the level prescribed by OECD for an industry to be categorized as ‘high-tech’. The results of our empirical analysis, therefore, suggest the need for increasing technology intensity for the Indian organized manufacturing industries to achieve competitiveness in the global market.

Made In China 2025 will have narrow success

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Subject China's Made In China 2025 industrial policy framework. Significance Made In China 2025 (MIC 2025) is a ten-year policy framework for comprehensively upgrading the technological base of China’s manufacturing sector. Its aims to make the country a world leader in high-tech production, and switch it to an innovation-driven and environmentally sustainable pattern of economic growth. Impacts Chinese policymakers will use market forces selectively, seeing them as just one tool among others. There is a risk that heavy state involvement will in some cases hold back competition and innovative private entrepreneurship. Penalties from Washington and other governments will raise the cost of technological espionage, but perhaps not prohibitively. Resistance to Chinese high-tech acquisitions will grow stronger in the West, not only in the United States.

Chinese manufacturers will gain ground in world market

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Subject China's global market presence in the sectors targeted for development by Made In China 2025. Significance Beijing's 'Made in China 2025' framework aims to make China a leading player in ten high-technology sectors. China’s current position in the global market varies greatly from one targeted industry to another. Comparison with the United States as the world's economic superpower and China’s main rival helps put the grievances Washington expresses towards China in context. Impacts China’s ability to compete on technology and quality will rise significantly, especially in advanced non-electrical and transport machinery. Domestic political pressure on the US government will rise as more US firms face Chinese competition. Trade tensions with the United States will spur indigenous development of technologies for which Chinese firms now depend on US suppliers. A cohort of globally competitive Chinese high-tech firms will develop first; upgrading the whole Chinese economy will take far longer. Even when the technological gap narrows, Chinese firms will continue seeking to acquire high-tech firms in developed countries.

scholarly journals Financial Spillovers in Asian Emerging Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-118
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Fukuda ◽  
Mariko Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Common Shocks ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This paper explores financial spillovers between emerging Asia and advanced economies using principal component analysis to extract common shocks in Asia. We first investigate stock market spillovers across the regions and find that spillovers from emerging Asia became significant after the global financial crisis. However, our industry-level analysis shows that the increased spillovers can be attributed to the first principal component (PC) in the manufacturing sector rather than to the first PC in the financial sector. This implies that the rise of the Asian manufacturing sector in the global market played a key role in enhancing the stock market spillovers. We next examine bilateral spillovers in short-term and long-term rates. In the tapering period, we find significant spillovers in long-term rates from the first PC in emerging Asia to Europe and the United States. However, these spillovers were much smaller than the stock market spillovers in magnitude.

M. A. Ayuh. Made in Jamaica: The Development of Manufacturing Sector. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1981. xxii+128 pp.

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Najam-us- Saqib
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Caribbean Country ◽  
Bauxite Ore ◽  
Made In

Jamaica, known in the world for her rich deposits of bauxite ore, is a small Caribbean country with an area of 10991 square kilometers and a population of just over two million individuals. This beautifu11and, which was described by Columbus as "The fairest isle that eyes have beheld" has developed a remarkably diversified manufacturing sector starting from a modest industrial base. Jamaica's manufacturing industry enjoyed a respectable growth rate of about 6 percent per annum during the good old days of the euphoric '50s and '60s. However, those bright sunny days ''when to live was bliss" were followed by the chilling winter of much subdued progress. The rise and fall of growth have aroused considerable interest among economists and policy• makers. The book under review probes the causes of this behaviour by analysing key characteristics of Jamaican manufacturing sector and tracing its path of evolution.

scholarly journals To Weight or Not to Weight, That Is the Question: The Design of a Composite Indicator of Landscape Fragmentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3208
Author(s):  
Andrea De Montis ◽  
Vittorio Serra ◽  
Giovanna Calia ◽  
Daniele Trogu ◽  
Antonio Ledda
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Expert Judgment ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Composite Indicator ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Composite indicators (CIs), i.e., combinations of many indicators in a unique synthetizing measure, are useful for disentangling multisector phenomena. Prominent questions concern indicators’ weighting, which implies time-consuming activities and should be properly justified. Landscape fragmentation (LF), the subdivision of habitats in smaller and more isolated patches, has been studied through the composite index of landscape fragmentation (CILF). It was originally proposed by us as an unweighted combination of three LF indicators for the study of the phenomenon in Sardinia, Italy. In this paper, we aim at presenting a weighted release of the CILF and at developing the Hamletian question of whether weighting is worthwhile or not. We focus on the sensitivity of the composite to different algorithms combining three weighting patterns (equalization, extraction by principal component analysis, and expert judgment) and three indicators aggregation rules (weighted average mean, weighted geometric mean, and weighted generalized geometric mean). The exercise provides the reader with meaningful results. Higher sensitivity values signal that the effort of weighting leads to more informative composites. Otherwise, high robustness does not mean that weighting was not worthwhile. Weighting per se can be beneficial for more acceptable and viable decisional processes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ambient Particulate Matters in an Industry-Intensive Area in Central Taiwan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Hsing-Wang Li ◽  
Kang-Shin Chen ◽  
Chia-Hsiang Lai ◽  
Ting-Yu Chen ◽  
Yi-Ching Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Ions ◽  
Central Taiwan

Atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) were measured in an industry-intensive region in central Taiwan in order to investigate the characteristics and possible sources of PMs. The samplings were simultaneously conducted using a 10- and 3-stage Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) from 2017 to 2018. In this study, the characteristics of PMs in this region were evaluated by measuring the mass concentration of PMs and analyzing water-soluble ions and metallic elements, as well as dioxins. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the potential sources of PMs. The results showed that the mean concentration of coarse (>1.8 μm), fine (0.1–1.8 μm), and ultrafine (<0.1 μm) particles were 13.60, 14.38, and 3.44 μg/m3, respectively. In the industry-intensive region, the size distribution of ambient particles showed a bi-modal distribution with a high concentration of coarse particles in the spring and summer, while fine particles were dominant in the autumn and winter. The most abundant water-soluble ions of PMs were NO3−, Cl−, and SO42−, while the majority of metallic elements were Na, Fe, Ca, Al, and Mg in different particle sizes. The results of Pearson’s correlation analysis for metals indicated that the particles in the collected air samples were related to the iron and steelmaking industries, coal burning, vehicle exhausts, and high-tech industries. The dioxin concentration ranged from 0.0006 to 0.0017 pg I-TEQ/Nm3. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the contribution to PMs was associated with sea salt, secondary pollutants, and industrial process.

Measuring the Employment Vulnerability Among Female Workers in Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-322
Author(s):  
Nomita P. Kumar ◽  
Achala Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Principal Component Loading ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Component Loading

This article attempts to measure employment vulnerability among women workers in Uttar Pradesh by constructing a multidimensional vulnerability index (MVI). The index is based on 23 dichotomous (binary) variables corresponding to various dimensions of vulnerability related to employment. A composite index of vulnerability is developed for each occupational category, sector of employment and gender. Here, MVI is the average of five indices which are computed for the respective dimensions of employment vulnerability. The findings suggest high levels of vulnerability among informal workers with the MVI values ranging from 0.087 (low) to 0.783 (high).The overall MVI (measured by principal component loading [PCA]) was 0.768 for the construction and domestic workers, followed by tailors (0.629) and garment workers (0.635). Appropriate policies are needed to help lift women from the cumulative neglect that they experience in unorganised labour market.

Integration of the concept of lean manufacturing and digital technologies of high-tech enterprises in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Н.С. Хорошавина ◽  
М.С. Абрашкин
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Global Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Business Conditions

Цифровые технологии существенно влияют на мировой рынок, внося коррективы в расстановку сил на нем. Используемые ранее подходы к управлению бизнес-процессами становятся не актуальными в современных условиях. Без цифровизации наукоемкие производства будут не способны выдержать конкурентную борьбу, и вынуждены будут уйти с рынка. В то же время современные условия хозяйствования диктуют необходимость постоянного совершенствования бизнес-процессов наукоемких предприятий, их оптимизации. Данные принципы являются основой концепции бережливое производство, реализация которых становится более эффективной при условии использования цифровых технологий. В статье рассмотрены вопросы интеграции концепции бережливое производство и цифровых технологий на наукоемких предприятиях. Показан пример успешной реализации принципов данной концепции с использованием цифровых подходов к оптимизации бизнес-процессов наукоемкого производства. В современных условиях важнейшим активом любого предприятия, в том числе и наукоемкого производства, являются данные. Реализация принципов бережливого производства требует обработки значительного объема информации. Цифровые технологии позволяют анализировать информационные потоки в режиме реального времени, моделировать бизнес-процессы и тем самым, способствуют более качественному и оперативному принятию решений по оптимизации бизнес-процессов наукоемких производств. Только объединив принципы концепции бережливое производство и возможности, которые дает цифровизация, наукоемкие предприятия смогут не просто удержать свои конкурентные позиции на рынке, но и перейти на более качественный уровень своего развития. Digital technologies significantly affect the global market, making adjustments to the balance of power in it. Previously used approaches to business process management are no longer relevant in modern conditions. Without digitalization, high-tech industries will not be able to withstand competition and will be forced to leave the market. At the same time, modern business conditions dictate the need to constantly improve the business processes of high-tech enterprises and optimize them. These principles are the basis of the concept of lean manufacturing, the implementation of which becomes more effective when using digital technologies. The article deals with the integration of the concept of lean manufacturing and digital technologies in high-tech enterprises. An example of successful implementation of the principles of this concept using digital approaches to optimizing business processes in high-tech production is shown. In modern conditions, the most important asset of any.

Sustainability assessment in the manufacturing industry: a review of recent studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 3162-3179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamraiz Ahmad ◽  
Kuan Yew Wong
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the recent sustainability assessment studies in the manufacturing industry from the triple-bottom-line (TBL) perspective. This paper aims to depict the status quo of practical sustainability assessment, summarize the different levels and boundaries of evaluation, and highlight the difficulties and further improvements needed to make the assessment more effective in the manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach Four keywords, namely, sustainability assessment, sustainable manufacturing, TBL and green production, were used to explore and find the relevant articles. First, this paper systematically reviewed the studies and analyzed the different levels and boundaries of sustainability assessment. Following this, the reviewed studies were critically discussed along with their merits and shortcomings. Findings The review showed that most of the sustainability assessment studies were conducted on product, company and process levels in the manufacturing industry. Nevertheless, there is still a need to focus more on plant and process level assessments to achieve the TBL objectives. Environmental assessment is comparatively matured in manufacturing industries. However, from the economic and social viewpoints, only cost analysis and workers’ safety, respectively, were considered in most of the studies. The economic and social indicators need to be more inclusive and should be validated and standardized for manufacturing industries. Originality/value Unlike previous sustainability assessment reviews in manufacturing industries which were mostly based on life cycle assessment, this paper has included environmental, social and economic aspects in one comprehensive review and focused on recent studies published from 2010 to 2017. This paper has explored the recent sustainability assessment trends and provided insights into the development of sustainability assessment in the manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Difference between Indirect and Direct CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Korean Manufacturing Industries, 2004–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinwoo Lee ◽  
Dong-Woon Noh ◽  
Dong-hyun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
End User ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Green Productivity ◽  
The Difference

This study measures and decomposes green productivity growth of Korean manufacturing industries between 2004 and 2010 using the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. We focus on differences in the measures of productivity growth by distinguishing carbon emissions from either end-user industries or the electricity generation industry. Empirical results suggest three main findings. First, the efficiency of total emissions is higher than that of direct emissions except for the shipbuilding industry. Second, green productivity in the manufacturing sector increased during the study period. Finally, green productivity depends on the indirect emissions of each industry. These results indicate that policymakers need to deliberately develop policy tools for mitigating carbon emissions of the manufacturing industrial sectors based on our empirical findings.

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