scholarly journals Effects of Sunset Yellow FCF on immune system organs during different chicken embryonic periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Çolakoğlu ◽  
Muhammet Lütfi Selçuk
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spleen Volume ◽  
Sunset Yellow ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Most Significant Change

AbstractIntroductionSunset Yellow FCF (SY), used frequently in ready-made foods, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry, may cause many health problems. This study is intended to evaluate the morphological and cellular effects of SY on the embryonic chicken immune system throughout incubation.Material and MethodsBabcock white leghorn eggs were randomly divided into four groups. Besides a control group, there were three treatment groups which received a single injection of 200, 1,000, or 2,000 ng of SY into the air sac just before incubation. The eggs were opened on the 10th, 13th, 16th, and 21st days of incubation. Samples of the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen were taken from embryos. Serial sections of 5 μm thickness were stained with histological methods and routine histological procedures were performed.ResultsAn increase in the spleen volume was determined as the hatching time of the chicks approached. The highest eosinophil ratio was found in the SY1,000 and SY2,000 groups (P < 0.05), where the most significant change was developmental retardation in the thymus. In the bursa of Fabricius, there was less lymphocyte accumulation and eosinophilic cell infiltration with increasing doses.ConclusionIt was concluded that in ovo administered SY has undesired effects on embryonic development of the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus, and on spleen volume.

scholarly journals The Embryotoxic Effects of in Ovo Administered Sunset Yellow FCF in Chick Embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Fatma Colakoglu ◽  
Muhammet Lutfi Selcuk
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Sunset Yellow ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Embryotoxic Effects

Sunset yellow (SY) at prescribed concentrations has been approved by regulatory authorities in several countries as an additive dye in the food, beverage, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, there are some reports that it may cause several health problems. The aim of this study is to evaluate embryotoxic effects of SY on liver and kidney in chick embryos. Babcock white Leghorn eggs were randomly divided into four groups. Non-treated eggs served as control group. The eggs in groups SY200, SY1000, and SY2000 were treated with a single injection of 200, 1000, and 2000 ng SY into the air sac just before incubation. The developmental stages of embryos were determined on the 10th, 13th, 16th, and 21st days of incubation. Samples of the liver and kidney were taken and routine histological procedures were performed. The highest relative embryo weight was seen in all SY treated groups on the 16th day of incubation. Necrosis of some hepatocytes and cytoplasmic degenerations were observed in all SY groups in the liver. There were degenerated or destructed renal cortex structures and necrosis in the kidney. The cell’s nuclear areas and diameters of renal cortex structures were different in all SY groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that in ovo administered SY has many unfavorable effects on liver and kidney in chick embryos. The results obtained in this study suggest that it may be advisable to re-assess safety levels of SY in many industries.

scholarly journals Salmonella Enteritidis detection and immunological cellular response to experimental inoculation in day-old turkeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Eliete Souza Santana ◽  
Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos ◽  
José Henrique Stringhini ◽  
Regiane Nascimento Gagno Porto ◽  
Robson Rodrigues Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of this research is to clarify aspects of the pathogenesis of Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally inoculated day-old turkeys. Three treatments were conducted among a total of 120 turkeys; one control group and two treatment groups in which 6 x 102 CFU mL-1 and 7 x 105 CFU mL-1, respectively, of Salmonella Enteritidis was inoculated in the crops. Two birds from each treatment were sacrificed and necropsied at 1, 3, 4, 12, 18, and 24 hours, and 3, 4, 38, and 49 days post-inoculation. We re-isolated Salmonella, measured lymphocytes, and conducted immunohistochemical tests. Six hours post-inoculation, Salmonella was found in the investigated organs (yolk sac, cecum, fragments of spleen, and bursa of Fabricius) with conventional bacteriology and immunohistochemistry, and was continuously detected in almost all analyzed organs until turkeys were four-days old. Further, Salmonella was detected after 38 days in cecum, when the concentration 7 x 105 CFU mL-1 was given. At both inoculation concentrations, the number of lymphocytes was similar; larger quantities were found in the first hour post-inoculation, followed by a gradual reduction, reaching the lowest levels at 24 hours after inoculation. Afterwards, lymphocytes increased discreetly, remaining at the same level until 49 days after inoculation. In conclusion, inoculation concentration influences mitigation, dissemination, elimination, and persistence of this pathogen in turkeys. Lower concentrations promote less invasion as well as lower cell stain and lower lymphocyte count.

scholarly journals In ovo inhibition of avian pox virus replication by mangosteen rind and red ginger ethanolic extracts

2021 ◽  
pp. 2640-2645
Author(s):  
Annisaa' Lu'lu Nur'aini ◽  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Tri Untari
Keyword(s):  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Avian Pox ◽  
Red Ginger

Background and Aim: Avian pox is a contagious disease caused by the avian pox virus (APV). Mangostin and γ-mangostin in mangosteen rind (MR) and gingerol in red ginger (RG) exhibit antiviral activity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of MR and RG ethanolic extracts on APV based on pock lesions on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Materials and Methods: Three APVs from chicken isolates (C1, C2, and C3), one APV from a pigeon isolate (P), 1.5% and 3% MR ethanolic extract, 5% and 10% RG ethanolic extract, and a combination of 1.5% MR and 5% RG at 0.1 mL/ egg were inoculated in ovo (7th day incubation, chorioallantoic route) in SPF ECEs. A control group inoculated in ovo with APV alone was also established. Each treatment consisted of three replicates. Parameters including embryo survival, CAM lesions, and average number of pock lesions were determined. Results: In ovo inoculation of MR and RG ethanolic extracts was not harmful to the ECEs and did not induce CAM lesions. The average number of pock lesions in the control group (C1, C2, C3, and P) was 35, 14, 10, and 17, respectively, whereas in all treatment groups, the number was 0, except in the 5% RG group of C1, which had a value of 10. Conclusion: In ovo inoculation of 1.5% and 3% MR, 5% and 10% RG, and the combination of 1.5% MR plus 5% RG ethanolic extract s at 0.1 mL/egg inhibit APV by reducing the number of pock lesions on the CAM of the ECE.

scholarly journals Post-vaccinal reaction for some vaccines used against Newcastle disease in Sulaimaniyah province

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
E.A. Abdul Ahad
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to investigate the safety of the most commonly used Newcastle disease vaccines in Al-Sulaimaniyah province (LaSota and Clone30). A total of 225 one-day-old broiler chicks of Ross 308 breed were investigated for their maternal-derived antibody (MDA) titers by ELISA test. Subsequently, these chicks were divided randomly into 3 equal groups; ( 2 treatment groups, a T1 group which was vaccinated by LaSota vaccine and T2 group which was vaccinated by the Clone30 vaccine). and control non-vaccinated group. ELISA test was used to investigate the antibody titers against NDV in all groups on day 10 post second vaccination at 34 days of chicks age and tissue biopsies were obtained for histopathological examination from the trachea, spleen, Bursa of Fabricius and thymus to explore the tissue changes that may be induced by the vaccine. Significant variation was observed in the means of antibody titers against NDV between the control and treatment groups, whereas, no significant variation was observed between the treatment groups themselves. The histopathological examination results showed that a reactive lymphocytic response was observed in both treatment groups compared to the control group. In addition, focal epithelial sloughing and mucopurulent exudates were observed in the trachea of T1 group chicks only. The result of this study showed that the NDV vaccine of clone30 is approximate of the same efficiency and more secure than LaSota vaccine.

Changes of IL-4 and IFN-g expression in monocytes and T-helper lymphocytes while modeling of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
В.Н. Сахаров ◽  
П.Ф. Литвицкий ◽  
Е.И. Алексеева ◽  
Н.А. Маянский ◽  
Р.Ш. Закиров
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
T Helpers

Цель исследования - изучение перепрограммирования мононуклеарных лейкоцитов на модели системного ювенильного идиопатического артрита (сЮИА), воспроизводимой у крыс Wistar с использованием полного адъюванта Фрейнда и липополисахарида. Методика. сЮИА воспроизведен у 6-месячных крыс-самцов Wistar. На 40-е сут. эксперимента животные были разделены на 3 группы: 1-я группа - контроль; 2-я - группа доксициклина; 3-я - группа дексаметазона. Взятие проб крови у животных проводили на нулевые, 41-е и 55-е сут. Мононуклеарные клетки периферической крови выделяли гравиметрически, после чего окрашивали их на маркеры и внутриклеточные цитокины. Дифференцировали моноциты (CD3-CD4+) и Т-хелперы (CD3+CD4+). Анализировали динамику внутриклеточной экспрессии интерлейкина IL-4 (рассматривали как маркер про-М2 фенотипа, так как в случае выделения из клетки ИЛ-4 служит стимулятором М2 поляризации макрофагов) и IFN-g (как маркер про-М1 фенотипа) по данным проточной цитофлуориметрии. Применяли непараметрический статистический тест Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon в программе R для статистической обработки данных. Результаты и заключение. При моделировании сЮИА выявлено закономерное изменение фенотипа моноцитов. Применение же доксициклина и дексаметазона приводило к более ранней поляризации их по про-М2-пути в отношении моноцитов (на 41-е сут.) в сравнении с контролем. Про-М1 эффект (на 55-е сут., в сравнении с контролем) выявлен также в группах доксициклина и дексаметазона. У животных разных групп обнаружены характерные динамические изменения внутриклеточной экспрессии цитокинов. Важно, что различная направленность поляризации фенотипа при сЮИА и применении препаратов наблюдается не только у моноцитов, но и у Т-хелперов. The study objective was to evaluate targeted reprogramming of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) modeled in 6-month-old male Wistar rats by co-administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant and lipopolysaccharide. Methods. On day 40 of the experiment, rats were divided into three groups: control, doxycycline, and dexamethasone groups. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 41, and 55. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated gravimetrically and stained for markers and cytokines. Monocytes (CD3-CD4+) and T-helpers (CD3+CD4+) were differentiated as target cells. IL-4 was considered a marker for the pro-M2 phenotype since IL-4 can activate M2 macrophage polarization; IFN-g was considered a marker for the pro-M1 phenotype. Time-related changes in the intracellular expression of IL-4 and IFN-g were studied using flow cytometry. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical tests (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon) in the R environment for statistical computing. Results and conclusions. Monocytes (like macrophages) underwent reprogramming during the development of modeled sJIA disease. In monocytes of doxycycline and dexamethasone treatment groups, pro-M2 effects were observed earlier (day 41) than in the control group. Pro-M1 effects were observed in monocytes of doxycycline and dexamethasone groups on day 55, as compared with the control group. Characteristic time-related changes of intracellular cytokine expression were described for different groups. Importantly, the differently directed phenotype polarization was observed in sJIA and treatment groups for both monocytes and T-helpers.

Mechanism Involved in Fortification by Berberine in CDDP-Induced Nephrotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin K. Verma ◽  
Salma Malik ◽  
Ekta Mutneja ◽  
Anil K. Sahu ◽  
Kumari Rupashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: The activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway has been shown to protect against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress. Berberine (Ber), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities in various experimental models. Aim: To check the effect of Ber on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and to explore the involved mechanism. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Normal, cisplatin-control, treatment groups and per se group. Normal saline and Ber (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered to rats for 10 days. A single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (8 mg/kg) was injected on 7th day to induced nephrotoxicity. On 10th day, rats were sacrificed, the kidney was removed and stored for the estimation of various parameters. Results: As compared to cisplatin-control group, Ber pretreatment improved renal function system and preserved renal architecture. It also diminished oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 proteins. In addition, Ber attenuated the cisplatin mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it also reduced the phosphorylation of p38/JNK and PARP/Beclin-1 expression in the kidney. Conclusion: Ber attenuated renal injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting JNK/p38MAPKs/ PARP/Beclin-1 expression which prevented oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in renal tissue.

Immunomodulatory Effect of Andrographis paniculata during Lead Induced Toxicity in Broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Ingole ◽  
A. S. Chandewar ◽  
M. V. Joshi ◽  
Madhuri Hedau ◽  
S W Hajare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

The effect of dietary lead exposure on immunomodulation of broilers and possible ameliorative effect of Andrographis paniculata were studied. One hundred broiler chicks were randomly divided into five equal groups of 20 each. Group T0 served as control while group T1, T2, T3 and T4 birds were provided commercial diet with lead acetate at the dose of 300 ppm in feed. Powder of dry leaves of Andrographis paniculata was mixed in the feed of group T2, T3 and T4 chicks at the dose of 2 gm, 3 gm and 4 gm/kg of feed respectively and fed for 4 weeks. Significant decrease in HI titres in T1 group and significant increase in T4 group suggested increased haemagglutination titre (HI) response. The maximum skin thickness and diameter on 24th and 48th hours was observed in control group birds (T0) and was comparable with T4 group. Microscopically spleen, thymus and bursa of fabricius revealed increase in lymphoid population in birds fed lead acetate along with Andrographis paniculata compared to T1 group. We concluded that Andrographis paniculata has immunomodulatory effect during lead toxicity in broilers.

Efficacy of Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus Protocol for Improvement of Fertility in Postpartum Sahiwal Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lakher ◽  
M. K. Awasthi ◽  
J. R. Khan ◽  
M. R. Poyam
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
And Control

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Ovsynch and Ovsynch plus protocol in postpartum (day 60) Sahiwal cows (n=18). Animals were randomly divided into three equal groups, viz., Ovsynch group Ovsynch plus group and Control group. Animals of group I (n = 6) were treated with traditional Ovsynch protocol. The animals (n = 6) of group II were treated with Ovsynch plus protocol which consisted of an initial intramuscular injection of eCG (Folligon) @ 250 IU on day 60 postpartum followed 3 days later by GPG (Ovsynch) protocol. In group-III Control, no treatment was given to animals (n = 6). Treated animals were inseminated at a fixed time between 14 and 20 hrs after second GnRH injection, irrespective of estrus detection. Blood samples were collected from each animal on days 50 and 60 postpartum to determine the status of cyclicity in animals based on serum concentrations of progesterone (P4). A third blood sample was collected on the day of prostaglandin treatment to determine the response of first GnRH injection. Four animals each were cyclic, and two were acyclic in both treatment groups. Four animals each responded to first GnRH treatment in both treatment groups. Similarly, two animals each got conceived giving conception rate of 50% (2/4) in each treatment. In the control group, one out of 6 animals got conceived yielding 16.66 % conception rate (1/6) during the study period. It may be thus concluded that Ovsynch and Ovsynch plus protocol may be used during the early postpartum period to improve the reproductive efficiency in postpartum Sahiwal cows.

scholarly journals Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles—Toxicity and Effect of In Ovo Inoculation on Chicken Embryo Development, Broiler Performance and Bone Status

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Matuszewski ◽  
Monika Łukasiewicz ◽  
Jan Niemiec ◽  
Maciej Kamaszewski ◽  
Sławomir Jaworski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Ovo

The use of intensive selection procedure in modern broiler chicken lines has led to the development of several skeletal disorders in broiler chickens. Therefore, current research is focused on methods to improve the bone quality in birds. In ovo technology, using nanoparticles with a high specificity to bones, is a potential approach. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of in ovo inoculation (IOI) of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CCN) on chicken embryo development, health status, bone characteristics, and on broiler production results and bone quality. After assessing in vitro cell viability, the IOI procedure was performed with an injection of 500 μg/mL CCN. The control group was not inoculated with CCN. Hatchability, weight, and selected bone and serum parameters were measured in embryos. Part of hatchlings were reared under standard conditions until 42 days, and production results, meat quality, and bone quality of broilers were determined. CCN did not show cytotoxicity to cells and chicken embryo and positively influenced bone parameters of the embryos and of broilers later (calcification) without negatively affecting the production results. Thus, the IOI of CCN could modify the molecular responses at the stage of embryogenesis, resulting in better mineralization, and could provide a sustained effect, thereby improving bone quality in adult birds.

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