scholarly journals Bacterial isolation from internal organs of rats (Rattus rattus) captured in Baghdad city of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagham Mohammed Ayyal ◽  
Zainab Abdulzahra Abbas ◽  
Abdulkarim Jafar Karim ◽  
Zainab Majid Abbas ◽  
Karima Akool Al-Salihi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Aim: Rats are accused in disseminating many zoonotic diseases. This study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria from internal organs of rats captured in Baghdad City, Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 black rats (R. rattus) were trapped from different areas in Baghdad city. Rats were kept in individual plastic cages for 3 h before euthanizing. Deep pharyngeal swab, intestinal content, urine, and pieces of the liver and spleen, lung, kidney, and brain were obtained aseptically. The specimens were inoculated into peptone water and incubated at 37°C for 24 h for enrichment. A loopful of each specimen was then subcultured onto MacConkey Agar, Blood Agar, and Mannitol Salt Agar. CHROMagar O157 H7 and CHROMagar Listeria were used to detect Escherichia coli 157:7 and Listeria spp., respectively. Biochemical tests on analytical profile index, microscopic examination, and commercial kit for latex agglutination test for serotyping E. coli O157:H7 were used. Results: Mixed bacterial isolates were recorded as 116, 52, 36, 28, 18, 6, and 4 from intestinal contents, deep pharyngeal, liver and spleen, urine, lung, brain, and kidney, respectively. Microorganisms included E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, E. coli O157:H7, Enterobacter cloacae, Listeria spp., Klebsiella spp., Ochrobactrum anthropi, Aeromonas spp., Brucella spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia fergusonii, Micrococcus spp., Morganella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas luteola, and Streptobacillus spp. The highest bacterial prevalence (88; 73.33%) was recorded for E. coli, where 68 isolates were identified from the intestinal contents. Of these, four isolates were E. coli O157:H7. Conclusion: Rats are important carriers and transmitters of a number of pathogens and can disseminate these microorganisms to humans and animals.

Prevalence of non-O157 Shiga Toxin-producing E. Coli in Children and Calves in Al- Muthanna Province, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jarad ◽  
Kh. Al- Jeboori
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
Big Six ◽  
Reliable Isolation

The present study focus on non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli (STEC), included a bacteriological study was subjected to provide additional information for non-O157 STEC prevalence in children and calves. Isolation by using selective culturing media (CHROMagar STEC and CHROMagar O157) from 127 children suffering from diarrhea and 133 calves in Al- Muthanna province. Characterization depends on culturing positive colony on MacConkey agar and Levin’s Eosin Methylene blue agar, staining single colony from the growth by gram stain, biochemical tests; Indole, the Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate test, Oxidase, Catalase, Urease, Motility, Kligler Iron and Api-20E, were done to confirm a diagnosis of non-O157 STEC, The reliable isolation as non-O157 STEC serotyping by specific latex agglutination test for the target non-O157 STEC (big six) serogroup (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145). The current study showed the prevalence of non-O157 STEC was 20 of out 127 (15.73%) in samples collected from children and 27 / 133 (20.30%) in calves samples in conclusion the Non-O157 STEC is an important cause of diarrhea in children, and calves; finally, the calves play an important reservoir for Non-O157 STEC.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of the predominant bacterial contaminants of Nigerian currency notes in circulation in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
MO Akpotu ◽  
AF Kehinde
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Currency notes can act as a vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic organisms. This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the predominant bacterial contaminants of Nigerian currency notes in circulation in parts of Ogun State. A total of 240 naira notes of 8 different denominations were collected from various persons into sterile polythene bags, transferred into universal bottles containing 10 mL of sterile buffered peptone water. The notes were removed; the resulting solution incubated overnight and the overnight solution inoculated onto Blood agar, Mannitol salt agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar and MacConkey agar plates and incubated at 370C for 24 hours. The isolates were then identified by Gram reactions and Biochemical tests and their susceptibility profiles against 8 commonly used antibiotics were determined. A total of 95 out of the 240 samples showed bacterial contamination and the prevalent isolates include: Escherichia coli 31 (32.6 %), Salmonella typhi 26 (27.4 %), Staphylococcus aureus 20 (21.1 %) and Bacillus subtilis 18 (18.9 %) respectively. There was no bacteria growth on the control samples. 52.3 % of the isolates were resistant strains. EC 1 isolate showed the highest susceptibility with an inhibitory zone diameter (IZD) of 25 mm against ciprofloxacin while on the whole, 26.6 % of the isolates were susceptible to all the antibiotics evaluated with 20.9 % showing intermediate susceptibility. This study showed that most of the circulating currency notes harbored one or more bacteria, especially the resistant strains which could pose a severe public health challenge

scholarly journals Bacteriological investigation of meat sold in Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Dauphin Dighitoghi Moro
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Careful Handling ◽  
Meat Samples

Meat (beef) is one of the most widely consumed food products which is remarkably known for its high protein content, vitamins and desirable taste. Meat is consumed by all and sundry. However, the intrinsic properties of meat make it highly susceptible to changes usually brought about by an array of physical, chemical and biochemical attributes. Several bacterial species have been implicated in the spoilage of meat and it provides a good source of nutrients. One kilogram of meat samples purchased from ten retail points in different markets namely Okoko, Ojo, Iyana-Iba, Igbo-Elerin, Ajangbadi, Ikotun, Obadore, Akesan, Alaba and Volkswagen markets were investigated for microorganisms by standard methods. The meat samples were obtained in duplicates and cultured on MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar and nutrient agar. They were divided into two batches, the first batch was stored at the refrigerated temperature (4 °C) while the second batch was at ambient temperature 27°C±2 °C for 24 hours. The meat samples were enumerated bacteriologically using blender method. Ten grams of each sample was blended and introduced into buffered peptone water, homogenized and pre-incubated for 1 h. Serial dilution was carried out and 0.1 ml of serially diluted samples inoculated into the agar. Various bacterial species were isolated, identified culturally, morphologically and biochemically. For ambient temperature stored meat, the total viable count ranged from 1.3 x 104 cfu/g to 2.3 x 106 while refrigerated samples had counts which ranged from 1.3 x 104 cfu/g to 7 x 105 cfu/g. In the unrefrigerated samples, total staphylococcal counts and total Enterobacteriaceae counts ranged from 1.3 x 103 cfu/g to 2.66 x 104 cfu/g and 1.2 x IO3 to 2.3 x 104 cfu/g respectively. Bacteria recovered include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Proteus spp., Micrococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Leuconostoc spp., Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp., most of which are potentially spoilage bacteria as well as opportunistic pathogens. Several bacterial species isolated from refrigerated and unrefrigerated samples were similar, but the refrigerated meat appear to be safer as they had lower microbial load. Meat constitutes a risk factor which is minimized by careful handling, high personal hygiene and massive awareness campaign which may likely be heightened by consumption of raw or improperly cooked meat.

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of ‎Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Household - reared Small Ruminants in Zaria ‎Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
R. O. Yakubu ◽  
M. K. Lawan ◽  
J. K. P. Kwaga ◽  
J. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Kit

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic enteric pathogen of public health significance worldwide. A cross-sectional study was carried out during which 384 faecal samples of household-reared small ruminants and water used in the various houses where the animals are reared were collected. The samples were enriched on tryptone soya broth and cultured on EMB and CT-SMAC to isolate E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 respectively; subjected to conventional biochemical tests and E. coliO157:H7 was confirmed using Wellcolex latex agglutination test kit. E. coli O157:H7 isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test and multiplex PCR was carried out to detect the presence of virulence genes stx1, stx2, eaeA and hlyA. The results of the isolation showed isolation rate of E. coli O157:H7 of 4.69% (9/192), 0.52% (1/192) which were obtained from faeces and water samples respectively. The results of the characterisation showed that one of the E. coli O157:H7 isolated harboured the eaeA and hlyA genes but was negative for stx1 and stx2 genes. The highest number of isolates showed resistance to erythromycin (90.9%) while the least was to gentamicin (6.3%). About 97.7% (43/44) of the isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance index greater than 0.2. In conclusion, household-reared small ruminants in the study area were found to be reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7 and humans living within these households are at risk of infection. The multiple antibioticresistance recorded in this study suggests widespread use of antimicrobial drugs in the study area.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Urinary Tract Infections in Infants from Different Hospitals of District Peshawar

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

In the present study isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria, causing urinary tract infection in infants was performed. The research work was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory, Abasyn University, Peshawar. Samples were collected from different hospitals of District Peshawar. The collected samples were inoculated on different media for identification and isolation such as Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar and CLED media. For further identification Gram staining and Biochemical tests were performed such as Catalase, Oxidase, Coagulase, Indole and TSI. In total of 90 samples, E. coli was most prominent, which was found to be 52 (57.77%) followed by S. saprophyticus 22 (24.44%), K. pneumonia 11 (12.22%).While least prominent was S. aureus 5 (5.55%). Among the total isolates the percentage of Gram-negative bacteria in UTI patients was higher than Gram-positive bacteria. Whereas the percentage of E. coli was (53%) and K. pneumonia was (14%) while the percentage of S. saprophyticus was (28%) and S. aureus (5%). Among the total 90 isolates, the highest prevalence was observed in female infants about (58.88%) while in male infants, the percentage was (41.11%). Key words: Urinary Tract Infection, Infants, Pathogenic Bacteria.

scholarly journals Microbial Quality of Frozen Chicken Parts from three Import Countries into the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Denis Dekugmen Yar ◽  
William Kwajo Jimah Kwenin ◽  
Winfred Kwame Zanu ◽  
Gadafi Iddrisu Balali ◽  
Enos Kwame Adepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
E Coli

There is an upsurge in the consumption of chicken meat leading to a high influx of imported frozen chicken parts into the Ghanaian markets with little information on their microbial qualities. This study examined the microbial quality of imported frozen chicken parts from three major import countries (USA, the Netherlands and Brazil) into the Kumasi Metropolis. A total of 45 chicken meat parts of 15 thighs, wings and backs from wholesale cold stores market in the Kumasi Metropolis were randomly sampled for laboratory examinations. A ten-fold serial dilution was performed on each homogenized chicken parts to determine microbiological quality using Plate Count Agar [1], MacConkey Agar (MCA), Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Desoxycholate Citrate Agar (DCA) for the total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp counts respectively incubated at 37oC for 48 hours. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) was used for fungal counts. We identified bacterial and fungal isolates using appropriate laboratory and biochemical tests. Descriptive data analysis was carried using SPSS-IBM version 16. Mean TVCs of 5.93, 5.98 and 6.14 log10cfu/g were recorded for frozen chicken meats from the USA, the Netherlands and Brazil respectively. Means TCCs of 6.14, 5.93 and 5.98 log10cfu/g were obtained for chicken meats from Brazil, USA and the Netherlands respectively. Staphylococcus spp. (G+) (35.4%), E. coli (G-) (26.2%), Salmonella spp. (G-) (24.6%), and Klebsiella spp. (G-) (13.8%) were isolated with Aspergillus spp (33.3%), Rhizopus spp (27.3%), Penicillin spp (24.2%), and Cladosporium spp (15.2%). Chicken thighs, backs and wings recorded 46.2%, 29.2% and 24.6% bacterial contaminants in this order. Bacterial isolates of 49.2%, 28.8% and 22.0% were recorded in frozen chicken meat products from Brazil, the Netherlands USA respectively. The results suggest that imported frozen chicken meats into the Ghanaian market have moderate quality with potential pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella spp.

An Improved Rapid Technique for Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Foods

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN D. WEAGANT ◽  
JAMES L. BRYANT ◽  
KAREN G. JINNEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation Technique ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A newly revised enrichment and agar-plating system was tested for selectivity and sensitivity in recovery of unstressed and cold-stressed Escherichia coli O157:H7 from foods. Various foods inoculated with known levels of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) were tested by enrichment for 6 h at 37°C in modified tryptic soy broth (mTSB) base supplemented with vancomycin, cefsulodin and cefixime, referred to as EHEC enrichment broth (EEB). Subsequently, portions were spread-plated on sorbitol–MacConkey agar supplemented with tellurite and cefixime (TCSMAC). Further selective enrichment was also examined using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) from the EEB prior to spread-plating on TCSMAC agar. These methods were compared to a procedure of enrichment in mTSB (supplemented with novobiocin) at 37°C for 24 h followed by spread-plating of decimal dilutions on hemorrhagic colitis 4–methylumbelliferyl–B–D–glucuronide (HC–MUG) agar. The new enrichment isolation technique was found to be sensitive at a level of one EHEC organism per 10 g of food in four food types. This represents an approximate l00-fold to 1,000-fold enhancement in sensitivity over the comparative method for foods with high levels of competitive microflora. These enrichment-isolation protocols also were compared in analysis of naturally contaminated raw or undercooked ground beef samples implicated in foodborne illness. EEB-TCSMAC with and without IMS were combined with rapid biochemical tests, and with O157 latex agglutination and confirmation of toxin genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to provide a completed test within 30 h of initiating testing. The new system was successful in 15 of 17 samples, where only 6 of 17 were found positive by the comparative technique.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization E. coli O157:H7 from meat &cheese and detection of Stx1, Stx2, hlyA, eaeA by using multiplex PCR

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Shatha T. Ahmed ◽  
Amina N. Jasim ◽  
Ayad M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Minced Beef ◽  
Polymerase Chain

total of 189 samples were collected from 74 raw uncooked minced beef meat, 115 local white cheeses from 3 different areas in Baghdad. All samples were surveyed and examined for the presence of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 and differentiate it from other Non -Sorbitol Fermenting Escherichia coli (NSF E. coli). The Bacterial isolates were identified by using morphological diagnostic methods; Samples were cultured on liquid enrichment medium, incubated at 41.5Cº for 6 hrs, and then cultured on Cefixime Tellurite -Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (CT- SMAC). 66 non-sorbitol fermenting bacterial isolates were obtained of which 13 were identified as Escherichia coli from (6 meat and 7 cheese samples). By using traditional biochemical tests and Api20E diagnostic system without differentiation between serotype O157:H7 and other NSF E. coli isolates. Four specific biochemical tests (Cellobiose fermentation, β-Glocuronidase production, KCN and Enterohemolysin production) were done to differentiate serotype O157 differentiation from other NSF bacteria. Only 2 isolates belonging to the serotype O157 were obtained of which one isolate from meat and other isolate from cheese. Latex agglutination test for O157 and H7 showed that the 5 isolates gave positive results with both kits. The Bacterial isolates were identified by using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (MPCR) technology for the presence or absence of 4 genes (Stx1, Stx2, hlyA and eaeA) that encode for main virulence factors to diagnose E. coli O157:H7 isolated from various sources by using specific primers in mPCR. The result showed that gene content variety in two E. coli O157:H7 isolates, 1 from meat contain all 4 genes and other isolate from cheese contains 2 genes: Stx1 and hlyA .

scholarly journals Microbial Quality of Frozen Chicken Parts from three Import Countries into the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Dekugmen Yar ◽  
William K. J. Kwenin ◽  
Winfred Kwame Zanu ◽  
Gadafi Iddrisu Balali ◽  
Enos Kwame Adepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
E Coli

Background: There is an upsurge in the consumption of chicken meat leading to a high influx of imported frozen chicken parts into the Ghanaian markets with little information on their microbial qualities. This study examined the microbial quality of imported frozen chicken parts from three major import countries (USA, the Netherlands and Brazil) into the Kumasi Metropolis. Methods: A total of 45 chicken meat parts of 15 thighs, wings and backs from wholesale cold stores market in the Kumasi Metropolis were randomly sampled for laboratory examinations. A ten-fold serial dilution was performed on each homogenized chicken parts to determine microbiological quality using Plate Count Agar [1], MacConkey Agar (MCA), Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Desoxycholate Citrate Agar (DCA) for the total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp counts respectively incubated at 37oC for 48 hours. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) was used for fungal counts. We identified bacterial and fungal isolates using appropriate laboratory and biochemical tests. Descriptive data analysis was carried using SPSS-IBM version 16. Results: Mean TVCs of 5.93, 5.98 and 6.14 log10cfu/g were recorded for frozen chicken meats from the USA, the Netherlands and Brazil respectively. Means TCCs of 6.14, 5.93 and 5.98 log10cfu/g were obtained for chicken meats from Brazil, USA and the Netherlands respectively. Staphylococcus spp. (35.4%), E. coli (26.2%), Salmonella spp. (24.6%), and Klebsiella spp. (13.8%) were isolated with Aspergillus spp (33.3%), Rhizopus spp (27.3%), Penicillin spp (24.2%), and Cladosporium spp (15.2%). Chicken thighs, backs and wings recorded 46.2%, 29.2% and 24.6% bacterial contaminants in this order. Bacterial isolates of 49.2%, 28.8% and 22.0% were recorded in frozen chicken meat products from Brazil, the Netherlands USA respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that imported frozen chicken meats into the Ghanaian market have moderate quality with potential pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella spp.

Bacterial contamination of ram semen used for artificial insemination in indigenous ewes

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Ahmed ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MGS Alam ◽  
PK Jha ◽  
S Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Artificial Vagina ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Ram semen was assessed for quality and presence of bacteria. Four ejaculates were collected from each of four rams twice a week using artificial vagina. The volume varied from 0.4 - 1.3 mL, colour from 2 - 4 (creamy to creamy-grey), mass activity from 3 - 5, sperm motility from 75 - 85%, viability from 80 - 95%, and concentration from, 2500 - 5000 × 106/mL. The mass activity of ram R6 was significantly (P<0.05) higher (5.0 ± 0.0) compared with ram R1 (4.4 ± 0.5), R2 (3.9 ± 0.0) and R5 (4.7 ± 0.5). The mean motility was 81.7 ± 4.0, viability 90.0 ± 4.0 and concentration 3519.0 ± 545.6 x 106/ml. E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. were found in all four rams’ fresh semen confirmed by culture, staining and biochemical tests. However, Bacillus spp. was found only in ram R5. When the semen samples were treated with antibiotics there was no growth of bacteria after three days of incubation. It is suggested antibiotics control the transmission of microorganisms through AI in ewes.Bangl. vet. 2017. Vol. 34, No. 1, 20-26

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