scholarly journals Chemical Components of Agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) Essential Oils Grown in Various Regions of Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Kim Ngan ◽  
Dinh Thi Thu Thuy ◽  
Tran Thi Tuyen ◽  
Cam Thi Inh ◽  
Hoang Thi Bich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Volatile Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Aquilaria Crassna

This study presents a chemometric study on agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) essential oils extracted from selected agarwood samples grown in various regions of Asia. Adopting gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, it was revealed that essential oils, produced by hydrodistillation,constitutes mainly volatile aromatic compounds. Several major components are shared in all samples including dihydro-agarofuran-15-al, jinkoeremol, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, agarospirol, valerianol, n-hexadecanoic acid, neopetasane and dihydrokaranone. Despite differences in composition, extraction yield and detected constituents found in analyzed samples, characteristic aromatic compounds were abundantly found in the Agarwood essential oil. These discrepancies could be due to cultivation season, climatic conditions and extraction methods. Unambiguous identification of components in agarwood essential oils thereby opens new potential in the application of high-value aromatic compounds in agarwood essential oil in cosmetic products, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Sedative and hypnotic effects of compound Anshen essential oil inhalation for insomnia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhong ◽  
Qin Zheng ◽  
Pengyi Hu ◽  
Xiaoying Huang ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Psychotropic Substances

Abstract Backgrounds The chemical composition of many essential oils indicates that they have sedative and hypnotic effects, but there is still a lack of systematic studies on the sedative and hypnotic effects of essential oils. In addition, aromatherapy does not seem to have the side effects of many traditional psychotropic substances, which is clearly worthwhile for further clinical and scientific research. The clinical application of essential oils in aromatherapy has received increasing attention, and detailed studies on the pharmacological activities of inhaled essential oils are increasingly needed. Hypothesis/purpose As insomniacs are usually accompanied by symptoms of depression and anxiety of varying degrees, based on the theory of aromatherapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, this experiment is to study a Compound Anshen essential oil that is compatible with Lavender essential oil, Sweet Orange essential oil, Sandalwood essential oil and other aromatic medicine essential oils with sedative and hypnotic effects, anti-anxiety and anti-depression effects. To study the sedative and hypnotic effects of Compound Anshen essential oil inhaled and the main chemical components of Compound Anshen essential oil, and to compare and analyze the pharmacodynamics of diazepam, a commonly used drug for insomnia. Methods The Open field test and Pentobarbital-induced sleep latency and sleep time experiments were used to analyze and compare the sedative and hypnotic effects of inhaling Compound Anshen essential oil and the administration of diazepam on mice. The changes of 5-HT and GABA in mouse brain were analyzed by Elisa. The main volatile constituents of Compound Anshen essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results Inhalation of Compound Anshen essential oil can significantly reduce the spontaneous activity of mice, reduce latency of sleeping time and prolong duration of sleeping time. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that Compound Anshen essential oil can increase the content of 5-HT and GABA in mouse brain. The main volatile chemical constituents of the Compound Anshen essential oil are D-limonene (24.07%), Linalool (21.98%), Linalyl acetate (15.37%), α-Pinene (5.39%), and α-Santalol (4.8%). Conclusion The study found that the inhalation of Compound Anshen essential oil has sedative and hypnotic effect. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research and development of the sedative and hypnotic effects of Compound Anshen essential oil based on the theory of aromatherapy.

Comparison of the chemical components of essential oil extracted by MAHD and SPME methods from two species of Salvia from Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rastakhiz ◽  
P. Aberoomand Azar ◽  
M. Saber Tehrani ◽  
M. Moradalizadeh ◽  
K. Larijani
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Aerial Parts

Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. and Salvia rhytidea Benth.  species  of  the  genus  Salvia which are  belong  to the  Lamiaceae  family. At  the  Present  report  deals  with the  analysis comparison of the essential oils from aerial parts of S. macrosiphon  and S. rhytidea  growing wild in Iran obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) , microware assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and  solid phase micro extraction (SPME) procedures and the collected  essential oils was investigated by GC and GC-MS. The major compounds of essential oil of S. macrosiphon extracted by hydrodistillation were: Linalool(12.6%),Caryophyllene oxide(11.9%) , Octane(8.5%) and β-Eudesmol(7.1%). Also the main compounds of essential oil from S. macrosiphon extracted by microwave assisted hydrodistillation were: Caryophyllene oxide(21.8%) ,Linalool(18.8%) and β-Eudesmol (6.1%). In this study,the gas chromatogram was obtained of injection the essential oil from aerial parts of S.macrosiphon extracted by solid phase micro extraction ,was not helpful.   Chemical composition of volatile compounds from dried aerial parts of   Salvia rhytidea Benth. was extracted, by hydrodistillation and solid phase micro extraction methods but microwave assisted hydrodistillation method was not helpful . The major compounds of essential oil of S.rhytidea extracted by hydrodistillation were:Sabinene(12.8%),Spathulenol(12.4%),Germacren-D (6.7%) , β-Eudesmol (6.3%) and α - Cubebene(5.4%). Also the main compounds of essential oil from S. rhytidea extracted by solid phase micro extraction were: Sabinene (38.5%), Limonene(11.6%) , Myrcene (7.2%) and β-Pinene(5.5%).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12051 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 61-64

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil From Moroccan Middle Atlas

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. El Kamli ◽  
M. El Hamdani ◽  
N. Eloutassi ◽  
F. Errachidi ◽  
R. Chabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

This study was designed to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from Rosmarinus officinalis obtained by three different extraction methods: DA: Artisanal distillation; the essential oils were obtained directly from small cooperatives using a very traditional (nonindustrial) method and based on the technique of Steam distillation; DI: Industrial distillation which is also based on steam distillation; and DC: hydrodistillation through Clevenger apparatus laboratory. The chemical analyses were carried out with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); they identified 16 components representing more than 99.89% of the essential oil and indicate that the chemotype is 1,8-Cineole and varies according to the method used (DI: 49.09%, DA: 42.12%, and DC: 53.21%). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the β-carotene bleaching test measuring percent inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system. The disc diffusion and modified resazurin microtiter-plate assays were used, respectively, to evaluate the inhibition zones (IZ) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. In general, Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil showed a lower antioxidant and antimicrobial activity than 1,8-Cineole the major component of the essential oil.

scholarly journals The variability of secondary metabolites in mentha × piperita cv . ‘perpeta’ during the development of inflorescence

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fialová ◽  
D. Tekeľová ◽  
E. Švajdlenka ◽  
P. Potúček ◽  
K. Jakubová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Phenolic Substances

AbstractMentha × piperita (L.) Huds. of the family Lamiaceae is a very important species for commercial exploitation due to the high content of essential oil. Besides the essential oils, there are also other significant secondary metabolites in peppermint, especially flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic derivatives. In this study, we evaluate the variability of essential oil constituents and of phenolic compounds in the leaves of M. × piperita during the development of inflorescence. Similar studies, dealing with the variation of the essential oils and its composition, have been performed in the past, but no attention was paid to the variation of other secondary metabolites. We examined M. × piperita cv. ‘Perpeta’, the domestic cultivar. The plants were cultivated in the climatic conditions of south-west Slovakia. The contents of secondary metabolites were investigated in the week periods, from the beginning of inflorescence formation to the end of flowering. The yield and the quality of essential oil have been carried out by distillation and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The phenolic substances were analysed using spectrophotometric methods according to European Pharmacopoeia. The highest contents of phenolic substances have been found in leaves of plants during the flowering phenophase, the same stage when essential oil of mint also achieves the highest quality.

scholarly journals Compositional Analysis and Aroma Evaluation of Feijoa Essential Oils from New Zealand Grown Cultivars

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyao Peng ◽  
Karen Suzanne Bishop ◽  
Siew Young Quek
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Initial Comparison

Feijoa is an aromatic fruit and the essential oil from feijoa peel could be a valuable by-product in the juicing industry. An initial comparison of the essential oil extraction methods, steam-distillation and hydro-distillation, was conducted. The volatile compounds in the essential oils from four feijoa cultivars were identified and semi-quantified by GC-MS and the aroma active compounds in each essential oil were characterized using SPME-GC-O-MS. Hydro-distillation, with a material to water ratio of 1:4 and an extraction time of 90 min, was the optimized extraction method for feijoa essential oil. The Wiki Tu cultivar produced the highest essential oil yield among the four selected cultivars. A total of 160 compounds were detected, among which 90 compounds were reported for the first time in feijoa essential oils. Terpenes and esters were dominant compounds in feijoa essential oil composition and were also major contributors to feijoa essential oil aroma. Key aroma active compounds in feijoa essential oils were α-terpineol, ethyl benzoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate, linalool, (E)-geraniol, 2-undecanone, 3-octanone, α-cubebene, and germacrene D. This is the first report on the optimization of the extraction method and the establishment of the aroma profile of feijoa essential oils, with a comparison of four New Zealand grown cultivars.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Msaada ◽  
Nidhal Salem ◽  
Olfa Bachrouch ◽  
Slim Bousselmi ◽  
Sonia Tammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variability of wormwood extracts as affected by the growing region. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. The essential oil composition variability ofA. absinthiumL. aerial parts collected from four different Tunisian regions was assessed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and essential oils were undertaken. Chromatographic analysis of wormwood essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by chamazulene. RP-HPLC analysis of wormwood methanolic extract revealed the predominance of phenolic acids. Antiradical activity was region-dependant and the methanolic extract of Bou Salem region has the strongest activity (CI50=9.38±0.82 µg/mL). Concerning the reducing power, the methanolic extract of Bou Salem, Jérissa, and Boukornine regions was more active than the positive control. Obtained results of antimicrobial activities showed that wormwood essential oil is endowed with important antibacterial activity which was strongly related to the organoleptic quality of oil which appeared strongly region-dependant.A. absinthiumL. EOs investigated are quite interesting from a pharmaceutical standpoint because of their biological activities.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutrients Drivers on the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC. from Ecuador

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2949
Author(s):  
Juan I. Burneo ◽  
Ángel Benítez ◽  
James Calva ◽  
Pablo Velastegui ◽  
Vladimir Morocho
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
First Time

Chemical compositions of plants are affected by the initial nutrient contents in the soil and climatic conditions; thus, we analyzed for the first time the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on the compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of Siparuna muricata in four different localities in Ecuador. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Enantiomeric distribution by GC/MS was determined, modifying the enantiomeric separation of β-pinene, limonene, δ-elemene, β-bourbonene, cis-cadina-1 (6), 4-diene and atractylone. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The most representative for L1 were guaiol, atractylone and 4-diene; for L2, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene and myrcene; for L3, atractylone, myrcene and germacrene B; and finally, L4 germacrene B, myrcene and cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene. Correlations between soil- leaf chemical elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, N and Si in the different localities were significant with chemical composition of the essential oil of Siparuna muricata; however, correlations between soil and leaf K, P, and Na were not significant. Cluster and NMDS analysis showed high dissimilarity values of secondary metabolites between four localities related with changes in soil- leaf nutrients. Thus, the SIMPER routine revealed that not all secondary metabolites contribute equally to establishing the differences in the four localities, and the largest contributions are due to differences in guaiol, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene, atractylone and germacrene. Our investigation showed for the first time the influences of altitude and soil- leaf chemical elements in the chemical composition of the EOs of S. muricata.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Allelopathic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sesquiterpenes Rich Essential Oil of Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1294
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽  
Abdelbaset M. Elgamal ◽  
Yasser A. EI-Amier ◽  
Tarik A. Mohamed ◽  
Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Chemometric Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Authentic Materials ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Hexahydrofarnesyl Acetone ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The integration of green natural chemical resources in agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications allures researchers and scientistic worldwide. Cleome amblyocarpa has been reported as an important medicinal plant. However, its essential oil (EO) has not been well studied; therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the C. amblyocarpa, collected from Egypt, and assess the allelopathic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of its EO. The EO of C. amblyocarpa was extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The chemometric analysis of the EO composition of the present studied ecospecies and the other reported ecospecies was studied. The allelopathic activity of the EO was evaluated against the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Additionally, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were determined. Forty-eight compounds, with a prespondence of sesquiterpenes, were recorded. The major compounds were caryophyllene oxide (36.01%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.92%), alloaromadendrene epoxide (6.17%), myrtenyl acetate (5.73%), isoshyobunone (4.52%), shyobunol (4.19%), and trans-caryophyllene (3.45%). The chemometric analysis revealed inconsistency in the EO composition among various studied ecospecies, where it could be ascribed to the environmental and climatic conditions. The EO showed substantial allelopathic inhibitory activity against the germination, seedling root, and shoot growth of D. aegyptium, with IC50 values of 54.78, 57.10, and 74.07 mg L−1. Additionally, the EO showed strong antioxidant potentiality based on the IC50 values of 4.52 mg mL−1 compared to 2.11 mg mL−1 of the ascorbic acid as standard. Moreover, this oil showed significant anti-inflammation via the suppression of lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX1, and COX2), along with membrane stabilization. Further study is recommended for analysis of the activity of pure authentic materials of the major compounds either singularly or in combination, as well as for evaluation of their mechanism(s) and modes of action as antioxidants or allelochemicals.

Research Progress of Essential Oil as a New Complementary Therapy in the Treatment of Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Liang ◽  
Xinli Wang ◽  
Guowei Zhao ◽  
Xiaoying Huang ◽  
Xiqiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

: Depression is a mood disorder or affective disorder disease with depression as the main symptom. It has become a kind of mental disease that cannot be ignored in the world that seriously endangers human physical and mental health. Antidepressants commonly used in clinics generally have some defects including slow action, unremarkable effects and large side-effects. Therefore, there has a huge developing space for the research of new and effective therapeutic drugs to supplement or replace traditional drugs. Essential oil has obvious advantages in the treatment of depression and other emotional diseases, its aromatic odor can directly stimulate the olfactory nerves, and the lipophilic small- molecular compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier easily, to play its regulatory role of releasing of neurotransmitters and hormones related to depression, or adjusting the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and proinflammatory cytokines. The pathogenesis of depression and the problems in traditional medication was illustrated, the research on the antidepressant effects and mechanism of essential oils in recent years was summarized and the antidepressant chemical components in plant essential oils were reviewed in this article. It could provide scientific basis for essential oil to be a new choice for relieving depression and treating depression.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ibáñez ◽  
María Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

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