scholarly journals Resistance to multiple first-line antibiotics among Escherichia coli from poultry in Western Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
Meki Boutaiba Benklaouz ◽  
Hebib Aggad ◽  
Qada Benameur
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
First Line ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Western Algeria

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli can cause a number of serious infections both in human and veterinary medicine. Their management is increasingly complicated by the emergence and dissemination of multiresistance to various first-line antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance level to the commonly used antibiotics, with a focus on the first-line antimicrobial agents, in E. coli strains isolated from poultry in Western Algeria. Materials and Methods: E. coli culture was done on MacConkey agar and their identification was determined by AP20E system. For susceptibility testing, disk diffusion method to 14 antimicrobials, including first-line antibiotics, was used according to Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton agar and the results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. E. coli isolates were considered as multidrug resistance (MDR) when found resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent of three different families of antibiotics. Double-disk synergy and combination disk tests were used for initial screening and confirmation for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production, respectively. Results: A total of 145 E. coli strains were isolated in this study. High resistance levels to various antibiotics, including commonly used first-line antimicrobial agents, were recorded in this study. The highest resistance level was observed against nalidixic acid (90.34%, n=131), followed by tetracycline (86.89%, n=126), ampicillin (82.75%, n=120), enrofloxacin (80.68%, n=117) and neomycin (80.68%, n=117), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (73.79%, n=107), norfloxacin (72.41%, n=105) and cephalothin (72.41%, n=105), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (51.72%, n=75), chloramphenicol (22.75%, n=33), nitrofurantoin (17.24%, n=25), gentamicin (13.10%, n=19), and ceftiofur (3.44%, n=5). Moreover, resistance to multiple first-line antibiotics was also demonstrated in the present study. Overall, 139 out of 145 isolates (95.86%) demonstrated MDR (resistant to at least three antibiotics). In addition, five E. coli isolates (3.44%) were confirmed to be ESBL producers. Conclusion: The alarming rate of E. coli resistant to multiple first-line antibiotics in poultry demands intensified surveillance. These results call for taking drastic measures to preserve antibiotic effectiveness and reduce the emergence risks of extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant E. coli isolates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzymes prevalence in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ronak Bakhtiari ◽  
Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi ◽  
Hedroosha Molla Agamirzaei ◽  
Ailar Sabbaghi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Resistance to b-lactam antibiotics by gramnegative bacteria, especially <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em>, is a major public health issue worldwide. The predominant resistance mechanism in gram negative bacteria particularly <em>E. coli </em>is via the production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBLs) enzymes. In recent years, the prevalence of b-lactamase producing organisms is increased and identification of these isolates by using disk diffusion method and no-one else is not satisfactory. So, this investigation focused on evaluating the prevalence of ESBL enzymes by disk diffusion method and confirmatory test (Combined Disk). Five hundred clinical samples were collected and 200 <em>E. coli </em>isolates were detected by standard biochemical tests. To performing initial screening of ESBLs was used from Disk diffusion method on <em>E. coli </em>isolates. A confirmation test (Combined Disk method) was performed on isolates of resistant to cephalosporin's indicators. Up to 70% isolates exhibited the Multi Drug Resistance phenotype. In Disk diffusion method, 128(64%) <em>E. coli </em>isolates which resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime while in Combined Disk, among 128 screened isolates, 115 (89.8%) isolates were detected as ESBLs producers. This survey indicate beta lactamase enzymes are playing a significant role in antibiotic resistance and correct detection of them in phenotypic test by using disk diffusion and combined Disk is essential for accurate recognition of ESBLs.

scholarly journals Occurrence of toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk cheese in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Paneto ◽  
R.P. Schocken-Iturrino ◽  
C. Macedo ◽  
E. Santo ◽  
J.M. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Raw Milk Cheese

The occurrence of toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk cheese was surveyed in Middle Western Brazil. Fifty samples of cheese from different supermarkets were analyzed for E.coli. The isolates were serotyped and screened for the presence of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The susceptibility to thirteen antimicrobial agents was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. E.coli were recovered from 48 (96.0%) of the samples. The serogroups identified were O125 (6.0%), O111 (4.0%), O55 (2.0%) and O119 (2.0%). Three (6.0%) and 1(2.0%) of the E.coli isolates were VTEC and ETEC, respectively. Most frequent resistance was observed to the following antimicrobials: cephalothin (60.0%), nalidixic acid (40.0%), doxycyclin (33.0%), tetracycline (31.0%) and ampicillin (29.0%).

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from tropical estuary, south India

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Sukumaran ◽  
Abdulla A Mohamed Hatha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

Introduction: Escherichia coli strains can cause a variety of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains have the ability to cause severe extraintestinal infections. Multidrug resistance among ExPEC could complicate human infections. Methodology: Escherichia coli strains were isolated during the period of January 2010 to December 2012 from five different stations set at Cochin estuary. Susceptibility testing was determined by the disk-diffusion method using nine different antimicrobial agents. A total of 155 strains of Escherichia coli were screened for the presence of virulence factor genes including papAH, papC, sfa/focDE, iutA,and kpsMT II associated with ExPEC. Results: Among the 155 E. coli isolates, 26 (16.77%), carried two or more virulence genes typical of ExPEC. Furthermore, 19.23% of the ExPEC isolates with multidrug resistance were identified to belong to phylogenetic groups B2 and D. Statistically significant association of iutA gene in ExPEC was found with papC (p < 0.001) and kpsMT II (p < 0.001) genes. ExPEC isolates were mainly resistant to ampicillin (23.07%), tetracycline (19.23%), co-trimoxazole (15.38%), and cefotaxime (15.38%). The adhesion genes papAH and sfa/focDE were positively associated with resistance to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Co-occurrence of virulence factor genes with antibiotic resistance among ExPEC poses considerable threat to those who use this aquatic system for a living and for recreation.

scholarly journals Investigation of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli from Diarrheic Calves in Selective Area of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKMA Islam ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
A Nahar ◽  
A Khair ◽  
MM Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheic Calves

Molecular technique was used to investigate the prevalence of virulent diarrheic genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. A hundred samples from 100 different diarrheic calves from mid-north-western part of Bangladesh were screened for the presence of virulence factors associated with diarrhea. Following isolation and identification on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical properties, the presence of the virulence genes such as eaeA, bfpA, elt, est, stx1 and stx2 were examined using PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 57 E. coli was determined by agar disk diffusion method for 8 antimicrobial agents. Out of 100 samples 57 (57%) were found to be positive for E. coli and their distribution rates according to their age, breed and sex were  66.7% ( 6 days old ), 85.7% (Sahiwal breed) and in  64.2 % (female calves) respectively. Among 57 E. coli isolates, only 16 isolates were analyzed for the detection of the said genes. Among them, only eaeA gene was detected in 2 E. coli isolates (12.5 %). Antibiotic resistance patterns revealed that Oxacillin, Rifampicin and Penicillin were  100% resistant followed by Erythromycin which was more than 80% resistant. In case of Amoxicillin and Tetracycline, about 59.65% and 61.40% were found to be resistant respectively whereas all 57 E. coli isolates showed moderately susceptible (30%) to Cefuroxime, a second generation Cephalosporin. Therefore, none of the eight antimicrobials studied can not be recommended as single best therapeutic agent for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea. In addition, this study indicated that diarrhea in calves in these locations can be ascribed to mainly Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) which was atypical (only contained the eaeA genes but not bfpA). However, further studies are necessary to characterize the isolated eaeA gene positive E. coli by serotyping, tissue culture assay and other molecular techniques to find out the potentiality of those virulent genes contributing pathogenicity of E. coli causing diarrhea in calves.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23716Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 45-51

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Beasat Hospital in Sanandaj, West of Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Nasrin Bahmani ◽  
Noshin Abdolmaleki ◽  
Afshin Bahmani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent infectious diseases which is caused by Gram-negative bacteria especially Escherichia coli. Multiple resistance to antimicrobial agents are increasing quickly in E. coli isolates and may complicate therapeutic strategies for UTI. The propose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and the multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotypes in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Materials and Methods: A total of 153 UPEC isolates were collected from both hospitalized patients (95 isolates) and outpatients (58 isolates) from March to October 2018. In order to determine the MDR among UPEC isolates, we have tested 15 antimicrobial agents on Muller Hinton agar by the disk diffusion method. Results: The percentage of MDR isolates (resistant to at least three drug classes such as fluoroquinolones, penicillins and cephalosporins) was 55.5% in the hospitalized patients and the outpatients. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole was higher than 60%. Meropenem, Imipenem and norfloxacin indicated markedly greater activity (93.3%, 80% and 85.6%, respectively) than other antimicrobial agents. Conclusions: Urinary tract infection due to MDR E. coli may be difficult to treat empirically due to high resistance to commonly used antibiotics, so, empirical antibiotic treatment should be reviewed periodically at local studies.

SEARCH FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS: QUINOXALINE AS A PROMISING TARGET

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (07) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
R. G Ingle ◽  
◽  
S. J. Wadher
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Quinoxaline Derivatives

A set of ten new 2,3-diphenyl-6-sulfonamido quinoxaline derivatives was synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion method. Test derivatives R3, R5, R’’1 and R’’2 show promising results against bacterial strains S. aureus gram positive and E. coli gram negative organism with the concentration 1000 μg/mL in disk diffusion method. Rest of the derivatives show sensitivity against the same organisms. All the synthesized derivatives were confirmed by their spectral data.

scholarly journals An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Novel Oxazolidinones as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Devi ◽  
Yumna Asmat ◽  
Sonika Jain ◽  
Swapnil Sharma ◽  
Jaya Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Efficient Approach ◽  
Fungal Strains

Oxazolidinone, either mononuclear or condensed with other heterocyclics, has established its importance in medicinal chemistry. A variety of biological activities have been reported by oxazolidinone derivatives. The present work describes the synthesis of several oxazolidinone derivatives, 3-(2-(7-chloroquinoline-4-ylamino)ethyl)-2-imino-5-(4-chloro/nitro/methoxy benzylidene)oxazolidin-4-one 4(a–c) and 4-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylamino)ethyl)-2(4-chloro/nitro/methoxy-benzylidene)-1,6-diox-4,9-di-azaspiro[4,4]nonane-3,8-dione 5(a–c). Synthesized compounds (1, 3, 4a, 5a, and 5c) were screened against bacterial strains such asS. aureus(MTCC 96) andE. coli(MTCC119) and fungal strainsA. niger(MTCC 1344) andC. albicans(MTCC 871) compared with penicillin for bacteria and fluconazole for fungi as reference drugs by disk diffusion method. All synthesized compounds were identified by the means of IR, NMR, and MS.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Sciberras ◽  
M. Pipová ◽  
I. Regecová ◽  
P. Jevinová ◽  
S. Demjanová
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The purpose of this study was to detect the antibiotic resistance of forty-one Escherichia coli isolates from the intestinal contents of slaughtered broiler chickens using the disk diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer. Mueller-Hinton agar plates were inoculated with 0.1 ml overnight broth cultures of individual E. coli isolates and the disks with the following concentrations of antibiotics were applied onto them: ampicillin (10 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), streptomycin (10 μg), azithromycin (15 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (30 μg) and levofloxacin (3 μg). After the incubation at 37 °C for 16—18 hours, the inhibition zones were measured and interpreted in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) zone diameter breakpoints. Almost all E. coli isolates showed resistance to tetracycline (92.68 %), most of them were resistant to gentamicin (75.61 %) and levofloxacine (70.73 %). Phenotypic resistance to tetracycline was further confirmed with the help of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) procedure focused on the presence of specific tet(A) and tet(B) genes. These genes were detected in all 41 E. coli isolates. On the contrary, E. coli isolates were highly susceptible to both azithromycin and streptomycin. In conclusion, the study highlighted the role of commensal E. coli bacteria isolated from the intestines of broiler chickens as an important reservoir of tetracycline resistance genes.

scholarly journals Detection of CTX-M-type ESBLs Escherichia coli at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261
Author(s):  
Siti Norlia Othman ◽  
Salasawati Hussin ◽  
Ramliza Ramli ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esbl Producers

Objective: To determine ESBLs and CTX-M-type ESBL-producing Escherichia coli at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) by multiplex PCR.Materials and Methods: ESBL producing E. coli strains were confirmed by disk diffusion method. On the contrary, CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli strains were confirmed by multiplex PCR.Results: Out of 554 collected E. coli isolates from UKMMC, 96 of these were detected as ESBL-producers. In 96 isolates, 76 viable strains were subjected to multiplex PCR for the detection of blaCTX genes. In which 70 (92.1%) were CTX-M-type ESBLs with the majority of CTX-M-1 group (77.1%), followed by CTX-M-9 group (21.4%) and one (1.4%) from CTX-M-2 group. Conclusions: CTX-M-type ESBLs were the predominant ESBL types isolated at UKMMC. CTX-M-1 and -9 groups were found in majority of the clinical isolates. Although phenotypic characteristics based on disk diffusion test provided similar results, however, molecular detection of genes of organisms is important for further epidemiological investigations.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.257-261

scholarly journals Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from raw vegetables in Lebanon

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima Faour-Klingbeil ◽  
Victor Kuri ◽  
Sukayna Fadlallah ◽  
Ghassan M. Matar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

Introduction: Fresh produce has been implicated in a number of documented outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have been detected on vegetables, raising concerns about the prevalence of E. coli contamination in produce, which can take place at various points from farm to fork. This study aimed to detect the presence of STEC and multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli on fresh vegetables and water from different sources along the fresh produce supply chain in Lebanon. Methodology: E. coli isolates (n = 60) were group serotyped using trivalent antisera (trivalent 1 [O111+O55+O26], trivalent 2 [O86+O119+O127], trivalent 3 [O125; O126; O128], and trivalent 4 [O114+O124+O142]) and tested for stx1 and stx2 genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Resistance to antimicrobial agents was determined using the disk diffusion method. Results: The virulence genes stx1 and stx2 were not detected in any of the isolates. However, 60% of the isolates were MDR and predominantly observed in trivalent 2 (32%). It is postulated that the inadequate post-harvest washing contributed to transmission of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli at wholesale and retail levels. Fresh vegetables harbor MDR E. coli and their consumption poses risks of increasing the reservoir of antimicrobial resistance in the intestines of the Lebanese population. Conclusions: Greater emphasis should be placed on vigilant sanitation measures at the consumption level, and effective national risk mitigation strategies are crucial to minimize fecal contamination in the early stages of production, particularly in the post-harvest washing processes.

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