scholarly journals Amelioration of Salt Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine Max. L) by Plant-Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria Produce 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylase Deaminase

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumella Simarmata ◽  
Ngadiman Ngadiman ◽  
Saifur Rohman ◽  
Partomuan Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Soybean Seedlings

     Salinity is a major abiotic stress that can induce ethylene synthesis beyond the normal limits as plants response to stress and hence reduces crop productivity. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylase deaminase (ACCD)-producing bacteria can reduce excessive ethylene synthesis by taking ACC (ethylene precursor) as a nitrogen source. This study showed the possibility of using endophytic bacteria in order to reduce the undesirable effects of salinity. Strain Pseudomonas putida PIR3C and Roultella terrigena PCM8 exhibited promising performance for promoting the growth of plant under salinity stress conditions. The results showed that bacterial inoculation was effective even in the presence of higher salinity levels. Strain P. putida PIR3C was the most efficient strain compared to the other strains and significantly increased shoot length, root length, dry weight, germination percentage, and reduced stem diameter. The role of ACCD in reducing ethylene production under salinity stress conditions was also studied by measuring the evolution of ethylene in vitro by soybean seeds treated with some ACCD bacterial strain. The maximum ethylene lowering capacity was observed in R. terrigena PCM8, the strain reduced ethylene production from 622.81 nmol.g-1(control) to 352.78 nmol.g-1 (43% reduction). The production of α-ketobutyrate, chlorophyll content and germination percentage from P. putida PIR3C was higher than other strains. The results suggested that strain P. putida PIR3C and R. terrigena PCM8 can be employed for salinity tolerance in soybean seedlings and may have better prospects for an amelioration of stress condition.

scholarly journals Identification of in-vitro PEG Mediated Drought Tolerance Genotype in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shahriar Rahman Shovon ◽  
Md. Arifuzzaman ◽  
Most. Farzana Haque ◽  
Bhabendra Kumar Biswas ◽  
Most. Moriom Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Drought is a serious bottleneck in the production of rice globally. For this, an experiment was conducted in-vitro on six rice genotypes viz. BRRI Dhan-28, Begunbahar, Burikatari, Pashpai, Dular and Begunbichi to investigate the effect polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediated artificial drought on morpho-physiological parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation. Here, different doses of PEG-6000 viz. 0gL-1, 15gL-1, 30gL-1, 45gL-1 and 60gL-1 were used with Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The results demonstrated that BRRI Dhan-28, Burikatari and Dular revealed greater performance at control conditions but at the highest degree of water stress conditions only Burikatari showed higher mean value for all parameters studied. Again, Begunbichi followed by BRRI Dhan-28 exhibited the lowest mean value for almost all traits except for proline accumulation. Here, water stress decreased the performance of morpho-physiological characters except proline accumulation in rice. The cluster analysis was performed and distributed into three groups where there was a significant variation among the clusters at different water stress conditions. Here, the genotype Burikatari is more diverse giving maximum Euclidian distances in drought treatments. It could be considered as a parent in the hybridization program against Begunbahar, Dular and Paspai. Therefore, considering the mean performances and cluster analysis, Burikatari exhibited greater performances against the highest degree of drought conditions. This genotype may bear drought-tolerant gene for which could be utilized for further development of drought-tolerant variety and gene transfer.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of white Jute (Corchorus capsularis L) against salinity stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramesh Naik ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
D. Barman ◽  
P.N. Meena ◽  
A. Anil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Four Levels

The environmental stress such as salinity of soil or water is serious threat for field crops in the world, especially in arid and semiarid regions. To study salinity stress on jute (Corchorus capsularis), an experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design keeping nine capsularis varieties (JRC-698, JRC-321, JRC-517, JRC-7447, JBC-5, JRC-212, JRC-80, JRC-532 and UPC-94) as one factor and four levels of salt concentrations i.e. control (Distilled H2O), 100, 160, 240 and 300 mM NaCl with three replications. Adverse effect of salinity increased with increasing concentration of sodium chloride. Among nine jute varieties the highest germination percentage (89.5%), root length (0.6 cm), shoot length (1.2 cm), fresh weight (93 mg) and dry weight (9.5 mg) of seedling were observed in ‘JRC-698’ at salt concentration at 160 mM NaCl as compared with other salt concentration. All growth parameters were recorded higher in control than other treatments. All growth parameters were decreased up to 240 mM NaCl concentration and it was completely inhibited at 300 mM NaCl. Variety ‘UPC-94’ was the most susceptible to salinity stress. Hence, white jute varieties, JRC-698 and JRC-517 can be grown at 160 mM NaCl concentration.

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hoagland ◽  
Stephen O. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

Effects of 16 herbicides representing 14 herbicide classes on growth and extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) were examined in light- and dark-grown soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings. High purity (96 to 100%) herbicides were supplied via aqueous culture at various concentrations: 0.5 mM amitrole (3-amino-s-triazole), 0.1 mM atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], 0.07 mM diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoicacid}, 0.5 mM DSMA (disodium methanearsonate), 0.2 mM fenuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea), 0.05 mM fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone}, 0.5 mM MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione), 0.5 mM metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one], 1.8 μM nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], 0.5 mM norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], 0.05 mM paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), 0.15 mM perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide}, 0.2 mM propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide), 0.1 mM propham (isopropyl carbanilate), 0.5 mM TCA (trichloroacetic acid), and 0.05 mM 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]. Dark-grown soybean seedlings (3-day-old) were transferred to control solutions (2 mM CaSO4) or to herbicide solutions (in 2 mM CaSO4) and grown at 25 C in continuous white light (200 μE•m-2•s-1) or continuous darkness until harvested 24 or 48 h after transfer. After 48 h, growth (fresh weight, dry weight, elongation) was inhibited by most of the chemicals. Other signs of toxicity (necrosis, secondary root stunting, and root tip swelling) were noted for some treatments. Roots were most affected, although hypocotyls were generally not changed. Hypocotyl elongation was stimulated by atrazine, fluridone, and norflurazon after 48 h light. Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D. Amitrole and paraquat were the only herbicides that increased extractable PAL activity. Other compounds tested had no effect on the enzyme. None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

scholarly journals ASAI KEMAMPUAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT DARI KACANG TANAH DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Sclerotium sp. PADA KECAMBAH KACANG TANAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Lisa Novita Arios ◽  
Dwi Suryanto . ◽  
Kiki Nurtjahja . ◽  
Erman Munir .
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Assay on ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from peanut to inhibit Sclerotium sp. growth in peanut seedlings.   A study on assay of ability of endophytic bacteria to inhibit Sclerotium sp. in peanut seedling has been done. The bacteria were isolated from peanut healthy plants, while Sclerotium sp. was isolated from infected peanaut plant. Antagonistic assay was conducted by dual culture method.  In vivo assay of inhibiting Sclerotium sp. was conducted by dipping peanut seed in bacterial solution, and planting the seed in soil:compost (3:1) growing media. Six endophytic bacterial isolates showed to inhibit the growth of Sclerotium sp. in vitro. LN1 seemed to inhibit more of Sclerotium sp., while LN5 showed to inhibit less. Two potential isolates LN1 of gram-negative and LN2 of gram-positive using for further study showed to decrease more of dumping off. It also seemed that the isolates increased the seedling height, number of leaves, and dry weight.

Lab and Field Level Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Managing the Dry Root Rot Disease in Black Gram Incited by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taubenh) Butler 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kiran Kumar ◽  
P. Nagamani ◽  
K. Viswanath ◽  
L. Prasanthi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola

Background: The plant growth promotion and efficacy against phytopathogens by the endophytic bacteria are being focused now due to their ecofriendly nature. Methods: Endophytic bacteria (24 nos) isolated from the roots, stems and leaves of black gram plants collected from different locations were tested for their potential to inhibit the growth of R. bataticola under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Result: The leaf endophyte BLE 4 exhibited maximum inhibition (79.6%) of R. bataticola followed by BSE 4 (77.4%), BSE 7 (77.0%) and BLE 1 (74.0%). Among these 4 isolates tested as seed treatment and soil application, there was significant increase in dry weight (7.1 g), plant height (37.7 cm), number of branches (13.2) and number of pods (26.2) in BLE 4 treated plots. Whereas, the incidence of dry root rot and yield were insignificant. In the screening study of isolates for their phosphate solubilization potential, protease activity, siderophore and HCN production, no single isolate possessed all the properties, but siderophore production, protease activity and phosphate solubilization were found in BSE 4, BRE 3, BRE 5 and BRE 10 isolates. 

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Apple and Cherry In Vitro Culture under Different Levels of Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kovalikova ◽  
Petra Jiroutova ◽  
Jakub Toman ◽  
Dominika Dobrovolna ◽  
Lenka Drbohlavova
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content

Drought stress is a serious threat. Therefore, improvements in crop productivity under conditions of limited water availability are vital to keep global food security. Apples and cherries belong to the most produced fruit worldwide. Thus, searching for their tolerant or resistant cultivars is beneficial for crop breeders to produce more resistant plants. We studied five apple (“Malinové holovouské”, “Fragrance”, “Rubinstep”, “Idared”, “Car Alexander”) and five cherry (“Regina”, “Napoleonova”, “Kaštánka”, “Sunburst”, “P-HL-C”) cultivars for their adaptation in response to progressive drought stress. The reaction of an in vitro culture to osmotic stress simulated by increasing polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration in medium was evaluated through the morphological (fresh and dry weight, water content, leaf area), physiological (chlorophyll and carotenoids content), and biochemical (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content) parameters. Drought-like stress negatively affected the water content, leaf areas, and chlorophyll content in both fruit species. Oxidative status and membrane damage of plants under water deficiency conditions occurred to be important indicators of stress tolerance mechanism. Cherries exhibited higher hydrogen peroxide levels compared to apples, whereas their malondialdehyde values were generally lower. The overall results indicated wide tolerance range to water deficit among apple and cherry in vitro culture as well as among cultivars within single plant species.

The Effects of Salinity Stress on Seed Reserve Utilization and Germination Percentage of Treated Seeds of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
S.A. Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Percentage Weight

ABSTRACT In order to investigate salinity stress on seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of treated seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), an experiment was carried out. Factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replicates. To create salinity stress, NaCl in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -4, -8, -12 and -16 bar were used. For seed priming, gibberellin (GA) 50 ppm was used. Our results showed that treatment × drought interaction on these traits: germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were significant. The highest germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were attained from priming by gibberellin at control conditions. Thus, priming increased characteristics as compared to the unprimed. Priming improved seed reserve utilization such as: weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve, seed reserve depletion percentage, seed reserve utilization efficiency and seedling growth in barley under salinity stress.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench] Varieties in Response Salinity Stress

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton Mbinda ◽  
Musa Kimtai
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Control Evaluation ◽  
Plant Life Cycle

Salinity is among the most severe and widespread environmental constrains to global crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid climates and negatively affecting productivity of salt sensitive crop species. Breeding and selection of salt tolerant crop varieties is therefore necessary for sustainable plant productivity. Given that germination and seeding phases are the most critical phase in the plant life cycle, this study aimed to evaluate seed germination potential and associated traits under salt stress conditions as a simple approach to identify salt tolerant sorghum varieties [Gadam, Sc Sila and Serena] which are adaptated to various agroecological regions. Salinity stress was applied by addition of NaCl at three different levels of stress [100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl], while plants irrigated with water were used as control. Evaluation of tolerance was performed on the basis of germination percentage, shoot and seed water absorbance, shoot and root length, leave water content, seedling total chlorophyll content and morphologic abnormality. Our results showed that salinity stress significantly impacts all features associated with germination and early development of seedlings. Our results indicated that salinity stress substantially affects all traits associated with germination and early seedling growth, with the effect of salinity being dependent on the variety used and level of salinity stress applied. Among the tested sorghum varieties, Gadam was established to the most salt tolerant variety, suggesting its potential use for cultivation under salinity stress conditions as well as its suitability for use as germplasm material in future sorghum breeding programmes. For a greater insight into comprehensive mechanisms of salinity tolerance in sorghum, we suggest further research on genomic and molecular analysis.

Potencial Agronômico de Bactérias Endofíticas de Echinodorus scaber Rataj (macrophyllus) em Plântulas de Soja

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Ricardo Douglas De Souza ◽  
Elisabeth Aparecida Furtado de Mendonça ◽  
Andressa Ricci Biz ◽  
Marcos Antônio Soares
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Soybean Seedlings

soja é umas das culturas mais produzidas no mundo, tendo safra na casa dos milhões de toneladas/ano. O aumento na produção dessa cultura permeia o desenvolvimento de tecnologias, que permitam conservar a produtividade e minimizar os dados ambientais oriundos de seu manejo. Uma opção é a inoculação de micro-organismos endofíticos que contribuem com o desenvolvimento dessa cultura. Objetivando averiguar o potencial de produção do fitormônio ácido indol acético (AIA) e solubilização de fosfato de cálcio por bactérias endofíticas isoladas de Echinodorus scaber e avaliar sua aplicação na promoção de crescimento de plântulas de soja, foram acessadas 61 bactérias endofíticas de E. scaber para os testes. A produção de AIA foi quantificada por método colorimétrico e a solubilização de fosfato de cálcio procedeu-se com inoculação das linhagens endofíticas, em meio de cultura especifico e, posteriormente, o índice de solubilização foi calculado. Para o teste de promoção de crescimento, sementes de soja foram microbiolizadas com linhagens de bactérias produtoras de AIA e solubilizadoras de fosfato de cálcio. Foram avaliadas a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência e a massa seca das plântulas de soja. As linhagens de interesse foram identificadas pelo sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA. Os resultados evidenciaram, que todas as bactérias endofíticas de E. scaber avaliadas são capazes de produzir AIA e, grande parte delas pode solubilizar fosfato de cálcio in vitro e que algumas linhagens desses micro-organismos possuem traços de promoção de crescimento de plântulas de soja, evidenciado pelo aumento de massa seca.Palavras-chave: Ácido Indolacético. Solubilização de Fosfato. Promoção de Crescimento. Sementes de Soja.AbstractSoybean is one of the most produced crops in the world, having a harvest of millions of tons/year. The increase in the production of this culture permeates the development of technologies that allow to conserve the productivity and to minimize the environmental data arising from its handling. One option is the inoculation of endophytic microorganisms that contribute to the development of this culture. In order to investigate the production potential of indole acetic acid phytormonium (AIA) and calcium phosphate solubilization by endophytic bacteria isolated from Echinodorus scaber and to evaluate its application in the promotion of soybean seedlings growth, 61 endophytic E. scaber bacteria were tested . The AIA production was quantified by colorimetric method and the calcium phosphate solubilization was carried out with inoculation of the endophytic lines in specific culture medium and afterwards the solubilization index was calculated. For the growth promotion test, soybean seeds were microbiolized with strains of AIA producing bacteria and calcium phosphate solubilizers. The germination percentage, the emergence speed index and the dry mass of the soybean seedlings were evaluated. The lines of interest were identified by the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that all the endophytic bacteria of E. scaber evaluated are capable of producing AIA and most of them can solubilize calcium phosphate in vitro and that some strains of these microorganisms have growth promoting traits of soybean seedlings evidenced by the increase of dry mass.Keywords: Indoleacetic Acid. Phosphate Solubilization. Growth Promotion. Soybean Seed.

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