scholarly journals USE HERBAL PLANTS (CHAMAENERION ANGUSTIFOLIUM AND TANACETUM VULGARE) FOR MONITORING OF TERRITORIES POLLUTED BY FLUORINE-CONTAINING EMISSIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Ольга (Ol'ga) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Калугина (Kalugina) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'yana) Алексеевна (Alekseevna) Михайлова (Mikhailova) ◽  
Ольга (Ol'ga) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Шергина (Shergina)
Keyword(s):  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Chamerion Angustifolium ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Fluoride Accumulation ◽  
Root Barrier ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Chamaenerion Angustifolium

Specific features of fluoride accumulation by two species of herbaceous plants – Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub and Tanacetum vulgare L., were found at different distances from the aluminum smelter located in the Baikal region. The highest fluorine content was recorded at the distance of 3 km from the smelter: 433 mg / kg of dry weight in C. angustifolium, 306 mg / kg in T. vulgare. According to the level of accumulation of fluorine, the organs of C. angustifolium were arranged in the following order (as the concentration decreases): leaves> roots> stems ≥ flowers, for T. vulgare the another sequence was typical: roots> leaves> flowers ≥ stems. Calculation of the root barrier coefficient for different organs of C. angustifolium and T. vulgare indicates the existence of barrier mechanisms that prevent the entry of fluorine from the soil into the aerial part of plants. A feature of the accumulation of fluoride in the leaves of C. angustifolium is its active foliar absorption and barrier-free intake from the soil. It has been established that the rate of fluoride accumulation by the reproductive organs of both species is much lower than by the assimilation organs. The data obtained make it possible to recommend using C. angustifolium for monitoring air fluorine pollution, and T. vulgare – for soil fluorine pollution.

Phytotoxicity of Glyphosate to Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Segura ◽  
S. W. Bingham ◽  
C. L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Clover Seed

The phytotoxicity of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on seeds (protected or non-protected with soil) and seedlings of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorumLam.) and red clover(Trifolium pratenseL.) was studied in the greenhouse. Percent germination of Italian ryegrass seeds covered with soil was significantly reduced with glyphosate applied at 4 kg/ha. The direct treatment over the seeds on the soil surface was more toxic, reducing the number of established seedlings at dosages of 3 and 4 kg/ha. In the two red clover seed treatments, germination was significantly reduced with 2 kg/ha of herbicide. Even though germination was reduced at intermediate rates of glyphosate, shoot growth and tillering were improved and yields of dry weight were equivalent to that of untreated plants. Postemergence applications of glyphosate were phytotoxic to both species with the effects becoming more pronounced at increasing dosages. However, at equal dosage, red clover was less susceptible than Italian ryegrass. The patterns of foliar absorption and translocation of14C from14C-glyphosate was similar in Italian ryegrass and red clover.14C was translocated throughout the plants and exhibited apoplastic and symplastic movement.

Absorption and Translocation of Buthidazole

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd C. Haderlie
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Leaves

Absorption and translocation of buthidazole [3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-imidazolidinone] was determined in several plant tissues. Buthidazole caused slight effects on seed germination. Germination of soybean (Glycine max L.Merr. ‘Williams’) seeds was inhibited up to 15% and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) was stimulated up to 13%. Buthidazole was absorbed by germinating soybeans, velvetleaf, and corn (Zea maysL.) with rate of absorption increasing when roots were capable of absorption. Buthidazole concentrations of 0.5 μM or greater inhibited growth of soybean in the early second-trifoliolate growth stage when supplied to the roots in nutrient solution. Within 96 h, 29% of the buthidazole available to soybeans was absorbed from nutrient solution and 89% of that absorbed was found in the shoots. The expanded leaves of soybean accumulated the majority of the radioactivity. Radioactivity in roots of soybean approached a steady state condition within 96 h, whereas14C continued to increase in shoots. Foliar absorption of buthidazole in soybean greatly increased when any one of several surfactants were used. Soybean dry weight reduction nearly doubled by adding surfactants. Over 60% of the14C-buthidazole applied to soybean leaves was absorbed within 1.5 h, and increased to 73% by 96 h when the nonionic surfactant, AL-411-F3[Phytobland Spray Oil (83%) plus ATPLUS 300F (17%)] was used compared to only 7% in 96 h without the surfactant. There was little or no movement of buthidazole from the treated leaves. Translocation was typical of apoplastic movement.

Foliar and Root Absorption and Translocation of Bispyribac-sodium in Cool-season Turfgrass

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren W. Lycan ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Sodium Tolerance

Response of creeping bentgrass, annual bluegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass to foliar, soil, or foliar plus soil applications of bispyribac-sodium was evaluated in greenhouse studies. Soil-alone and foliar plus soil applications of bispyribac-sodium at 148 or 296 g ai/ha resulted in greater injury and shoot dry weight reduction of all species 28 d after treatment (DAT) compared to foliar-alone treatments. Creeping bentgrass was less injured than annual or Kentucky bluegrass regardless of application placement. Further studies evaluated foliar and root absorption and translocation of14C-bispyribac-sodium in creeping bentgrass, annual bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and roughtstalk bluegrass. Foliar absorption into creeping bentgrass was less than that of other species at most harvest timings from 4 to 72 h after treatment. Annual and roughstalk bluegrass translocated greater amounts of foliar-absorbed14C to the crown and shoots compared to creeping bentgrass. Annual and roughstalk bluegrass accumulated approximately 47% more14C per dry weight of plant tissue than creeping bentgrass and 74% more than Kentucky bluegrass after 72 h in nutrient solution containing14C-bispyribac-sodium. Annual and roughstalk bluegrass translocated approximately 80% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, whereas creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass translocated slightly less (66% of absorbed for both species). These studies suggest that bispyribac-sodium is readily absorbed by roots and translocated to shoots which may contribute to its total activity within a plant. In addition, creeping bentgrass displayed lower amounts of foliar and root absorption and subsequent translocation than annual and roughstalk bluegrass which may contribute to greater bispyribac-sodium tolerance displayed by creeping bentgrass.

scholarly journals Developing a Sufficient Protocol for the Enhancement of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity by Urena lobata L. Aeroponic Hairy Roots Using Exogenous Factors, a Precursor, and an Elicitor

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Dai Minh Cao ◽  
Phuong Thi Bach Vu ◽  
Minh Thi Thanh Hoang ◽  
Anh Lan Bui ◽  
Phuong Ngo Diem Quach
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Positive Correlations

Aeroponics is considered as a potential method for the culture of herbal plants due to the high growth rate, quantity and quality enhancement of secondary metabolites, and substantial environmental progress associated with this method. The aim of this study was to develop a sufficient protocol for successful Urena lobata hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834, using a precursor and elicitor to enhance α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (GIA) of aeroponic hairy roots (AHRs) in greenhouse conditions. In this study, we found that the optimized procedure (10 min, Woody plant medium (WPM), 1/25 salt strength) had an outstanding effect with a reduction in the rooting time (RT), promotion of the rooting rate (RR), and increase in the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) compared with the original procedure (30 min, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 1/25 salt strength) after 30 days of culture. The highest DW, GIA, flavonoid (FLA) and phenolic (PHEL) contents were observed for individual addition of 10 mM phenylalanine (PA) or 50 mM chitosan (CS) in the late exponential phase (eighth week) with 15 days of elicitation compared to the control AHRs. However, individual treatment was less effective than the combination of the two. Positive correlations among the GIA, FLA and PHEL indicate that AHRs accumulated phenolic compounds, leading to an increase in the GIA by a synergistic effect. In conclusion, the culture of Urena lobata AHRs with PA and CS is an efficient procedure to produce GIA material in greenhouse conditions.

Predominance of flowers and newly formed pods in reproductive abscission of Lupinus angustifolius L

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pigeaire ◽  
R Delane ◽  
A Seymor ◽  
CA Atkins
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Final Harvest

The stage of development at which reproductive organs abscised on the main inflorescence of Lupinus angustifolius L. plants was studied in field plot trials which incorporated site, sowing date, density and cultivar treatments. The average number of pods on the main inflorescence at final harvest ranged over 1.8 to 8.4, the Reproductive Index (number of seeds per gram total above-ground dry weight, excluding seeds) varied from 3.1 to 7.6, and the Harvest Index from 0.17 to 0.50. Four stages at which abscission occurred were identified (flower [ovaries 7-8 mm long], pl [pods 9-10 mm], p2 [pods 11-13 mm], p3 [pods 14-27 mm long]) and used to assess reproductive development on a week by week basis. In all treatments, losses of flowers and pl pods accounted for 92% or more of total reproductive abscission and, of this, the majority was due to flower abscission. The number of abscised pl pods was relatively stable across treatments, but the number of p2 and p3 pods which abscised varied markedly with sowing date, possibly indicating a relationship with changes in environmental conditions. Examination of ovaries following cryosectioning and fluorescence microscopy showed that pollination of ovules occurred with a similarly high frequency in flowers destined to abscise (77%) compared with those destined to form pods (88%). The difference was due to a 50% probability of pollination of the fifth ovule in ovaries of flowers forming pods and only a 25% probability in those which abscised. The data are discussed in relation to the likely physiological basis for the regulation of reproductive abscission in the species.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF MEDICINAL VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS OF THE VORONEZH REGION ON THE EXAMPLE OF FLOWERS OF A TANSY ORDINARY

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
N. A. Dyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Voronezh Oblast ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The article addresses to the problems of contamination by heavy metals of herbal substances in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The object of the study was Tanacetum Vulgare gathered in urban and agro-ecosystems exposed to anthropogenic impact. The research was conducted by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method, using the MGA-915MD atomic absorption spectrometer in accordance with pharmacopoeia method. The study gave consideration to 51 samples of Tanacetum Vulgare contaminated by heavy metals (plumbum, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic. All samples meet the existing requirements, specified in reference documentation, in regards to norms of contained heavy metals (plumbum, cadmium, mercury) and aresnic. Comparing the data on the content of heavy metals in top soil of the region and the content of these elements in Tanacetum Vulgare blossoms, it can be argued that there exist some substantial physiological barriers preventing the plants from accumulation of ecotoxicants in their reproductive organs. It is most noticeable for such elements as plumbum, mercury, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. It appears that Tanacetum Vulgare is able to selectively absorb some heavy metals that penetrate into zymophore (e.g., copper and zinc) provided that their environmental content is below vital level. On the contrary, when the content of such elements in top soil was considerable, the plant blocked physiologically their penetration into the blossoms. Thereunder, it is fair to assume for Tanacetum Vulgare that, as a result of technological impact, the edaphotype forms and adapts to such environmental conditions. Tanacetum Vulgare blossoms accumulate toxic elements from top soil inconsiderably, which is important for procurement planning and assessment of herbal substances quality.

scholarly journals Fauna and ecology of Hymenoptera background species of terrestrial ecosystems in the Yenisei Siberia tundra and forest-tundra

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Aleksander A. Baranov ◽  
Emilia V. Stambrovskaya ◽  
Svetlana N. Gorodilova ◽  
Ksenia K. Bannikova ◽  
Olga N. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Chamerion Angustifolium ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Anthriscus Sylvestris ◽  
Faunistic Composition

This paper presents materials on the ecology and faunistic composition of four species of Hymenoptera: Urocerus gigas L., 1758; Vespula vulgaris L., 1758; Bombus polaris Curtis, 1835; Bombus hyperboreus Schonherr, 1809. Their number was calculated for 20172019, data on population density, seasonal activity and forage plants of Hymenoptera adults in the tundra and forest-tundra of Yenisei Siberia are presented. As a result of calculating in both natural conditions, numerous species are true wasps and bumblebees and the large horntail is a rare species and was recorded only in the forest-tundra. When studying the food base of the studied species, it was noted that Vespula vulgaris was most often found on the forest bellap Anthriscus sylvestris L., in thickets of willow shrubs, Salix polaris Wahlenb. Adult insects Urocerus gigas were found mainly on Siberian larch Larix sibirica L. and alder forest Alnus fruticosa Rupr. Individuals of Bombus polaris and Bombus hyperboreus were recorded on horned dandelion Taraxacum ceratophorum L., narrow-leaved fireweed Chamerion angustifolium L., common tansy Tanacetum vulgare L.

scholarly journals HIGH TEMPERATURE RESPONSE IN BEAN-PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175f-1175
Author(s):  
Paul H. Li
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities ◽  
Post Stress

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a heat-sensitive plant species in which excessive abscission of reproductive organs occurs during hot weather. This results in yield reductions, and, in extreme heat stress, plants produce few or no pods. We evaluated 74 bean genotypes in terms of leaf heat tolerance (HT) and leaf heat acclimation potential (HAP), as expressed by heat killing time (HKT), the time in minutes needed to cause a 50% electrolyte leakage from leaf tissue heated at 50°C Leaf HT is defined as the leaf HKT of plants without prior conditioning at 37°C day/night temperature and leaf HAP as the change in leaf HT following exposure of the plant to 37°C day/night for 24-h. Among 74 bean genotypes examined leaf HT ranged from 5 to 30 min HKT, whereas leaf HAP ranged from 35 to 130 min HKT. Positive significant correlations were observed between leaf HAP and post-stress performance in photosynthetic activities, plant dry weight, pod set, pod weight and yield among bean genotypes. Correlations, however, were not significant between leaf HT and post-stress performance.A relationship between heat resistance, consisting of the combination of HT and HAP, and heat injury is proposed. Interpretation of the differential amounts of heat injury among genotypes having different HAP, is discussed. We view leaf HT and leaf HAP as two distinguishable phenomena. We suggest that in breeding programs HAP may be the more important of the two, and should he evaluated as a selection criterion for improving crop performance in high temperature environments.

Metabolic signalling and the partitioning of resources in plant storage organs

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL G. HALFORD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Metabolic Signalling ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Plant Storage

The most important harvested organs of crop plants, such as seeds, tubers and fruits, are often described as assimilate sinks. They play little or no part in the fixation of carbon through the production of sugars through photosynthesis, or in the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur, but import these assimilated resources to support metabolism and to store them in the form of starch, oils and proteins. Wild plants store resources in seeds and tubers to later support an emergent young plant. Cultivated crops are effectively storing resources to provide us with food and many have been bred to accumulate much more than would be required otherwise. For example, approximately 80% of a cultivated potato plant's dry weight is contained in its tubers, ten times the proportion in the tubers of its wild relatives (Inoue & Tanaka 1978). Cultivation and breeding has brought about a shift in the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen assimilate between the organs of the plant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document