scholarly journals In ovo inhibition of avian pox virus replication by mangosteen rind and red ginger ethanolic extracts

2021 ◽  
pp. 2640-2645
Author(s):  
Annisaa' Lu'lu Nur'aini ◽  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Tri Untari
Keyword(s):  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Avian Pox ◽  
Red Ginger

Background and Aim: Avian pox is a contagious disease caused by the avian pox virus (APV). Mangostin and γ-mangostin in mangosteen rind (MR) and gingerol in red ginger (RG) exhibit antiviral activity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of MR and RG ethanolic extracts on APV based on pock lesions on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Materials and Methods: Three APVs from chicken isolates (C1, C2, and C3), one APV from a pigeon isolate (P), 1.5% and 3% MR ethanolic extract, 5% and 10% RG ethanolic extract, and a combination of 1.5% MR and 5% RG at 0.1 mL/ egg were inoculated in ovo (7th day incubation, chorioallantoic route) in SPF ECEs. A control group inoculated in ovo with APV alone was also established. Each treatment consisted of three replicates. Parameters including embryo survival, CAM lesions, and average number of pock lesions were determined. Results: In ovo inoculation of MR and RG ethanolic extracts was not harmful to the ECEs and did not induce CAM lesions. The average number of pock lesions in the control group (C1, C2, C3, and P) was 35, 14, 10, and 17, respectively, whereas in all treatment groups, the number was 0, except in the 5% RG group of C1, which had a value of 10. Conclusion: In ovo inoculation of 1.5% and 3% MR, 5% and 10% RG, and the combination of 1.5% MR plus 5% RG ethanolic extract s at 0.1 mL/egg inhibit APV by reducing the number of pock lesions on the CAM of the ECE.

scholarly journals Analgesic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Temu Giring Rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val & Zijp) in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Marianne ◽  
Khairunnisa ◽  
Wilda
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Thermal Induction

Temu giring (Curcuma heyneana Val & Zijp) is a traditional medicinal plant that is believed in community as an analgesic. The objective of this research was to determine the analgesic activity of the C. heyneana rhizome by using infra red (IR) thermal induction method in mice. Mice were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 served as negative control, group 2,3,4,5 served as treatment groups which is  given ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome at  dose of 5, 25, 125, and 625 mg/kg respectively, group 6 and 7 served as  comparable groups, given antalgin 65 mg/kg and morphine sulphate 1.3 mg/kg respectively. The observation have been done, included to pain resistance of mice which exposed by infra red (IR) every 10 minutes for 80 minutes. The data were analyzed by ANOVA at the significance level of 95%. Ethanolic extract of C. heyneana at the doses of 25, 125, and 625 mg/kg had significant effect to reduce the pain compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome at dose of 125 mg/kg, had the same effect to antalgin 65 mg/kg  (p≥0.05), while the ethanolic extract of C. heyneana at the dose of 625 mg/kg had the same effect as morphine sulfate 1.3 mg/kg (p≥0.05). It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome has analgesic activity.   Keywords: temu giring, analgesic, Curcuma heyneana, rhizome

scholarly journals Study on Acute Oral Toxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Annonasquamosa Leaves in Mice (Musmusculus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa ◽  
Andini Dita Utami ◽  
Marianne
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Method ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Tubular Dilatation

Abstract. The aims of this study were to determine the potential for acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with LD50 and the histopathological changes in liver and kidney of mice.This research used experimental method as per fixed dose method. The number of animals used in this research were 20 female mice. The study was divided into 2 steps, there were sighting and main studies. The control group was given Na-CMC 0.5%, the treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 5, 50, 300,  2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw did not show any toxicity signs. At a dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw caused hydropic degeneration, necrosis hepatocyte, glomerular atrophy, and tubular dilatation.  There was no mortality was observed.It was estimated that LD50 of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves was higher than 5,000 mg/kg bw and the extract were practically non-toxic. Keywords: Acute Toxicity,  Annona squamosa, Ethanolic Extract

scholarly journals Dietary Ethanolic Extract of Mangosteen pericarp Reduces VCAM-1, Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Aortic Intimal Medial Thickness in Hypercholesterolemic Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 3158-3163
Author(s):  
Titin Andri Wihastuti ◽  
Fitria Nugraha Aini ◽  
Cholid Tri Tjahjono ◽  
Teuku Heriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Wistar Strain

BACKGROUND: High-fat diet (HFD) is associated with dyslipidemia which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia causes oxidative stress which induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Oxidative stress also triggers the thickening of tunica intima-media (IMT) and Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT). Xanthone compound in ethanolic extract of Mangosteen pericarp (EEMP) has an antioxidant property to overcome the oxidative stress. AIM: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary EEMP administration on the expression of VCAM-1 and thickness of PVAT and IMT in atherosclerotic rat model fed with HFD. METHODS: This experimental laboratory study uses 25 Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus which were divided into 5 study groups. Negative Control group (GT1) was given a normal diet, Positive Control group (GT2) was treated with HFD, and three treatment groups were each treated with HFD with Mangosteen pericarp extract of 200 mg/kg BW (GT3), 400 mg/kg BW (GT4), and 800 mg/kg BW (GT5). Measurements of VCAM-1 expression were performed using immunofluorescence. PVAT and IMT measurements were performed on rat aortic preparations. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA test showed the addition of dietary EEMP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the expression of VCAM-1 and decreased the thickness of PVAT and IMT in treatment groups as compared with both negative and positive controls. Tukey HSD test showed a dose of 800 mg/kg BW was the most effective dose for decreasing VCAM-1 level, PVAT and IMT. CONCLUSION: Dietary EEMP significantly decreases the expression of VCAM-1, as well as the thickness of PVAT and IMT in Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus treated with HFD.

scholarly journals Effects of Sunset Yellow FCF on immune system organs during different chicken embryonic periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Çolakoğlu ◽  
Muhammet Lütfi Selçuk
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spleen Volume ◽  
Sunset Yellow ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Most Significant Change

AbstractIntroductionSunset Yellow FCF (SY), used frequently in ready-made foods, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry, may cause many health problems. This study is intended to evaluate the morphological and cellular effects of SY on the embryonic chicken immune system throughout incubation.Material and MethodsBabcock white leghorn eggs were randomly divided into four groups. Besides a control group, there were three treatment groups which received a single injection of 200, 1,000, or 2,000 ng of SY into the air sac just before incubation. The eggs were opened on the 10th, 13th, 16th, and 21st days of incubation. Samples of the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen were taken from embryos. Serial sections of 5 μm thickness were stained with histological methods and routine histological procedures were performed.ResultsAn increase in the spleen volume was determined as the hatching time of the chicks approached. The highest eosinophil ratio was found in the SY1,000 and SY2,000 groups (P < 0.05), where the most significant change was developmental retardation in the thymus. In the bursa of Fabricius, there was less lymphocyte accumulation and eosinophilic cell infiltration with increasing doses.ConclusionIt was concluded that in ovo administered SY has undesired effects on embryonic development of the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus, and on spleen volume.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial activity and acute toxicity of pomegranate (punica granatum l.) seed ethanolic extracts in swiss webster mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Riani Setiadhi ◽  
Irna Sufiawati ◽  
Dewi Zakiawati ◽  
Nanan Nur’aeny ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Pomegranate Seeds

Objective: To evaluate the safety of a pomegranate seeds ethanolic extract in Swiss Webster mice.Material and Methods: Pomegranate seed’s ethanolic extracts were evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration against streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, using microdilution method through 96-wells microplate. In acute toxicity test, 12 females and 12 males Swiss Webster mice weighing 20–30 grams were divided into four groups, each consisting of 3 females and 3 males. Three groups were orally given of sample with concentrations 0.2% equivalent to 40 mg/kg, 0.4% equivalent to 80 mg/kg, and 0.8% equivalent to 160 mg/kg, while the control group was given distilled water. Observations were made at 30, 60, and 90 minutes, for 24 hours and 7 days.Results: The MIC against Streptococcus sanguis was on 2000 ppm concentration and until 24 hours observation no lethal effect occurred on the mice, but at the 7 days observation in the group of 0.8% per kilogram body weight, the lethal effect occurred at one mice.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of pomegranate seeds has antibacterial effect and no acute systemic toxicity, which can be considered safe on the use as oral topical solution since the toxic dose is greater than 160 mg/kg of body weight.

scholarly journals The Relation between Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Histopatological Appearance in male Wistar Rats Model

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Febrina Sylva Fridayanti ◽  
Erma Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Elly Nurus Sakinah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Fractures are a serious health problem in Indonesia due to increasing prevalence. The healing process of fracture is disturbed by the oxidative stress that caused by imbalance quantity of free radical and antioxidant. An antioxidant such as polyphenol, which can be found in cocoa, is needed to suppress oxidative stress. The study aimed to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of cacao on fracture healing process in a rat model through MDA concentration and histopatological appearance. This study is in vivo experimental study with post-test only controlled group design. 30 male Wistar rats were randomized and divided into 5 groups. 1 group was rats without fractured. The negative control and three treatment groups were rats with fractured manually on left tibia under anesthesia and immobilized by bandage. The treatment groups treated with cocoa ethanolic extract in a dose of 125 mg/kgBW, 250 mg/kgBW, and 500 mg/kgBW orally for 21 days. The result showed that there was a significant different between the treatment groups and the negative control group on MDA concentration and histopatological appearance (p>0,05). The corelation between them were strong and had negative direction (R=-0,771). The study concluded that cocoa ethanolic extract had a positive effect to supress oxidation stress and increases the number of osteoblast on fracture healing process. Key words: cocoa ethanolic extract, polyphenol, fracture healing process, oxidative stress

scholarly journals Anti-snake Venom Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Crinum jagus Bulb

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. H. Zailani ◽  
P. K. Magaji ◽  
S. Sarkiyayi ◽  
A. U. Wurochekke
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Aim: To determine the anti-snake venom effect of crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts and separated fractions of Crinum jagus bulb on rats injected with Echis ocellatus venom. Study Design: Evaluation of LD50 of venom, anti-lethal effects of different extract preparations and their effect on neutralising haemorrhage; the hallmark of Echis ocellatus venom toxicity. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry laboratory, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria between March and October 2017. Methodology: venom was collected by the milking method. Fractionation of crude extracts was done by column chromatography separately with benzene/methanol, acetic acid/methanol and ethyl acetate/methanol. Thirty rats were used determine LD50 of venom while twenty-four albino rats were used in the anti-venom study; divided into 6 groups of 4 rats each. Group one served as the normal control, group two served as venom untreated control while groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were injected with 0.2 mg/mL Echis ocellatus venom and treated with 200 mg/kg body weight crude extracts, fractions I, II and III respectively then observed for 24 hours. Results: LD50 of venom was found to be 5 mg/mL; column chromatography of crude extracts gave three fractions each designated I, II and III respectively. Phytochemical analysis of both crude aqueous and ethanolic extract of Crinum jagus bulb revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and phenolics. Only fraction III of both aqueous and ethanolic extract maintained all phytochemicals from the crude. Both extracts and their fractions were all able to neutralise the venom. For the aqueous extract, the crude extract and fraction III gave the best result while for the ethanolic extract, fractions II and III caused the best neutralisation. Conclusion: Crinum jagus bulb has demonstrated significant anti-venom activity, this can be exploited for the development of new anti-snake venom drugs.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study of Standardized Faloak Bark ( Sterculia quadrifida R. Br.) Extract on Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 656-661
Author(s):  
Suci Noviyanah ◽  
Triana Hertiani ◽  
Retno Murwanti ◽  
Siswadi ◽  
Erna Prawita Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Treatment Groups

The bark of Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br., Malvaceae) is used for traditional medicine in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the level of toxicity of the Faloak bark standardized ethanolic extract. The barks were collected from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. TLC profile was determined by TLC-densitometry, total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined in ethanolic extract from bark of faloak (S.quadrifida) by UV-V is method. The acute toxicity was performed according to the TD420 method by OECD (2001) on Wistar rats. The animals were grouped into control and treatment groups (2000 mg/kg body weight). All animals were evaluated for possible toxicity signs by measuring body weight, food and water consumption, and histopathological observation. The result of mean concentration of total phenolic content was found to be 17,69±2,01 (%GAE) and concentration of total flavonoid content was found to be 8,56 ± 0,02 (%NE). The results showed that no mortality occurs after 14 days of treatment. In general, no significant changes in animal behavior, body weight, food and water consumption compared to the control group. Histological observation found no sign of toxicity on vital organs. LD50 values obtained from the acute toxicity test results for Faloak ethanol extract (Sterculia quadrifida R. Bark) are higher than 2,000 mg/kg BW and categorized as having a low level of toxicity.

scholarly journals Uji Potensi Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Kulit Buah Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap Kadar Kreatinin dan Ureum Tikus Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

KOVALEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Joni Tandi ◽  
Heru Khairul Muttaqin ◽  
Kiki Rizki Handayani ◽  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
Recky Patala
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of bitter beans peels (Parkia speciosa Hassk)  extract on creatinine and urea levels, and the effective dose of the exctract on creatinine and urea levels. This research was a laboratory experiment using 25 rats which were divided into five treatment groups, each group consisting of 5 rats. Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (negative control) were given suspension of Na-CMC, groups 3, 4, and 5 respectively given petai rind ethanolic extract doses of 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg. The results showed that petai fruit (Parkia speciosa hassk) peels extract had an effect on creatinine and urea levels of diabetes hypercholesterolemia male rats by an effective dose of 300 mg/kg which has an effect on creatinine levels by an average of 0.38 mg/dL and ureum levels by an average of 12.9 mg/dL. Keywords: petai fruit peels extract, secondary metabolite, creatinine, ureum, Streptozotocin

scholarly journals The Number of Macrophages and Heterophils on Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane After Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr Extract Treatment and bFgF Induction

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽  
Yuseni Kusuma P. ◽  
Retno Bijanti ◽  
Bimo Aksono
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Antiangiogenic Effect ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane

Antiangiogenesis (inhibition of new blood vessels formation) has become a strategy to inhibit cancer development. The aim of this experiment was to investigate antiangiogenic effect of Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr focusing on the decreasing of the number of macrophages and heterophils on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Nine-days-aged-eggs were divided into six groups (eight eggs each group). Group I (positive control) eggs were induced with bFGF+Tris HCl. Group II (negative control) eggs were treated with DMSO+Tris HCl. Group III (treatment I) eggs were induced with 60 ng bFGF and treated with ethanolic extract of G. procumbens leaves with the dose of 60 µg. The following treatment groups, i.e. group IV (treatment II), group V (treatment III), and group VI (treatment IV) were treated with increasing dose of extract, starting from 75 µg, 90 µg, and the last was 110 µg. Eggs were incubated until they reach the age of twelve days to observe macrophages, while to observe heterophils, eggs were incubated until the age of seventeen days. Based on haematoxylin-eosin staining, macrophages in the treatment groups were less than the control positive group (bFGF+Tris HCl), but based on giemsa staining, the effect of Gynura procumbens in decreasing the number of heterophils could not be observed because some blood smears. These analysis suggest that the ethanolic extract of Gynura procumbens leaves can perform as antiangiogenic agent decreasing the number of macrophages.Keywords: antiangiogenic, macrophages, heterophils, Gynura procumbens

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